Nabokov, Vladimir Vladimirovich: kerawa da kuma a takaice biography na Nabokov

A mayar da hankali na wannan labarin zai zama wani taƙaitaccen biography of Nabokov, Rasha da kuma mawallafi, da wallafe-wallafen sukar lamiri da kuma entomologist. A cikin adabi na karni na 20th, wannan marubuci yana da wani wuri na musamman a cikin na farko wuri saboda Nabokov rubuta a cikin harsuna biyu - Rasha da kuma Turanci. Ya zama classic biyu Rasha da kuma wallafe-wallafen Amirka, Ya halitta yawa ayyuka a daban-daban nau'o'i.

Bugu da kari, marubucin Nabokov zama kawai a Amurka. A Rasha an buga shi kafin hijira karkashin pseudonym Vladimir Sīrīn. Duk da bambance-bambance marubuci na littattafai, Nabokov ta aiki ne halin kirki da kuma hadin kan m hangen zaman gaba.

yara

Taqaitaccen Tarihin Nabokov fara Afrilu 24, 1899, a St. Petersburg. Cewa wannan rana, nan gaba marubuci da aka haife. Mahaifinsa hereditary bafadan, wani shahararren dan siyasa da kuma lauya-m. A marubuci uwa, Helena, ya zo daga wani irin Gold Rukavishnikov. Ƙananan yara, Vladimir da aka gudanar a St. Petersburg, da iyali bar ga bazara estate na baht.

Jimawa kafin Oktoba juyin juya halin Nabokov kammala karatunsa Tenishev School da karrama, ba kawai academically, amma kuma a cikin wasanni.

ƙaura

Taqaitaccen Tarihin Nabokov ci gaba a 1918, a lokacin da shi da iyalinsa gudanar da Crimea, sa'an nan, a shekara daga baya, da barin Rasha har abada. Nabokovs zauna a Berlin. Ga Vladimir Vladimirovich tafi Cambridge University da kuma kammala a 1922.

Bayan karatu Nabokov daga 1922 zuwa 1937 ya rayu a Berlin, sa'an nan ya koma Faransa. Duk da haka, da ya kashe shekaru biyu da kuma a 1940, tare da matarsa da dansa, wanda daga baya ya zama wani mawaki na wasar kwaikwayo ta waka a Milan, a fadin Atlantic, zaunar a Amurka, inda ya ciyar da shekaru 20 masu zuwa. Akwai ya na da hannu a cikin rubuce-rubuce da kuma sanar da Rasha da kuma kasashen waje adabi, na Jami'ar Cornell. Saboda haka, arziki crossings Nabokova biography.

A takaice daga cikin kwanakin za a iya supplemented da 1945, lokacin da marubuci ya zama wani Ba'amurke. A Amurka, da marubuci ne kuma sananne a matsayin entomologist. Interest a tattara malam, Nabokov ya muhimmi a cikin yara.

Rasha a cikin ayyukan Nabokov

Taqaitaccen Tarihin Nabokov ya ce a 1959, marubucin ya kõmo zuwa Turai. Nan ya zauna a Switzerland, inda ya zauna har rasuwarsa.

Nabokov sauri shagaltar da wani matsayi na musamman a cikin da'ira a Paris da Berlin wallafe-wallafen sassan duniya. Wannan shi ne yafi saboda gaskiyar cewa Rasha, Vladimir Vladimirovich ne gaba daya daban-daban daga daya cewa Zagayawar Bunin, Zaitsev. Shmelev da Kuprin.

A Rasha, Nabokov ba recognizable birane ko kauyuka. Ya haruffa ba hali na Rasha adabi, su ba za a iya dangana ga wani aji. Mene ne abin mamaki bane, amma ba a Nabokov ayyukan da nuni na Oktoba juyin juya halin, wanda kife duk da saba rayuwa na Rasha nobility.

