Palmitic acid. Properties, samar, aikace-aikace

Palmitic acid (wani sunan - hexadecanoic) - wani cikakken monocarboxylic (m) acid. The fi na kowa a cikin yanayi. Domin da farko lokacin da wannan abu da aka samu a cikin dabino da man fetur. Esters da kuma salts wannan acid ake kira palmitate. Mutane da yawa daga cikin esters na crystallinity da kuma kama da kakin zuma. Yana yana da wadannan sinadaran dabara: CH3 (CH2) 14COOH. Kuma ta empirical dabara ne: C16H32O2.

Samun palmitic acid a cikin yanayi

Wannan abu ne, kamar yadda wani ɓangare na rinjaye na glycerides na mai kayan lambu asalin da dabba fats. Alal misali, shi ya hada waken soya man 6.5%, dabino man - 38-47%, man alade - 30%. Bugu da kari, hexadecanoic acid ne memba na wasu waxes: a spermaceti dauke 90% maniyyi Whale hexadecanoic acid cetyl ester, kuma beeswax game da 30% ee myristyl ether. A dabba kwayoyin palmitic acid ne karshen samfurin na m acid kira daga acetyl-CoA.

A cikin irin hexadecanoic acid glyceride a cikin abun da ke ciki na da dabino mai, kayan lambu mai Sin da kuma Arewacin Amirka 'ya'yan itace da Croton sebiferum Stillinga sebifera, tsaba Rhus succedanea (a kakin zuma), mai kakin mirikonovom Berry Myrica cerifera, a lanolin. A wani free jihar palmitic acid da aka samu a da tsaba paprika a rigingimu Lycopodium da cadaveric kakin (da babban kashi).

Jiki Properties na palmitic acid:

1. yanayin (a karkashin tuta yanayi) - colorless lu'ulu'u.

2. matauni taro ne 256, 43 g / mol.

3. The yawa ne 0,841 g / cm³.

Thermal Properties na palmitic acid:

1. A narkewa zafin jiki ya 62,9 ° C.

2. A tafasar batu daidai to 105 ° C (a 0.01 mmHg. V.) Kuma 167 ° C (a 1 mm Hg. V.).

3. Flash ma'ana daidai to 192 ° C.

4. A matauni zafi damar (a al'ada yanayi) ne 460 J / (mol · K).

Mene ne sinadaran Properties na hexadecanoic acid?

1. solubility a ruwa ne daidai 0.0007 (a 20 ° C).

2. solubility a ethanol ne 2600 (a 7,2 ° C).

3. Palmitic acid ne moderately narkewa a benzene kuma acetone.

Tantancewar Properties na palmitic acid:

1. The Refractive index ne 1,4219.

Shiri na palmitic acid

Wannan abu za a iya samu a hanyoyi da dama:

1. By fractional crystallization ko retifikatsii daga gaurayawan na m acid wanda aka shirya da saponification na fats ko paraffins hadawan abu da iskar shaka.

2. Lokacin da cetyl barasa ta gasa tare da lemun tsami da sodium zuwa 270 ° C (Dumas da kuma Stas).

C16H33OH (cetyl barasa) + O2 (oxygen) = C15H31COOH + H2 Yã (ruwa)

3. Bayan narkewa elaidic (oleic acid) da sodium hydroxide:

CH3 (CH2) 7CH (oleic acid) = CH (CH2) 7SOON + H2O (ruwa) + O = C15H31COOH (palmitic acid dabara) + CH3COOH (acetic acid)

4. Idan nitric acid hadawan abu da iskar shaka na 2-oktodekanonom:

CH3 (CH2) 15-CO-CH3 + 3O (oxygen) = C15H31COOH (hexadecanoic acid) + CH3COOH (acetic acid)

5. Har ila yau, wannan abu za a iya hada ta da hanyar da cyanide yodyura pentadecylic barasa:

C15H31J + KCN (cyano fili) = KJ + C15H31-CN.

C15H31-CN (cyano fili) + 2H2O (ruwa) = C15H31COOH (samu abu) + NH3

Ina amfani da palmitic acid?

1. dauke lamba kayan amfani a cikin yi napalm stearin (musamman cakuda da stearic acid), opaque kwaskwarima da kuma daban-daban ƙuna, plasticizers da kuma lubricants. Da dabara na wannan acid da ake amfani da yi na kyandirori.

2. Alli palmitate aka yi amfani a matsayin wani bangare ne na qagaggun domin neman kariya daga danshi da kuma ruwa (ruwa-repellency) na fata, daban-daban yadudduka, itace, wadanda ba m kayan shafawa da kayan shafa.

3. Har ila yau, sodium palmitate da kuma amfani da bangaren (a thickener) na bayan gida da kuma iyali soaps emulsifier kunshi kwaskwarima shirye-shirye.

4. The bukatar methyl palmitate palmitic acid da kuma wasu daga Kalam, hexadecanol. Har ila yau, wannan abu da ake amfani da daɗin ci kayan for foodstuffs.

5. A baya can kai gishiri hexadecanoic acid amfani da samar da pharmaceutical faci.