Menene manufofi da metaphors, simile, personification?

Domin rubuta wani rubutu ko sa shi a mai haske, Catchy da ma'ana, da mawallafa amfani da wasu m dabaru, da ake kira gargajiya hanyoyi da kuma Figures na magana. Wadannan sun hada da: a misãli, epithet, personification, hyperbole, misãlai, Misalin, periphrasis, da kuma sauran Figures na magana a cikin abin da wata kalma ko magana a yi amfani da wani zaurance, yin duk wannan karin ma'ana.

Next za mu koyi yadda za a rarrabe daban-daban en da kuma hanyoyin domin su amfani.

Menene manufofi da metaphors

A mafi akai-akai ci karo a wallafe-wallafen harshen wajen magana ne manufofi da metaphors.

The kalmar "epithet" a Girkanci an saita zuwa "aikace-aikace". Wannan shi ne, a cikin sunan riga yana wani bayani na ainihi - da definition wanda yake sama-sama characterizes wani abu ko sabon abu. A fasalin da aka nuna epithet, don haka kamar yadda ya shiga cikin bayyana abu, shi complements ta da wani tunanin da ko da semantically.

A harsuna, da kuma lexicography akwai har yanzu babu kullum yarda da ka'idar bayyana hakikanin abin da epithets da metaphors. Yawancin magana game iri uku manufofi:

• The kowa da harshen - wadanda suke da karfi, sau da yawa amfani da wallafe-wallafen sadarwa magana (azurfa dew, m sanyi, da dai sauransu ...).
• jama'a shayari - yi amfani a cikin jama'a ayyuka (lupus budurwa zaki magana mai kyau 'yan'uwa, da dai sauransu ...).
• mutum marubuci - halitta da mawallafa na adabi ayyukansu (futlyarnoy sharudda (A. P. Chehov), scratchy idanu (Gorky)).

Misãli, da bambanci ga epithets - shi ne ba wai kawai wata kalma, amma kuma nuna cewa an yi amfani da wani zaurance. Metaphors aka zaba a kan tushen da kama ko, conversely, da bambanci da wani mamaki ko abubuwa.

Yadda da kuma lokacin da wani misãli da ake amfani da

More, abin da manufofi da metaphors, da kuma abin da suke su bambance-bambance, da shi za a iya gane su fahimci cewa asali da ake bukata domin amfani na karshen ne su asali, da m ikon sa wani tunanin da ƙungiyoyi da kuma taimaka gabatar da wasu taron ko sabon abu.

Ga wani misali daga cikin metaphorical bayanin irin dare sama a cikin labarin "Uku" Gorky: "Milky Way azurfa zane yada fitar a fadin sama daga wannan gefe zuwa wani - ya kalle shi ta hanyar da rassan itace ya m da kuma bakin ciki."

Amfani da samfuri, ya ɓace daga m amfani da asali da kuma wani tunanin jikewa metaphors iya rage ingancin da aiki ko da magana furta.

Babu kasa da haɗari, kuma yana iya zama fiye da kima, yawan metaphors. Mun kasance a cikin irin wannan hali zama unnecessarily flowery kuma kowanne kofa, me ya sa za a iya karya da kuma ta ji.

Yadda za a rarrabe tsakanin misãli da siffa

A cikin ayyukansu ne wani lokacin quite wuya a bambanta daidai da en marubucin amfani. Don yin wannan, kana bukatar karin lokaci don fahimtar kwatanta, abin da manufofi da kuma metaphors.

Misãli ne mai kyau dabara, wanda dogara ne a kan wani misalin, canja wurin dabi'u a cikin image, kama, "Morning dariya windows. Idonta - duhu agates. "

Same epithet - shi ne daya daga metaphors lokuta, yana da sauki a ce - m definition ( "Dumi madara magariba garin kankara sanyi taurari").

Bisa ga gabatar ba, ya riga ya yiwuwa a gane abin da yake misãli, epithet, personification da kuma nemo su a cikin wadannan misali: "An gani a matsayin wani dogon allura tsere da gaisuwa blue sama, daga high m girgije, saukad ..." (Ivan Bunin, "A Little romance ").

A fili yake cewa babu an yi amfani da metaphors (saukad tashi dogon needles), da kuma manufofi (daga hayaki girgije) da kuma personification (fun blue sama).

Personification - misãli, Misalin musamman

To, abin da yake a misãli, epithet, da personification? Wannan, kamar yadda ka sani, yana nufin sadarwa hali ga sabon abu, ko abu, wani irin rarrabe dabam, kyale su yin rubuce ko magana m da kuma tunawa.

Kuma a cikin wannan jerin za a iya gano personification - musamman en, da ciwon dogon tarihi dating baya ga mutãne art. Sojan gona - shi ne kamar cewa daga wani Misalin, canja wuri da kaddarorin halittu masu rai a kan mamaki ko abubuwa.