A cikin ayyukan Rasha marubuci ya bayyana a matsayin siffar wani rasa yara. Nabokov ba shi da wani laifi, kuma wani jitu duniya. A idyllic duniya na farin ciki da ni'ima. Ya ba shi da wani lalacewa, babu zafi, babu datti. Domin Nabokov, duniya na mahaifarsa bayyana daskarewa a cikin kyakkyawa da yawa.

Aiki a Rasha

Brief biography Nabokova V. V. ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da kimantawa da aikinsa. A marubuci kansa ya dauki mafi muhimmanci abin yabo daga cikin ayyukansa m harshe. Wannan ya shafi duka biyu don ta Rasha da kuma kasashen waje aiki. Duk da haka, wani impeccable da Turanci da ake bukata da Nabokov ta tsananin kokarin, saboda ya kadai rubuta na dogon lokaci a cikin yarensu. Mastering wani harshe taimake Nabokov ba kawai a cikin abun da ke ciki na ayyukan da ya yi, amma kuma a cikin translation na gargajiya Rasha adabi (Lermontov, Pushkin, Tiutchev).

Duk da haka, Nabokov ayyukan cikin harsuna daban daban ne sosai daban-daban daga juna. Saboda haka, domin ta Rasha-harshen litattafan an halin da wadannan siffofin: Rasha heroes tuna a matsayin wani batattu aljanna. adawa da wani zaman kanta m hali na kowace ƙoƙari don su kwashe 'yanci. Wannan gaskiya ne ga wadannan ayyukan: "The Gift", "ku yanke ƙauna", "The Luzhin Tsaro".

m ka'idodin

Fiye da wani abu, Vladimir Nabokov (biography takaita sama) ba zai iya jure vulgarity. Wadannan kalmomi ya kira ma sauki abun ciki. Vulgarity - cewa bourgeoisie a cikin nau'i a wanda an kuma gane Flaubert. Wancan ne, shi ne halin da ake ciki inda falsafa, tarihi ko dabi'un infringes a kan art. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Nabokov wadai Andre Malraux, Thomas Mann kuma Dostoevsky. Kuma litattafan Gogol girmama ba ga zuba jari na zamantakewa mũnãnan ayyuka, kuma bayanin wato "karamin mutumin," kuma ya kyau harshe da kuma salon.

Vulgarity a kan Nabokov - bukatun a cikin adabi dan kasa. Saboda haka, yana haka ƙi neman sauyi-demokra] iyya zargi na Rasha. Wannan ra'ayin da aka fi cikakken nuna a cikin labari "The Gift." Nabokov kishin daya babi na samfurin bayanin irin rayuwa na Nikolai Chernyshevsky, sanannen neman sauyi da bindiga ba.

A marubuci yi imani da cewa babban abu a art - ado yardar maimakon wani m amfani. A bayyanuwar vulgarity Nabokov tunani da totalitarian gwamnatocin, kamar Hitler da Stalin. Wannan zanga-zangar nuna a cikin litattafan "A karkashin daurin boye", "Gayyata zuwa da wata azãba" wasa "Waltz firtsi", "Decimation azzalumai" labaru "dutsen ado" da sauransu.

A gwarzo na Nabokov ta duniya - wani artist, wani mutum da wani m kyauta. Alal misali, Fyodor Godunov-Cherdyntsev, Aleksandr Luzhin, Cincinnatus, da sauransu. Irin wannan hali sau da yawa ya bayyana a cikin wani halin da ake ciki a lokacin da tilasta adawa da dukan duniya, da kare hakkin 'yancin.

wallafe-wallafen Amirka

Ya sha wahala da yawa daga cikin ra'ayoyin da aikinsa a cikin harshen Turanci adabi Nabokov, Vladimir Vladimirovich. Brief biography na marubuci ya hada da dukan daga cikin aiki, saboda haka ba za mu iya kasa su ambaci wadanda ayyuka ne da aka halicce su a kasashen waje.

Yana kiyaye ko'ina cikin kerawa Nabokov babban harafin da ayyukansa - da harshe. Stylist da fi'ili daidaita yi - shi ne abin da gaske alfahari da Vladimir Vladimirovich.

