Panspermia - shi ne mai jarrabawa game da bayyanar rayuwa a duniya. shaidar panspermia

Daga cikin theories game da asalin rayuwa a duniya panspermia jarrabawa riko da wani wuri na musamman. Wannan ra'ayi ne quite m. Ya furta cewa, rayuwa a wannan duniya tamu na da cosmic hali. Its tãyuna aka kawo duniya tare da wani wani sarari suKe jiki (msl nisan kafa) ko dan hanya jirgin. Panspermia - shi ke da ra'ayin, bayyanar wanda ake dangantawa da sunan da tsoho Falsafa Aristotle. Proponents ka'idar da aka rayu a cikin XVII-XVIII ƙarni. Gotfrid Leybnits. Duk da haka, kawai a farkon na XX karni panspermia shi ya daina zama tunani ba, kuma ya samu wani daban-daban ma'ana da kuma model.

radiation panspermia

A 1908, Swedish masanin kimiyya Svante Arrhenius sa a gaba da ra'ayi, da ake kira panspermia ka'idar radiation. The likita da shawarar cewa kwayan spores kasance na farko da a duniya bayan hijirarsa daga lungunan talikai. Dalilin wannan "hijirarsa" Arrhenius ji da matsa lamba na hasken rana (haske ko wasu manyan star).

Wannan panspermia jarrabawa yana da yawa magoya bayan. A mafi m kakanninmu rayuwa, wadannan masana kimiyya kira Venus, inda da zafi-resistant kwayoyin iya samun on Earth a lokacin da biyu taurari sun kasance a cikin iyakar takaice nisa daga juna.

Factor haske matsa lamba

A zama na haske matsa lamba kafin Arrhenius tabbatar da gwaje Rasha likita Pyotr Lebedev. Haka kuma, shi ya bincikar da tasirin wannan sabon abu a kan Lycopodium spores (Lycopodium). A wannan batun, a cikin XIX karni, ka'idar panspermia aka goyan bayan Ferdinand Cohn, wa laƙabi da Yustus von Liebig, Germanom Gelmgoltsem, da kuma sauran mashahuran masana kimiyya a lokacinsa.

Duk da haka, a cikin XX karni, wannan ra'ayi da aka soki da yawa daban-daban masu bincike. Daga cikinsu akwai Iosif Shklovsky, Carl Sagan da sauransu. Abokan adawar ƙaryatãwa game da shaidar panspermia, a kan filaye cewa dogon lokacin da sarari hijirarsa ba zai iya yi ba tare da hallakaswa shawarwari radiation kashi.

sarari baƙi

A jimlace nau'i na ka'idar panspermia shi karanta cewa injin, wanda zai iya tafiya a dogon zauna kwayoyin cuta, ya kamata ba a tsoma baki tare da ransu, tun a musamman low yanayin zafi, Kwayoyin suna daskarewa (dakatar da tashin hankali). Rubuce irin wannan baƙi zuwa "tashi" nan da nan bayan da ya dawo da mu duniya, inda ɓullo da wani dadi sauyin yanayi godiya ga daidaituwa na da yawa yanayi.

A bisa ra'ayoyin da aka karyata ta zamani malamai. Nazarin a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa, a cikin injin na sarari cell kawai suka fashe saboda danshin superfast nasu ruwa. Saboda wannan tsari da kananan kwayoyin halitta suna halakar da ta wuce kima ciki matsa lamba. Wannan shi ne babban shawara daga masana suka yi imani da cewa radiation panspermia - wani labari.

Litopanspermiya

Wani irin panspermia - litopanspermiya. The kafa ka'idar Melvin Calvin yi imani da cewa farkon rayuwa na iya samun a duniya, tare da wani meteorite. Har yanzu, manufar panspermia ba a goyon baya har ta daidai daftari.

