Mene ne etymological kamus? Tarihi da kuma etymological ƙamus

Dindindin ƙamus na Rasha harshen aikata harshe na alama da kuma aukaka. Ci gaba da sama da sabuwar kalmomi riga aka sani - su iya hankali canja da darajar, ba su sabon launin ma'anoni. Our jawabin - shi ne mai rai kwayoyin da cewa a hankali ya kawar daga kansa miyagun kuma m barbashi, zai kara sabon, sabo, da kuma dama kalmomi. Kuma zuwa ga fahimtar ma'anar sabon kalmomi, muna bukatar wani etymological kamus. Its aiki, tsarin da darajar da aka bayyana a kasa.

definition

Mene ne etymological kamus? A farko wuri zo damu tsoho dakunan karatu rufe a cobwebs folios. Amma yanzu godiya ga Internet etymological kamus na Rasha harshen ne samuwa da widest kewayon mutane. Za ka iya amfani da shi a kowane lokaci.

Amsar wannan tambaya na abin da etymological ƙamus da aka dauke a cikin definition. Wadannan kamus ayyana asalin da kuma tarihi na daban-daban kalmomi. Mutane da yawa kalmomi - maras Slavic asalin, su ainihin ma'anar ne wani lokacin nisa daga al'ada. Ko da kalmar "etymology" - na kasashen waje asali. Da kalmar da aka aro daga Girkanci harshe da kuma kunshi sassa biyu: a cikin translation etymos - nufin "gaskiya" logo - "kalma". A hade da wadannan biyu Concepts ne "gaskiya daga cikin kalmomi." A mere nadi ya ba da wani ra'ayin abin da etymology, da kuma cewa irin wannan wani etymological kamus. A general sharuddan, wannan kamus ne jerin kalmomin da na kasashen waje, ko Rasha asali, kowanne daga abin da na da tarihi da kuma fassarar.

History of etymology

Ƙoƙarin bayyana ma'anar kalmomin bayyana dogon kafin yaduwar rubuce-rubuce, mun ji ta fizge aiki Sumerian, Masar, Akkadian sages, a cikin abin da suka bayyana ma'anar kalmomin da mutuniyarsu harshen. Kuma a cikin waɗannan kwanaki akwai kalmomin da suke girmi mafi tsoho wayewar, asalin wanda yake iya zama unexplained.

A cikin ƙarni, harsuna, da kuma kasashe suna gauraye, tunawa da bace, tanadi rayuwa ga sabon kalmomi. Amma akwai ko da yaushe mutane suka tattara da tsira guda na magana da kokarin bayyana su. A farko etymological kamus hada da 'yan kalmomi da phrases. Daga baya, ƙamus kumbura, kuma kowane ɓangare na jawabin da aka zaba tasa irin fassarar mafarkin.

Rasha harshen kalmomi

A farko na aikin etymological kamus na Rasha harshen da aka saki a 1835. Amma tun kafin cewa ƙoƙarin bayyana ma'anar da kuma asalin kalmomi. Saboda haka, Lev Uspensky a da kyau kwarai littafin "The Tale of kalmomin" manyan jumlar Feofania Prokopovich cewa dokoki Dictionary - "Shin, lexicon" - aiki tukuru da kuma laborious. Ma kawai ya tattara dukan maganar da wallafe-wallafen harshen, raba da na kowa kalmomi daga takamaiman sharuddan yaruka, Govorkov - overwork. Duk da yake mutane da yawa masu goyon baya sun sa shekaru masu yawa na rayukansu domin tattara kalmomi na harshe a daya etymological kamus.

A farko kamus

Tarihi ya adana sunayen na farko masu goyon baya, haraji na Rasha kalmomi. Sun kasance FS Shimkevich, KF Reyff, MM Izyumov, N. V. Goryaev, A. N. Chudino da sauransu. A farko etymological kamus na Rasha harshen a cikin zamani nau'i zo a farkon karni na 20th. Its ƙãga shi ne wani rukuni na ilimin harsuna, masana kimiyya jagorancin Farfesa AG Transfiguration. Karkashin lakabi "The etymological kamus na Rasha harshen," ya sake buga shi sau da yawa, kamar yadda aka gyara. A karshe da aka sani edition Dates daga 1954 shekara.

A mafi kawo sunayensu etymological kamus harhada M. Fasmer. A farko littafin da aka buga a 1953. Duk da yawa da ilimin harsuna ayyukan wallafa Rasha, masana ilimin harsuna daga baya Fasmerovsky etymological kamus na Rasha harshen an dauki mafi tasiri bazawa na irin.

