Morpheme - menene wannan? Morpheme - misalai

Lalle ne kowane dalibi fuskanci wannan definition, kamar yadda wani morpheme. Wannan ra'ayi ne quite a hankali alaka da abun da ke ciki na kalmomi da ilmi taimaka cika morphemic analysis. Bari mu magana game da abin da shi ne. Za mu fahimci kuma ma ga cewa irin wannan morphemic analysis.

Mene ne morpheme?

Morpheme - ne kalla mahimmin juzu'in da kalmar. A karo na farko ajalin da aka buga ta shahara masanin kimiyya Baduenom de Courtenay har yanzu a tsakiyar XIX karni da kuma ake amfani a harsuna, har yanzu.

All kalmomi ana yi sama da morphemes. Su - ginin tubalan cewa yin up kalmomi. Kowane abun ya na da muhimmancin da kuma rawa. Wadannan iri morphemes: m, kuma tilas ba ne. Tabbata a ko da yaushe ba a cikin kalmar da ake kira da tushen. ZABI iya duka biyu zama wani ɓangare na alama, kuma kada su shiga birni. Wadannan morphemes kira affixes. Bari mu bincika kowane irin dabam.

ake bukata morpheme

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, m morpheme a Rasha harshen daya kawai, kuma shi ne ake kira da tushen. Akwai wata kalmar da zai wanzu ba tare da wannan morpheme. Kalmomi ba tare da tushen (togiya - wasu karin sassan magana) ba ya nan a Rasha harshe.

Shi ne mai babbar, kamar yadda yana da babban lexical ma'anar. Alal misali, alama katako, gandun daji, forester kunshi guda tushen - itace. Duk wadannan kalmomi da irin wannan darajar dangantaka da gandun daji. Abinda - su da bambanci a tabarau. Saboda haka, gandun daji - wani sarari rufe da itatuwa. Forest - alaka da gandun daji. forester - wani mutum wanda aka tsarħwa shi.

A fili kalmomi da mahara Tushen, misali, a cikin kalma svetloliky biyu Tushen - haske da fuska. Kada ka manta game parsing kalmomi. Amma, hadaddun kalmomin da biyu Tushen, a wasu lokuta, na iya faruwa tare da manyan sa na kalmomi.

tilas morpheme

ZABI morpheme Rasha harshen - affixes. Daga cikin su akwai wadannan:

• prefix ko kari kafin kalma.
• wani kari na baya baki ko suffixes.
• lankwashewa ko ƙulli.
• interfiksy.

Suna iya zama ba a cikin kalma ko ba. Bugu da kari, kowane sabon tilas morpheme ya ba shi wani sabon ma'anar.

A farko iri biyu morphemes kai lexical da nahawu ma'anar. Lankwashewa da aka bayyana, kawai nahawu ma'anar kalmar. Ko sifili, wato, da ciwon ba sauti magana, karshen nuna abin da nahawu ma'anar ne alama.

Prefix da postfix

Bari mu fara da waɗanda morpheme, wanda ba sabon lexical da nahawu nuances.

Kari kafin kalma an ko da yaushe located a farkon kalma da kuma canza da darajar. A cikin Rasha da harshen, akwai game da 70 kari kafin kalma. Mafi yawansu ba su kafa ta prepositions. A makaranta, suna sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin sa-kai kwalaye. Kowane wasan bidiyo na da darajar da musanya nuance na magana. Alal misali, tafi - tafi wani wuri. kõra - kusa da wani abu.

Wannan ya canza da lexical ma'anar kalmar, amma kashi na magana zuwa wanda shi ne ke da, ya zauna canzawa.

Postfix ko da yaushe dake tsakanin tushen da inflection (idan ta ne a kalma). Kuma sunã bautã wa ba kawai ta samar da wani sabon darajar, amma kuma ta samar da wani sabon bangare na jawabin. Saboda haka, da kari na baya baki -n- daga suna da siffa gandun daji dazuzzuka murna.

Wasu suffixes samar da wata sabuwar connotation. Saboda haka, akwai gajeren suffixes, kamar: -ushk-, -chik-, -ochk- da sauransu. Tare da wadannan Alamu suna kafa tare da wani sabon tint darajar. Ga misali: kunne - da kunne, da yatsa - yatsa, kwandon - kwandon.

The kalmar na iya zama 'yan kari kafin kalma da suffixes. A duk ya dogara da tsarin da alama kuma da darajar. Saboda haka, yin bincike na morphemes kalmomi, ya kamata ka biya na musamman da hankali ga wannan.

