Moscow a duniya kudi na tsakiya. Rating duniya ta cibiyoyinsu

Shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa mafi yawan kasashen waje musayar ma'amaloli a duniya da aka yi, ta hanyar wani na musamman banki da kuma sauran daban-daban kasuwanci kamfanoni. Shi ne ta hanyar su ne babbar tsabar kudi gudana zuwa ga tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali ba kawai na Amurka a matsayin dukan, amma kuma ga mutane musamman. Duk wani zamani kudi na duniya cibiyar - wani wuri inda ma'amaloli suna da za'ayi a kan biliyoyin. A wannan labarin, za mu tattauna a daki-daki, duk siffofin da wadannan "zinariya jijiyoyinmu".

definition

Da farko, za mu lura cewa World Financial Center - batu na maida hankali ne daban-daban bankuna, kudi da kuma bashi cibiyoyin cewa gudanar da hada-hadar kudi, bashi, kasashen waje musayar ma'amaloli, kazalika da aiki da zinariya da Securities.

Kafin yakin duniya na farko da aka dauke da karfi kudi na tsakiya na London, wanda a wancan lokacin shi ne Makka na Turai jari hujja. Duk da haka, bayan karshen yaki dabino intercepted da United States of America, da kuma riga tun shekarar 1960 da Amurka matsayin da aka zafin tun kafa sabon cibiyoyin a Japan da kuma yammacin Turai.

wasu bayanai

Kowane Duniya Financial Center ne kasuwar inji na kasa da kasa da muhimmancin, rayayye manajan tsabar kudi kwarara. Don kwanan wata, Tarayyar Turai 'yan ƙẽƙashe da wuri da kuma zama kasa dogara a kan Amurka, wanda a yarda London sake samu wani rinjaye matsayi a kan Turai nahiyar.

All duniya kudi gudana matsawa tare don haka ya kira tashar, ciki har da:

• kula da tallace-tallace da kuma ayyuka da ma'amaloli.
• Harkar Kuɗi da bashi da sabis.
• jiko na zuba jari a ajali kuma zagawa da babban birnin kasar.
• Aiki da Securities.
• da canji na wani ɓangare na kasa samun kudin shiga ta hanyar da kasafin kudin a cikin nau'i na taimako ga kasashe masu tasowa daban-daban.

Mafi na Best

Rating duniya ta kudi cibiyar a shekara ta 2016 ne kamar haka:

1. London.
2. New York.
3. Singapore.
4. Hong Kong.
5. Tokyo.
6. Zurich.
7. Washington.
8. San Francisco.
9. Boston.
10. Toronto.

Kowace daga cikin wadannan ƙattin na kudi na duniya tsarin cancanci a duba dabam.

Canada mu'ujiza

Toronto ne mafi girma a birnin a cikin Canada da kuma, bi-biye, Gudanarwa cibiyar lardin Ontario. A kudi gundumar na kasar jiki ne sosai densely gina kasuwanci gundumomi, a cikin abin da "quartered" m bankuna, da shugaban ofishin mafi girma a kamfanoni, lissafin kudi da kuma dokar kamfanonin, Brokerage kamfanonin.

Babban garin Massachusetts

Boston - mafi girma a shiri Amurka a yankin, kira a matsayin New England, mafi tsufa da kuma arziki birni a kasar.

Daga cikin babban sassa na tattalin arzikin na Boston ya kamata sun hada da inshora, banki da kuma kudi. A birni ne aminci zuba jari hedkwatar, Mamallaki Bank da kuma jihar Street Corporation.

A haifuwa daga Silicon Valley

San Francisco - wani gari tare da wani hanzari girma tattalin arzikin, wanda aka fi mayar da tabbatar da kasancewar duniya cibiyar na kyau ba kawai a duniya da kudi, amma kuma a cikin masana'antu na fasahar binciken halittu da kuma biomedicine.

Kananan gari kasuwanci, da Hukumar goyon wani gangamin kula da rabo daga kananan kasuwanci. Saboda wannan, da City Majalisar aka tilasta don gabatar hani a kan yankunan da a da shi ne zai yiwu don gina manyan kantunan. Wannan dabarun da goyan bayan da jama'a na wani megacity, to zabe domin shigarwa cikin karfi na hane-hane.

An muhimmin batu: da kananan kamfanoni, da jihar ba ya wuce goma mutane yin up game da 85% na dukan data kasance Enterprises a cikin birnin.