Ta yaya da nazarin Kalmar

A harshen kowace al'umma a duniya shi ne kamar kogi - shi ne kullum canja kuma shan a kan sabon siffofin. Kowannen mu lura da yadda hankali da magana da harshen ya hada da sabon, aro ko modified kalmomi da kuma dukan sentences. A lokaci guda mazan da ba safai ba-amfani Concepts tafi - "wanke fita" na harshe. Canja da form Shirin zanen kalmomi - wani lokacin tayi zama sauki, wani lokacin mutum ƙarin Tsarin cewa yin shi m da ma'ana.

fassarar kalmomi

Bayani na kalmomi - ba aiki mai sauki. mutum kalma binciken da shawara ba kawai a jerin da ya fassarori da suka gabata da kuma yanzu, amma neman tushen da irin wannan sauti ko kuskure kalmomi, ya duba zai yiwu hanyoyi don matsar da mutum sharuddan daga wannan harshe zuwa wani. A cikin tarihi canje-canje faruwa tare da daban-daban kalmomi na Rasha harshen, ya gaya tarihi da kuma etymological kamus. Yana mayar da hankali a kan yadda za a canza daban-daban ma'anonin wannan kalma a kan lokaci. Akwai kuma wani taƙaitaccen etymological kamus - shi yawanci nuna wani taƙaitaccen bayanin da kalma da kuma yiwuwar ta asali.

A 'yan misalai

Mene ne etymological ƙamus, bari mu yi la'akari da 'yan misalai. Kowa ya san kalmar "nema". Etymological kamus na Rasha harshen bayyana cewa ilimin harsuna naúrar yana Jamus asalinsu. Amma a cikin Jamus harshen da kalmar zo daga Latin. "Fita" wajen, a cikin harshen da tsoho Romawa. Kusan wannan ma'anar a haɗe zuwa da kalmar a cikin Jamus harshe. Amma na zamani Rasha harshen bada "entrant" sosai daban-daban ma'anar. Yau, da ake kira mutum mai shigowa mafi girma ilimi. Etymological ƙamus da kuma maki samu daga wannan kalmar - nema, abiturientsky. Nazarin ya nuna cewa m manufofi da kuma cognate kalmomi, da daga baya wannan rabe-naúrar shiga Rasha harshe. Haihuwa na Rasha "nema" bai faruwa a baya fiye da farkon na XIX karni.

Watakila wadanda kalmomi cewa mu yi amfani da su dauki Rasha, sun kasa ban sha'awa biography? A nan, misali, da saba da saba kalmar "diddige". Yana ba ya bukatar ya bayyana, shi ne samuwa a duk Slavic harsuna, da kuma same ta a zamanin d texts. Amma da tarihi na kalmar masana kimiyya binciken ya zuwa yanzu, da kuma a sarari ra'ayi game da asalin na "diddige" shi ne har yanzu akwai. Wasu samu shi daga kowa Slavic Tushen, "baka", wanda yake nufin "tanƙwara gwiwar hannu." Sauran malamai nace a kan Turkish version - a cikin harshen da Tatars da mangolawa "Ka'b" na nufin "diddigensa." Etymological kamus unbiased sakamakon a kan su shafukan biyu versions na asalin "diddige", da barin zabi ga masu karatu.

La'akari da wata saba kalma - "tsegumi." Saboda haka muke kira belun kunne da kuma scammers. A halin yanzu, da "Sneak" - da aka sani da la'ana, kuma duk da haka a lokacin da wani mutum-tsegumi zauna a girmamawa da kuma girma. Sai dai itace, kamar yadda a Rasha kira jama'a masu kara - a halin yanzu zauna da irin wannan matsayi masu kara. Kalma yana Norse asalin. Abin sha'awa, a cikin wasu Slavic harsuna (sai dai Rasha da kuma Ukrainian), shi ne ba a yi amfani.

sakamakon

Ma'ana etymological kamus overemphasized. Idan ka san fassarar wasu kalmomi, za ka iya samun sauƙin fahimtar duk nuances na ma'anarta. Etymological kamus zai sa mai karatu a mafi ilimi, kamar yadda shi ne sau da yawa daidai kuskure a Rasha tabbatar da zabin da cognate kalmomi. Bugu da kari, da Rasha harshen ne sosai m to da dama rance. Word of Jamus, English, French same shi a wani dan kadan modified tsari, da daidaitar wanda za a iya tabbatar da yin amfani da wannan kamus. Kada bukatar bayyana abin da ke nufin etymological ƙamus, dalibai na agaji jami'o'i, da 'yan jarida, fassara, malaman wallafe-wallafe. Dukan waɗanda suke fama da yin alaka da kalma. Domin su, da etymological kamus - wani muhimmanci kayan aiki a cikin aikin.