Musulmi nawa ne suke zaune a Rasha?

Idan muka yi magana game da Moscow, to, ana iya samo wani dan kabilar gabas kusan kowane mataki, kuma dan Rasha na yanzu ya ɗauka shi Musulmai. A mafi yawan lokuta wannan shi ne yanayin. Amma menene lambobin sun ce? Musulmai nawa ne a Rasha?

Tarihin Islama

Sabon addini ya tashi a cikin wani lokaci mai wuya a tarihin Gabas ta Tsakiya. A ko'ina akwai yunkuri na gaba ga iko, bautar gumaka, al'adun lalata. Kusan a cikin 610 AD, bisa ga al'adar, Muhammadu mai shekaru arba'in (Muhammad) ya karbi wahayi daga mala'ika Jibril a kusa Makka. Wannan shi ne farkon jerin sakonni daga sama, wanda aka sanya wa annabin da aka zaba domin shekaru 22 har mutuwarsa a 632. Da farko an tsare su a kan magana, to, mabiyan Muhammad sun tattara dukan maganganunsu a cikin wani littafi, wanda aka sani da Kur'ani.

Ɗaya daga cikin asali na sabon addini shine kadaitaccen addini kamar yadda ya saba da shirka a wannan lokacin. Muhammadu ya tsarkake Kaba, babban masallacin Larabawa kusa Makka daga gumakan arna, kuma ya mayar da shi a haikalin Allah. Kodayake irin wannan canji na addini bai wuce ba tare da juriya, sabon rukunan nan da nan ya sami mabiyan da yawa.

Babban koyarwar

Ainihin akidar Musulunci - wani m tauhidi - a taƙaice bayyana a cikin Shahada, ko aqidar, wanda kowane musulmi ya sani da zuciya: "Bãbu abin bautãwa, fãce Allah, kuma Muhammad - Manzon Allah." A wasu hudu ginshiƙai Musulunci - ne addu'a sau biyar a rana (Namaz), dauri kayan agaji ga matalauta (zakka), azumi a lokacin festive watan Ramadan (Saum), aikin hajji a Makka (Hajj).

Musulmi nawa a duniya

Godiya ga soja, siyasa da tattalin arziki da dalilai, Musulunci ya zama yanzu a duniya addini. Muminai kansu sunyi la'akari da wannan shine jagoran Allah kuma suna tabbatar da cewa addini ne na gaskiya. Musulunci yana kawo yawan mutane ba kawai sababbin ka'idodi da hadisai ba, amma, na farko, wata sabuwar hanya ta tunani.

Musulmi nawa ne a duniya? Wannan tambaya ita ce mai sauƙi, amma amsar ita ce mawuyacin hali. Abubuwan da aka kwatanta sune: daga mutane 1.3 zuwa 1.8. Idan da al'ummar duniya ta shekara ta 2015, kusan kai 8 biliyan, da mabiya addinin Mohammed ne daga 16 zuwa 22%. Kuma wannan shi ne quite babban adadin. Ko da yake a ko'ina cikin duniya, mabiyan Islama sun warwatse marasa bangaskiya. Akwai kasashe da suke kusan dukkanin Musulmi, a wasu akwai kananan ƙananan al'ummomi.

A cewar wasu rahotanni, da Musulmi rayuwa a cikin fiye da 197 a} asashen duniya. A cikin 39 daga cikin su, sun zama mafi rinjaye a cikin dukan jama'a (fiye da 80%). Kuma a cikin wasu jihohi 28, Musulunci shine addini na biyu ko na uku mafi girma. Ciki har da jihohi 13 da ke tattare da Musulmai sun bambanta daga 50% zuwa 79%, kuma a cikin wasu 15 - daga 20 zuwa 49%. A cewar kididdiga, a cikin sauran kasashe 33, akwai tsakanin 5% da 19% na masu bi da Musulunci. Ƙananan lambobi (daga 1% zuwa 4%) suna zaune a ƙasashe 40, kuma quite a bit - kasa da 1% - a kasashe 57. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin kasashe 28, an ba Musulunci matsayin matsayin addini. Idan irin waɗannan lambobi sun dogara, wannan addinin yana da matsayi na biyu a duniya dangane da yawan mutanen da sukayi la'akari da kansu.

Shugaban cikin yawan mazauna Musulmi shine Indonesia. Sa'an nan a cikin tsari mai saukowa shine Indiya, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Najeriya, Misira, Iran, Habasha, Turkey, Aljeriya. A cikin waɗannan ƙasashe suna rayuwa ne daga "222 zuwa 36" masu aminci ". Ina RF yake a wannan jerin?