American babban birnin kasar

Washington - shi ne na farko, kuma farkon wani wuri inda mai karfi da most yawan jihar manajoji da ma'aikatan da hannu a cikin sabis na kansu.

Mutane da yawa da kamfanoni, masu zaman kansu kwangila, kungiyar agaji kungiyoyin, ungiyoyin harkokin kasuwanci ayan zauna kusa da Washington, ko kai tsaye a cikinsa zuwa ga mafi yadda ya kamata lobby domin maslahar su, kasancewa kusa yadda ya kamata zuwa ga gwamnatin tarayya.

A Washington, da gida na biyu daga cikin duniya mafi girma a kamfanoni cikin sharuddan su samun kudin shiga: hukumar da yake bayar da jinginar gida - Fannie Mae (shekara-shekara yawa na $ biliyan 29, 270-th wuri a duniya ranking), kazalika da Amurka City Service (68 dala biliyan 92 th wuri).

Turai cibiyar

Zurich - birnin da hannu game da 208.000 mutane a cikin kudi kansu. Wannan adadi ne ba abin mamaki ba, saboda kudi - kusan babban riba tattalin arziki kansu cikin Switzerland. Daya daga cikin biyar jobs a kasar saboda da tsabar kudi da albarkatun.

Abin lura shi ne cewa a lokacin da 2008 rikicin , da karaya na banki tsarin a cikin wannan kananan kasashen Turai bai faru ba. Zurich ya iya seamlessly wuce duk da hadari na tattalin arziki na duniya hadari, wanda lalle yana sanya shi a cikin mafi m haske a kan ta fafatawa a gasa a duniya mataki.

A Japan babban birnin kasar

Tokyo - wani gari a cikin abin da stock musayar da aka bude a 1878. Duk da haka, domin a shekara ɗari, birnin da aka ba wani ɓangare na wani Gungu na kasa da kasa cibiyoyinsu. The al'amari ne da cewa shi ne kawai 'yan dalilai:

• Japan ta kudi kasuwanni ba su dogara a kan kasuwar da sojojin da kuma a kan manufofin gwamnati, wanda ya ko da yaushe aka mayar da hankali a kan kudurin da matsaloli na musamman na kasa da tattalin arziki.
• A cikin tsawon 1950-60-ies Japan da aka tsunduma a shigo da babban birnin kasar.
• Harkokin waje kudi cibiyoyin bai yi jihãdi fadada su gudanar a cikin wannan kasuwar saboda tsananin gwamnatin tsari.

A ake kira "mai buga" na 1974 kara kuzari da Japan gwamnati domin kara jimlar kudin kawo jihar ta tattalin arzikin daga cikin rikicin. A yawan matakai kasar jagoranci ya kai ga cewa a Japan bude kofofin ta ga kasashen waje bankuna da kuma kamfanonin fatauci a Securities. Wannan, bi da bi, ya bayar da gudunmawar da gabatarwar a walwa tsarin ma'amaloli a shekarar 1983, kamar yadda wani teku banki kasuwanni da aka halitta, kuma a shekarar 1987 ya fara ƙarshe na kudi shirye-shirye don takamaiman lokaci.

A sakamakon wannan tattalin arziki mu'ujiza ya kai ga Tokyo yau - a duniya kudi na tsakiya, wanda yana da mafi gasa.

Jagoran tattalin arziki da 'yanci

Hong Kong, kamar sauran sabon duniya cibiyoyinsu - birnin musamman fasali. Kafofin watsa labarai ba su biya yawa da hankali ga shi, amma idan sun ce, shi ne kawai a hanya mai kayu, ya kira shi ba kawai a matsayin lu'u-lu'u na Gabas, birnin na nan gaba, da birnin labari, da sauransu. D.

Hong Kong for 18 a jere shekaru, shi ne wani shugaba a tattalin arziki da 'yanci. Tare da GDP da capita na 36.796 daloli. Bugu da kari, cibiyar ne shugaba a cikin yawan billionaires - 40 mutane.

Hong Kong ne bankunan da kuma masu zuba jari daban-daban mafi kyau duka yanayi na ci gaba da cewa an sanya yiwu by:

• yanzu ma'aunansa na dokokin da cewa kare dukiyar ilimi, da kayayyaki da kuma pirated kayayyakin daga kayayyakin na jabu.
• qananan hani a cikin kudi da banki ayyukan;
• bayar a gwamnati matakin tabbacin;
• da zaman lafiyar na ta kudin.
• marar ƙarfi matakin na kumbura.
• Availability da namu kasa da kasa sulhu.
• kusanci zuwa Asiya, kunno kai kasashen da kuma kasuwanni.
• samuwar sosai gwani ma'aikatan da suka yi magana Turanci.

