Sashe na jawabin: general morphological halaye da kuma gagarumin aikin kalmomi.

Kowace kalma a cikin Rasha harshen tana nufin duk wani bangare na jawabin. Dukan su suna harhada bisa ga wasu morphological halaye da kuma kowa nahawu ma'anar. Karkashin fahimtar nahawu ma'anar a kowa yana da bayanin irin kalma, wanda aka kawai a kaikaice alaka ta lexical fassarar. Alal misali, duk sunaye masu kama a cewa suna da wani darajar objectivity, amma numerals designate da lambar ko domin a lokacin da aka ci.

Ware raba (su ma kira notional) da kuma sabis sassa na magana.
A gagarumin, sabanin da ofishin, akwai amma a Generic darajar, lexical nasu.
Kawai sa, ma'anar lexical naúrar ne kullum bayyana bada shawarwari. Ko da idan muna magana ne game da Multi-mai daraja homonyms ko lexical raka'a a kai karanta ko ji gagarumin kalmar akwai wani image.

Independent kira wadannan sassa na magana, sunaye da manufofi da kuma magana da, da kuma, ba shakka, numerals. Suna adjoined fi'ilai (participles, gerunds) da kuma adverbs, da kuma wasu masana kimiyya sun kara da cewa wannan lambar category matsayi.

Aiki kalmomi ne semantically ba m, burin su - da magana game da dangantakar da ke tsakanin kalmomi a cikin sentences da phrases. Wadannan sun hada da kungiyoyin, barbashi kuma prepositions.

Rasha harshen darussa, kazalika a cikin tabbaci aikin dalibai nuna morphological analysis dukkan sassa na magana. Don daidai yi wadannan ayyuka bukatar san a matsayin jimlace darajar kowace kalma, da kuma da dama m (wajibi kasancewa) da kuma wadanda ba ãyõyinMu.

La'akari da su kowa morphological fasali.

Maras muhimmanci sassa na magana da na sacrament, misali, suna karkata, cewa fallasa su su inflection na harka. Har ila yau, suna da halin da nau'i-nau'i daga jinsi da kuma lambar:

Mafi yawan mutane (n. 2 gangara. A RP, jam'i) ya fi son ya dauki wani hutu a farko (L.Ƙid Ordinal a PP, MR, mufuradi) watan bazara.

Duk maganganu suna daya daga conjugations. M bayyanar cututtuka na kalmomi a samansu mataki, wani irin da miƙa mulki. Mood, shekara, jinsi, mutum kuma yawan maganganu suna ba ko da yaushe ba, amma kawai a wasu hanyoyi. Alal misali, mutum na iya ba za a ƙaddara a baya siga, da kuma category na lokaci da kanta ne kawai a cikin yanayin nuni :

Fara (fi'ili sov.v., koma na dan lokaci., Nepereh. 1 Ref., Yanayin nuni, proshed.vr., Edin.ch., f) a hadiri.

Yar bab da participle bai sauya ba a duk. Yar bab ya meaningfully sallame kuma, idan samu daga inganci na siffa, da mataki na kwatanta. A gerunds har yanzu wasu alamu na fi'ili: look, transitivity da reflexivity:

Tsaye (deepr., Canzawa., Nesov.v., Nepereh., Nevozvr.) Kusa da taga, ina hankali (hali., Canzawa., Yanayin operandi) ya dube wucewa.

Morphologic bincike na sama rabo nuna su immutability da kuma sallama meaningfully (barbashi ƙungiyoyi) da kuma asalin (prepositions):

Itacen ya yi girma ba (barbashi neg.,) A (uzuri neproizv.) Aljanna, kuma da (jam'iyya rubuce. Haramta.,) A.

A ƙarshe, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa tsananin morphological analysis ya shafi kayyade syntactic rawar da kalmomin a cikin jumla, wadda aka kuma samu daga nahawu ma'anar.