Menene lalacewa da kuma matsayin matsayinsa a cikin wallafe-wallafen yau?

Yin tayin tambaya game da abin da ya faru, wanda ya kamata ya gudanar da nazarin tarihin bayyanar ma'anar ta. Kuma wannan ra'ayi ne aka haife shi a Faransa, kuma kalmomin "ƙi" da "lalata" sun kasance fassararsa. Ta hanyar digging zurfi, zaku iya samo tushen wannan kalma a cikin Latin sanarwa na fall. Saboda haka da cewa irin wannan lalacewar? Wanene kuma a ina da dama da kuma abin da ya ɓace? Kuma a gaba ɗaya, game da wanda ko wane ne ya kamata a yi amfani da wannan ra'ayi?

Sai dai itace cewa lalacewar - wani Trend in art. Wani lokaci wannan kalma tana nufin halin mutum wanda wanda ra'ayi ya dace da lalata. Wannan yanayin ya tashi ne a ƙarshen karni na ashirin, yayin da tarihin zamantakewa na rayuwa ya tilasta mutane masu tunani su sake tunani game da matsayinsu. A wannan lokacin rikice-rikice na zamantakewar mutane tsakanin mutane sun fara zalunci yanayi, ƙiyayya da rayuwa a gaba ɗaya, halin mutumism da jin dadin zuciya da rashin bege. Halin da aka samo hanya ta hanyar kin amincewa da siyasar siyasa da zamantakewar al'umma, yana yanke shawara cewa wannan matsayi - gaskiya ne kawai, yana ba da hakikanin 'yanci ga kerawa. Saboda haka, zuwa tambaya, menene lalacewa, za ku iya ba da wata amsar: tsere daga gaskiya, ƙi yin la'akari da siyasa da dan kasa a cikin aikinku.

To me menene lalacewa ke nunawa? Shafukan da suka fi so a cikin wannan jagora mai kyau shine mutuwa da rashin rayuwa, neman tsaiko da kuma ruhaniya, mafarki na kyakkyawan kyakkyawan gaba gaba da gaskiya. Wannan jagora ya ci gaba a cikin mafi yawan fasaha na zamani. Ba ta shige shi ba kuma wallafe-wallafe. Menene lalacewa a cikin wallafe-wallafe?

Mutane da yawa masana tarihi na fasaha, suna la'akari da wannan jagoran, suna amfani da waɗannan sharuddan "neo-romanticism", "modernism" da "symbolism". Amma ya kamata a lura cewa dukansu bazai iya cika hasken ƙeta ba, yawancin lokaci ne kawai na ɓangaren motsi. An yi imanin cewa lalatawar littattafai sun sake komawa zuwa karni na 18, wanda aka kafa shi ne Montesquieu, da kuma marubuci mai zuwa kuma mai sukar daga Faransa Desiree Nizard.

Duk da haka, mutane da yawa masu sukar ba sa son wallafe-wallafe irin wannan, kuma sun sanya kalmar "lalatacciyar", Victor Hugo ta ganye da kuma romanticism gaba daya. Duk da haka, lokaci ya nuna cewa ayyukan Hugo da kuma jagoran jagorancin Edgar Allan Poe, wanda muka gani, ana karanta su da sha'awar mutanen zamani. Ba manta da mu da kuma Sharl Bodler da Teofil Gote, wanda ya sanya kalmomi-fusata kalma an yi amfani da matsayin alamar girmamawa.

Sun yi la'akari da ƙaddarar rashin amincewa da "ci gaban banal." Daga cikin Rasha decadent "mazan tsara" (1880 - 1890 gg.) Shin sanannun kasida da marubuta kamar Dobrolyubov, F. Sologub, Konstantin Balmont, I. Konevskaya, Zinaida Gippius, D. Merezhkovsky da "farkon" Bruce. Tunanin zamani a Rasha shi ma Mista Minskiy ya kasance wakilci na farko, marubuci LN Andreev, I.F. Annensky.

Daga bisani, ra'ayoyin lalacewa sun kafa harsashi ga sauran sauran hanyoyin zamani a littattafai. Ana nuna su a cikin A. Blok da A. Akhmatova, V. Bryusov da kuma V. Kandinsky, na I. Stravinsky da wasu da yawa, yanzu ana kira 'yan litattafan wallafe-wallafen Rasha.

A zamaninmu, wannan halin yanzu yana fara sabon karuwar girma. A cikin Fabrairu na shekarar bara na Millennium na ƙarshe, Marusya Klimova (marubuta) da kuma Timur Novikov (zane-zane) sun gudanar da bikin lalata "Dark Nuights". Kuma wannan shine kawai farkon. A 1005, an gudanar da wani bikin a Club a Brest a Moscow, karkashin jagorancin shugaban kungiyar Boston Tea Party, yar jarida Vladimir Preobrazhensky. A yau, lalataccen labarun ya rabu da mutane, daga Gothic da kuma wuraren rero, kusan suna nuna masu sauraro akan Intanet. "Harkokin ba da ladabi" a zamanin duniyar nan za ta kai gagarumar lalacewa a lokacinta - a ƙarshen 18th da farkon karni na 19.