A kan yin amfani da sojan gona, da kuma gina daya daga cikin mafi kusa ga almara nau'o'i - wani labari.

A bambanci ga irin tropes matsayin misãli, epithet, simile, personification - shi ne ma sosai tattali liyafar. Da ake ji da shi, ba su da bukatar wani cikakken bayanin da batun, shi ne isa ya kwatanta shi da wani abu riga aka sani zuwa haifar da zama dole jam'iyya: "Yaya m rufe dilapidated tattaka a ƙasa ciki ingrown hatenki yankunan karkara landless matalauta, landless manoma!" (JS Sokolov-Mikita, "yara").

Da cewa irin wannan a kwatanta

Ba shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin wani aiki bã tãre da kwatancen, kwatancen na wani abu da wani abu, similes daya aukuwa zuwa wani, kunna mafi m, sama-sama da aka bayyana su, kuma a lokaci guda na sadar da hali zuwa gare su.

Litattafansu na Rasha adabi da basira ƙware da art amfani epithets, metaphors, similes: "A blue, cike da gidajen gona da haske taurarin sama karammiski baki foliage alamu sun kama wani ta shimfiɗa hannuwansu zuwa sama, a kan wani yunkurin kai ta Heights" (Maxim Gorky, "Uku" ).

Wuya lokuta a kayyade kwatanta

Wani lokaci aka bayyana a sama ma'ana Hanyar - da kwatanta - shi ne quite wuya a rarrabe tsakanin lokuta a cikin abin da jumla kawai ta amfani da kalmar da kungiyoyin kwadago "yadda", "abin da idan" da kuma "idan", amma ga sauran dalilai.

Sake - da epithets, metaphors, wanda aka kwatanta hanyoyi da cewa taimaka wa wadãtar, "Paint", ya ce. Saboda haka, a cikin jumla "Mun ga yadda ya yi tafiya sannu a hankali wajen gandun daji," babu wani kwatanta, akwai wani jam'iyya, a haɗa sassa na wani hadadden jumla. A tsari ne "Mun tafi corridor, inda ya duhu da sanyi a matsayin cellar" (Bunin) gwama bayyane (as sanyi a matsayin cellar).

Hanyar for gwama magana

Kuma cewa a cikin jerin misãli, epithet, simile, personification iya karshe magance kowane sawu, tsaya kadan more a kan kwatanta.

An bayyana a cikin da yawa hanyoyi:

• .. Amfani juyin tare da kalmomin da "yadda", "daidai," "kamar," da dai sauransu ( "Sumar nada a matsayin antennae Peas");
• kamanta digiri siffa ko yar bab ( "harshen sharper reza");
• ablative suna ( "a cikin zuciya na wani Nightingale raira waƙa soyayya");
• kuma lexically (ta amfani da kalmomin "kamar", "kama", kuma haka. d.).

Mene ne hyperbole

Daga cikin amfanin irin wannan tropes matsayin misãli, epithet, simile, hyperbole ne na musamman richness, karin gishiri batu. Mawallafa, da dama readily amfani da wannan dabara: "Ya kasance quite impassive, wasu dutse, m fuska."

Domin hyperbolic dabaru za a iya dangana ga ba dama Refayawa, kuma Thumbelina, da kuma The Boy tare da yatsa, rayuwa mai hikaya. Kuma a cikin epics hyperbole - makawa sifa: Silushka heroes da yaushe haddi, da kuma abokan gaba - da m kuma ba tare da lambar.

Ko a yau da kullum magana za a iya samu hyperbole: "Mun ba su gani ba juna domin shekara dubu!" Ko "zub da wani teku na hawaye."

Misãli epithet kwatanta hyperbola kuma sukan yi amfani da a hade, samar da kwatanta hyperbolic ko sojan gona da metaphors ( "ruwan sama ya zuba m bango").

A ikon amfani da en zai sa ka jawabin dimbin yawa da kuma haske

A lokaci daya ko V. G. Belinsky jãyayya da cewa su yi magana da kyau da kuma ya yi magana da kyau - shi ke ba da wannan abu. Bayan duk, ko da irreproachable daga ra'ayi na nahawu, shi yana iya zama da wuya a gane.

Kuma daga sama, ku yiwuwa riga gane abin da mai misãli, epithet, personification, da kuma cewa san yadda za a yi amfani da wadannan hanyoyi ne muhimmiyar. Zai taimake ka tare da cewa wannan m karatu na litattafansu - kamar yadda za a iya daukarsa a matsayin misali aikace-aikace na duk stylistic richness na Rasha harshe.

Samun wani kãmun litattafan Gogol ta Lines: "... Words kamar furanni, kamar m, m, kuma mai haske ...", a cikin wanda a kananan sa na m nufin marubucin ya gudanar ya fili isar da alama na sauti na kalmomi. Kuma ku tuna, cewa misãli, hyperbole epithet - da kayan aikin da ottochat your magana, kuma, saboda haka, bukatar mu koyi yin amfani da su!