Asian Titan

Singapore tsakanin 1968 da kuma 1985 ba da wani gagarumin gasa a yankin, wanda ya bayar da gudunmawar da ta ci gaba a hanyoyi da yawa. Yau, a duniya, most cibiyoyinsu na duniya ne mai wuya ba tare da wannan jiha.

Singapore - a kasar tare da m fasahar da wani karfi tattalin arzikin. A ci gaba da kudi na tsakiya shi ne ba na karshe rawar da aka buga ta Magance hukumomi. Har ila yau, a Singapore, daya daga cikin mafi girma da} asashensu, a cikin duniya.

A kasar ne m wa masu zuba jari saboda musamman low haraji rates. A jihar kawai biyar haraji, ciki har da a samun kudin shiga da kuma albashi haraji.

Na shigo da kaya kawai hudu ne mai haraji a lokacin shigo: Duk wani sayar da giya, taba kayayyakin, Motoci, man fetur kayayyakin.

Amurka babban birnin kasar kasuwar cibiyar

New York - na biyu a duniya ranking na cibiyoyinsu. Babban lokaci na da samuwar ya faru a cikin shekaru 1914-1945. Kullum talakawan waje musayar kasuwa na birnin ne game da $ 200 biliyan.

New York babban birnin kasar kasuwa yana da wadannan siffofin:

• Ga duk babbar zuba jari cibiyoyin duniya: Sulemanu Brothers, na Merrill Linch, Goldmen Sacns, Shearson na Lehman, First The Boston, Morgan Stanley, wanda da tabbacin jeri na daban-daban Securities a cikin primary kasuwar.
• A sakandare kasuwar ne mafi muhimmanci ciniki hannun jari domin su babban size.
• Kasashe masu tasowa da quite da dama mai iyaka ga New York babban birnin kasar kasuwanni, saboda tsananin bukatun na SEC.

mika wuyansu karva

Duk duniya ta manyan cibiyoyinsu wanzuwa su shugaban - London. Birtaniya babban birnin kasar ya lashe yaƙi na farko matsayi ne sun fi mayar saboda da m dokokin.

Kusan 80% na zuba jari banki aiki, kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, ta hanyar gudana London, don haka birnin ne gaskiya ranked farko cikin dukan cibiyoyinsu a duniya.

City of London mallaki 70% na sakandare kasuwar na shaidu da kuma kusan 50% na Kalam kasuwar. Bugu da kari, babban birni na Albion aka rayayye fatauci kasashen waje ago. Wannan kasuwar kashi ne na girma kowace shekara ta 30%. Game da 80% na Turai ta shinge kudi ana gudanar daga London.

A general, duniya cibiyoyinsu (London - shi ne ba togiya) an ilmi na kasa da kasa da zuba jari ma'aji, m sadarwa na cibiyar sadarwa, wajen m dokokin tsarin.

Rasha al'amudin

Yau Moscow - Duniya Financial Center, wanda shi ne low isa a duniya martaba (75th wuri). All laifi na dukan fanni na matsaloli da cewa hana fari dutse Yunƙurin sama, wanda yake fushi:

• Rashin cikakken tasoshin. The abu ne cewa Rasha mahukunta ba su da cikakken sani game da kudi makircinsu, kuma ciniki a kan Exchange, kuma ba su da ikon kawo a kan al'amurran da suka shafi na kotuna. Wannan shi ne saboda kudi ma'amaloli musayar bai bayyana a cikin Rasha Federation dokokin.
• Babban haraji. A lokacin mu a New York, London, Singapore, akwai na musamman haraji rates a kan albashi da 16,5%. Rasha a kan wannan zauna kawai mafarki na.
• A rashin wani kudi kayan aiki don kare masu zuba jari da kaifi drop a cikin darajar hannun jari a cikin su talatin da rana lokacin bayan sayan.
• A manyan yawan jan ake bukata da kuma rashin kwararrun financiers.

Duk da haka, kasar ta jagoranci bayar da tsare-tsaren na Moscow ta kau da matakin na ainihin iko kudi na tsakiya a shekarar 2020, wanda zai zama quite m, a tsakiyarsa.