Muna neman cognates

Same tushen ne kalmomi da suke da irin wannan a ma'anar da kuma da na kowa ɓangare. Ba shi da wuya a tsammani cewa wannan na kowa bangare dole ne tushen (ko daya daga cikin tushen, idan kalma hadaddun). Saboda haka, na farko na dukkan kamata ka gane cewa abin da shi ne tushen. Rule na Rasha harshen ga Grade 1 jihohin da tushen da aka kira na kowa ɓangare na related kalmomi, kwasfa wani da babban daraja.

Kamar itace, kalmar "girma" daga tushen.

A ikon zabi related kalmomi (su ne guda - guda tushen) yale mu mu rubuta daidai. Wannan ya shafi orfogrammy kamar unstressed wasali a cikin tushen (msl, kalmar "kogi" unstressed "e" jami'in dake duba yawan cognate kalmar "kogi" a cikin abin "f" shi ne a karkashin danniya).

Yara sukan gauraye kinship tare da daban-daban siffofin guda kalma. Alal misali, ga kalmar "linzamin kwamfuta" - "linzamin kwamfuta" - cognate ne wata kalma, da kuma "linzamin kwamfuta" - wani nau'i na daya. Kalma Forms bambanta da ajalinsa, da kuma related kalmomi suna kafa da taimakon kari kafin kalma da suffixes. Kuma Consoles iya canza ma'anar kalmar, ko kishiyar. Ga misali, saɓanin ma'ana isowa da kuma tashi ne a lokaci guda stemmings.

Wani kuskure gamagari a cikin guda-tushen kalmomi - dauki kan alaka kalmomi, wadanda suka yi wannan tushen a cikin haruffan da kuma sauti, amma ba kalla. Wadannan Tushen ana kira homonymous. Alal misali, da kalmomin "hannu", "tire", "dako" - tushen -nos- a cikin "hanci" da kalmar "sock", "gada" - kuma -nos-, amma babu wani abu da ya yi a da dabi'u. Homonymous da kalmar tushen ba daya suke ba tushen. A baya halin da ake ciki za a iya lura a kalmomi sosai kama a ma'anar, amma ba su da wani na kowa tushen. Alal misali: a kare - a kwikwiyo, wani doki - foal, da dai sauransu Rasha harshen ne ba kawai arziki, amma kuma sosai unpredictable!

Cognates iya zama a matsayin wani ɓangare na magana, da kuma daban-daban (gudu, ta zo ta biyu, mai gudu - sunaye, gudu, gudu - fi'ili. Guje, sauri - manufofi; Gudun - tarayya).

An ban sha'awa batu a cikin derivation ne ga m sauti alaka kalmomi a cikin tushen, da kuma yadda vowels (alfijir - Zori rataya - rataye) da kuma baƙaƙe (daya-yan'uwanmu abokai, bushe - bushe). Bambance-bambancen karatu, a lokacin da baƙaƙe ne alternated da haduwa da baƙaƙe (fitar - tuki kamawa - Fishing) da kuma vowels - "sifili sauti", da ake kira runaway wasali (mahaifin - uba, barci - barci).

Cognate kalma iya samun biyu ko fiye da asalinsu. Irin wannan magana, an kira hadaddun. Daya tushen a cikin wannan yanayin ne da alaka, da kuma sauran za su bauta a matsayin dalilin samuwar sabon darajar da kalma. Ga misali: kore - Evergreen, duniya - tiller, wutar lantarki - hydroelectric iko.

Duk da alaka da kalmomi, da umarnin da su Kalam, tare da nunawa derivational gida. A tushe na soket - da kokuwa (asali kalmar), daga wanda Kalam stemmings kafa. Misalai: raira waƙa - singer don raira waƙa - intonate - rera waka. haihuwa - shekaru - wanda aka rabu amfani - m. Derivational soket iya zama slaborazvernutym (biyu Kalam) da kuma silnorazvernutym (top da kuma a kan uku Kalam). An misali silnorazvernutogo jacks iya zama tushen kalmar da kalmar "gida": gidan, kadan gidan, domische, gidan, makwabtaka, gida, Thrifty, burglar, gida-tushen, rashin gida, kujera da dankalin turawa, iyali, homeowner, gida tattalin arziki, domostroj, gidaje yi, marayu, a madhouse.

Yanzu da ka san abin da tushen kalmar.