Domin American litattafan da Nabokov ( "fari haske", "The Real Life of Sebastian Knight," "Ka faɗa, Memory", "Sauran gaba", "Bend daurin boye" da sauransu.) Ne halin da bambanci na art a matsayin gaskiya gaskiya da kuma hakika kamar yadda m natsuwar tunanina da kuma mulkin vulgarity.

"Lolita" (Nabokov)

Biography da kerawa, a takaice ya bayyana a nan, ba zai yiwu ba tare da Ambaton rigima da acclaimed Romana Nabokova - "Lolita" (1955). Wannan shi ne kawai aikin da marubucin, wanda ya fassara a cikin Rasha.

Dalili na mãkirci na "Lolita" shi ne labarin soyayya na fara tasawa maigida da yarinya na goma sha biyu. Duk da haka, da mãkirci - kawai ado ga siffar rayuwan angst. Asali samfurin kunshi a hadawa rabbai. A baya ayyukan Nabokov ya fili bayyane bambanci tsakanin vulgarity da real iyawa. Kuma a "Lolita", wadannan biyu halittu aka haxa, suka rabu da juna ne ba zai yiwu ba.

Babban hali, Lolita, a hannu daya, shi ne misalta vulgarity. Amma duk da haka a wannan yarinya wani lokacin fita "inexplicable, masu kamun kai, tausayi."

"Lolita", duk da m, ba ka damar ganin gaskiya m duniyar Nabokov. Wannan duniya ne domin wannan mahukunta na ilmi, kamar yadda marubucin kansa.

Myths game Nabokov

Akwai dogon-aka gudanar imani cewa shi ne kaucewa daban-daban daga wasu Rasha marubuta Vladimir Nabokov manhaja Vitae a tebur saukin tabbatar da wannan. Duk da haka, wannan ba quite gaskiya. Da fari dai, shi ne undeniable ci gaba da marubuci a Rasha wallafe-wallafe, kuma mafi musamman zuwa M. Yu. Lermontovu kuma A. S. Pushkinu. Abu na biyu, Nabokov kansa ko da yaushe tare da babban daraja da girmamawa hali zuwa kerawa L. N. Tolstogo. Lokacin da Vladimir Vladimirovich lectured game da wannan marubuci, ya sanya girmamawa a kan gaskiyar cewa Tolstoy sau da yawa samu zurfin m images.

Har ila yau, ba daidai ba ne hukuncin cewa Nabokov ne sanyi esthete wadanda suke shirye su yarda da amorality da cewa dan hanya zafi. A akasin wannan, da marubuci rayayye hamayya despotism da kuma tashin hankali a duk da manifestations. Daga qarshe Nabokov ta wuri ne kyautatawa.

"Jahannama"

Wannan shi ne na karshe labari da aka rubuta ta hanyar Nabokov. Wannan aiki ne sosai daban-daban daga dukkan yau, iyalinsu kafa marubuci. Bugu da kari, cikin "Jahannama" An riga an dauke postmodern labari, a matsayin samfurin da aka gina a kan asali dabaru na wannan Trend - intertext.

Muhimmanci shi ne gaskiya cewa Nabokov gauraye a cikin halittar daban-daban nau'o'i da stylistic hadisai. Tare da postmodern aiki "Jahannama" kawo tare da ciwon mai haske da kuma wasan ya fara parody. Ba kwatsam, Nabokov amfani da harshe daban-daban styles, jere daga high-syllable da kuma kawo karshen kusan titi irin harshe na dabam - duk domin bunkasa aikin da karatu, ya jaddada singularity aikinsa.

Yana zo ga ƙarshe da biography na Nabokov. A takaice game da Babban abu da aka ce a sama, duk da haka, har yanzu ya kasance a ambaci mutuwa na marubuci. V. V. Nabokov mutu Yuli 3, 1977 a Switzerland.