Interfiksy

Wadannan morphemes bauta wa danganta mahara tushen a fili kalmomi. Alal misali, kalmar idler kunshi biyu kalmomi - goshi da girgiza. Suna nasaba interfiksom -o-. Interfiksy ba ko da yaushe sanar a makaranta, sau da yawa da suka suna kira ne kawai a makarantar sakandare, sa'an nan a taƙaice.

wata kalma

Koyo da cewa morpheme - wani gagarumin rabo daga alama, ya kamata mu tuna da abu guda mafi muhimmanci part - tushen. Wannan shi ne wani marar sakewa ɓangare na kalmar, cewa shi ne wani ɓangare daga gare shi ba tare da kawo karshen. A tushe ƙunshi asali lexical ma'anar da kuma na iya kunshi daya kawai tushen ko da tushen da kuma sa (affixes). Fi'ili tushe iya katse karshen, idan akwai wani postfix-Xia ko -S. Alal misali, a cikin kalma sayi tsarin za a katse da kuma karshen kama wani buy-da-zango.

lankwashewa

Wadannan morphemes ana amfani da su bayyana nau'in ma'anar. A manhaja aka kira su endings. Tare da su taimako a tsare nahawu ma'anar. Sunaye ne jinsi, yawan da harka. Lankwashewa ne ba a dukkan sassa na magana fãce marar sakewa, kamar adverbs, conjunctions, wani uzuri. A cikin wadannan sassa na magana ba su tsaya a waje. A duk sauran sassan magana a cikin rashi na karshen shi aka dauka a matsayin sifili.

Alal misali, kalmar nan zai zama sifili katako karshen, katako karshen a cikin kalma za a kayyade. A wannan yanayin, da ƙarewa na kalmar zai bayyana cewa wannan suna nufin da jam'i, kuma shi ne a cikin nominative hali.

Morphemic bincike na kalmomi

Saboda haka, za mu gano cewa, da morpheme - ne kalla mahimmin juzu'in da alama. Yanzu bari mu magana game da morphemic parsing. Domin yadda ya kamata sa morphemic analysis, dole ne ka bi da wadannan dokoki.

1. Da farko, za mu duba alama dakatar daga shawara ko da rubutu a cikin irin a cikinsa shi ne, akwai.

2. Ƙayyade da wani ɓangare na magana, kuma ko da shi dabam. Idan eh, je zuwa Mataki 3, idan ba - to Mataki na 4.

3. Nemi ƙarewa. Domin wannan baka a kan iznin ko hali, lambar. The m part zai ƙare.

4. Select da tushe. Tushen - shi ke kalma ba tare da karshen.

5. Nemi tushen. Don yin wannan, zaɓi cognates daga sassa daban daban na kalma.

6. Zaži sa-kai akwatin, wanda tsaye a gaban tushen.

7. Zaži suffixes. Don yin wannan, zaɓi kalma da irin wannan suffixes, amma daban-daban asalinsu. Kasance da sanin cewa wasu kalmomi iya samun mahara kari kafin kalma da suffixes. Alal misali, mafi m kalma yana da biyu haše-haše: pre-ba-kyau. Kuma kalmar mafarkin uku kari na baya baki: Dream-a-Tel maths.

Wannan duka bincike na abun da ke ciki.

MISALI morphemic analysis

Bari mu dubi daya kalma, don haka ba za ka iya ganin manufa na morphemic bincike da kuma haddace da jerin ayyuka. Auna da shawara: "Ina da ba gani da tsohon mutumin."

1. Shin, rubuta kalmar "haihuwa."

2. ki tsohon mutum, tsohon mutum - a suna canje-canje.

3. ki sake: tsohon mutum, tsohon mutum, tsohon maza, karshen tsohuwar mutum kalmomi - wani.

4. jefar karshen. Base - wani tsohon mutum.

5. Karba Alamu wannan tushen: tsufa, yana da shekaru - haihuwa asalinsu.

6. Ba mu da wani abu a gaban tushen, sa'an nan da prefix na kalmar ba.

7. Karba kalmomin da kari na baya baki -ik-, idan wani. Man, hanci - kari na baya baki - uk.

Kamar yadda ka gani, kome wuya a bincike na kalmar ba. Babban abu yi tsananin bi algorithm, don haka kamar yadda ba su rasa da kuma duk abin da ya daidai gane da kuma fahimtar abin morpheme. Misalan daban-daban morphemes kamata kuma koyi to zabi daidai.

Idan kun yi shakka da daidaitar da bincike, za ka iya ko da yaushe sami morphemic kamus na Rasha harshen da kuma duba shi daga duk wani morpheme ne musamman kalma, daidai yadda aka kafa. Za ka iya amfani da kamus karkashin editorship Potihi Z. A. ko Tihonova A. N.

Saboda haka, muna koya cewa morpheme - ne kalla mahimmin juzu'in da kalmar, sun ƙaddara abin ne morpheme kuma yi magana game da kowane daga cikinsu. Har ila yau samu daga yadda za a yi morphemic bincike na kalmomi da kuma ganin wani misali na wannan bincike. Tunãtar kamus cewa zai iya taimaka maka tabbatar da cewa parsing kalmomi. Da fatan, da labarin da aka amfani a gare ku.