Musulmi nawa a Rasha

Ƙasar Rasha ta zama wurin 21 na wannan jerin. Rahotanan shekarar 2010 ya nuna cewa adadin Musulmai a Rasha shine miliyan 15. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, a shekarar 2013, lamarin ya karu, kuma ya kai miliyan 18 zuwa 21. Kodayake baya a shekarar 2000, daga bakin Jami'an Rasha, mutum sau da yawa yakan ji maganar: "Muna da Musulmai miliyan ashirin a kasarmu." Me yasa irin wannan bambanci a lambobi? Musulmai nawa ne suke zaune a Rasha?

Yawancin "masu aminci" ba su da rajistar a Rasha, tun da yake su baƙi ne kuma ba su tsaya a ko'ina a cikin rijistar ba, ko da yake suna zaune a kan iyakar kasar. Wasu rahotanni suna la'akari da waɗannan mazauna. A kowane hali, yawancin su ma'aikata ne wadanda suka zo wata guda ko biyu, kuma ko da suna da rajista na wucin gadi, ko ya kamata a dauki su a matsayin Musulmai na Rasha, wannan tambaya tana da rikici.

Idan muka fara daga kimanin miliyan 21 (kimanin adadin adadin addinin musulunci a shekarar 2013) da kuma miliyan 146 (yawan mutanen Rasha a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2015), to zamu iya lissafin adadin yawan Musulmi a Rasha. Sai dai itace 14%. Sai dai ya nuna cewa al'ummar Rasha ta kasance 'yan tsiraru masu rinjaye a jihar.

Idan bayanan sun dogara ne, to shekaru uku (2010-2013), yawan al'ummar Musulmin Rasha sun karu da miliyan 3-6. Irin wannan ci gaba mai sauri ne saboda dalilan da yawa. Na farko, irin wannan hijirar. Bugu da ƙari, ga ma'aikata na zamani, mutane da yawa sun koma wurin zama na zama daga Kazakhstan da Azerbaijan. Na biyu, da haihuwa kudi a Muslim iyalai al'ada fi a Rasha. Abu na uku, mutane da yawa na Rasha sun yarda da Islama. A bayyane yake, irin wadannan matsalolin za su ci gaba da kiyaye su a nan gaba, kuma yawan Musulmai a Rasha zasu kara girma.

Ƙungiyar Musulmi ta Rasha

Idan ba ku kula da yawan al'ummar Azerbaijan, Kazakh, Abkhazia, Tajiks, Turkmens, Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, waɗanda ke da matsayin kansu ba kuma suna magana ne kawai game da waɗannan al'ummomin da ke zaune a yankin na Rasha a matsayin ɓangare na jihohi na kasa, . Idan muka lissafa su, su ne Tatars, Bashkirs, Chechens, Ingush, Karachais, Balkars, Avars, Dargins, Kumyks, Lezgins, Laks, Tabasarans, Nogais, Kabarin da sauransu. Lambobin Tatar miliyan 7, Bashkir 1.7 miliyan, Chechens miliyan 1.4. Kusan dukkan mutanen da aka ambata a sama sun kasance musulmi 100%. Alal misali, a cikin Tatars, 98% suna farkawa addinin Muhammadu. Saboda haka, wani lokacin yawan adadin musulmai a Rasha an ƙaddara ta ƙari ga yawan jama'ar dukan mutanen musulmi. Tabbas, irin wannan lissafi na iya ba da alamomi, saboda a cikin waɗanda aka haifa a ƙarƙashin alamar ƙofar, akwai tuba a baya suka tuba zuwa Kristanci. Kodayake, a gaskiya, ya kamata a lura cewa yawancin wadanda basu da yawa.

Kalmomin Islama a Rasha

Musulunci yana da muhimmiyar mahimmanci: Sunnis (wanda shine mafi rinjaye a dukan duniya, kuma a Rasha musamman) da Shi'a. Yawanci, Shi'a sune Musulmi a kudancin Dagestan da Azerbaijan da suke zaune a Rasha.

Halin da Rasha ta yi ga Musulmai

Idan yayi magana a matsayin cikakke, a cikin mafi rinjaye shi ne mummunar. Dalilin shi ne bangare nawa Musulmi a Rasha. Adadin su, wanda ke karuwa a kowace rana, alamar da yawa. Amma na farko, rarrabuwar rarrabe a kan addini, saboda Rasha ta kasance mai karfi na Orthodoxy, kuma Rasha ta dauki addinin kiristanci. Har ila yau, magoya bayan kafofin watsa labarun sukan gano musulmi tare da 'yan ta'adda da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, kuma hakan yana taso da tsoro ga dukan mutanen gabas. Kodayake waɗannan abubuwa kawai ne kawai.

Don haka, babu wata amsa mai ban mamaki game da yawan musulmai da yawa a Rasha, amma yawancin abubuwan da ke cikin gaskiya sun nuna mutane miliyan 21.