A Duniya gaske samun kankanin saurã daga hadayun meteorites a cikin yanayi. Irin kayan da karatu da dama da masana kimiyya, amma ba wanda ya ba su iya samun su ko a su bi sawun na rayuwa. Masana kimiyya ne kawai wasu gyarawa nazarin halittu abubuwa (msl m acid da kuma amino acid).

nisan kafa ra'ayi

Wani jarrabawa game da bayyanar rayuwa a duniya, hade da panspermia, da ake kira nisan kafa ka'idar gabatar a cikin littafin Freda Hoyla "girgije mai rai". A wannan ɗaba'ar, marubucin ya yi kokarin tabbatar da viability na ra'ayi a kan misali na duniya cutar annoba (ciki har da misali na Spanish mura farkon XX karni). Da yasa Hoyle yayi shawarar cewa irin wannan taro cuta (cutar AIDS) za a iya bayyana ta da cometary asalin. A wannan hanya a matsayin ƙwayoyin cuta, Duniya iya samun rayuwa, marubucin ya yi iƙirari.

Da su muhawara da abokan adawar na da ka'idar cometary asalin da kwayoyin. Mai virologists yarda da cewa, misali, mura annoba a Hong Kong a lokacin 1968-1969. fiye da ma'ana bayyana watsa daga kamuwa da cuta daga mutum zuwa mutum, kuma ta ci gaba da yaki da tsarin na rigakafi, fiye da ra'ayin ta cosmic asalinsu. Bugu da kari, litopansermiya - wani bane wanda ba a iya bayyana a matsayin meteor tare da kwayoyin samu a cikin hasken rana tsarin daga wani star tsarin, inda, mai yiwuwa, akwai alamu na rai.

directed panspermia

A shekarar 1970-ies. a cikin kimiyya al'umma akwai wani m ka'idar asalin rayuwa a duniya - directed panspermia. Wannan jarrabawa dã ba su kasance idan ba domin sa'an nan-rare taken Extraterrestrial m. Idan ka yi imani da directed panspermia, na farko tsaba na rayuwa ta bayyana a duniya a umurnin da a wasu wayewa, data kasance wani wuri a cikin zurfin sarari. Zai yiwu spores da kwayoyin da aka aiko a kan wani musamman na'ura, da kuma shi ya aikata shi duka ga halittar na mallaka, ko na wani kimiyya gwaji.

Magoya bayan ra'ayin directed panspermia kamar yadda ta gwaji an tunãtar da cewa duk nazarin sasannin kwayoyin da a cikin tsarin ne rare a duniya tamu karafa, ciki har da molybdenum. Wani dalili da yake a cikin yanayin da kwayoyin code. The asalin wannan sabon abu ne har yanzu ba cikakken gane. Saboda da yawa farin spots bayyana ne mutumin da zaton mu, musamman da jarrabawa na directed panspermia. Its uzuri zaton cewa duk nazarin sasannin kwayoyin sauko daga magabata (kananan kwayoyin), ya bayyana a nan godiya ga wani Extraterrestrial wayewa. A halin yanzu, akwai har yanzu babu wani hujja bayyananniya daga cikin wanzuwar baki da su kai ziyara a Duniya.

cosmic kura

Wani jarrabawa panspermicheskaya tafasa saukar zuwa zato cewa ƙasa da aka kafa daga cosmic turɓãya, wanda ya kasance da germs na rayuwa. A wannan yanayin, kwayoyin cuta na iya tsira kawai tare da rike wani barga zazzabi a kan sabon duniya. Duk da haka, gudanar da bincike da masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa a farkon matakai na kasancewarsa, da Duniya ya ja-zafi ball, wanda ya ci gaba da kwantar da kan mutane da yawa, miliyoyin shekaru.

Duk da haka cosmic ƙura a matsayin m na rayuwa iya samun on duniya tamu yawa daga baya. Wannan shi ne wani jarrabawa, wanda ta gabatar da panspermia. A takaice, wadannan zaton su ne ƙarancin cancantar cewa a cikin 1970s. Ya tabbatar ciki har da Soviet masanin kimiyya Lev Mukhin. Duk wani hadadden gudanar da mahadi kafin bayyana a cikin duniya, dole ne shawo kan yanayin duniya, inda suke combusted tare da meteorites da sauran sarari abubuwa.

"Live" ruwan sama

Recent muhawara game da yanayin rayuwa a duniya ya fara a sarari a 2001, lokacin da India jihar Kerala shi ne na musamman ja ruwan sama. A exclusivity wannan halitta sabon abu da aka ba kawai m m. Shaidu ruwaito ruwan sama da ruwan sama kafin su halarta m hadari da kuma iko haske flares.

The sabon abu na ja ruwan sama ya ja hankalin masana kimiyya da kuma yan koyo daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Bugu da ari karatu sun nuna cewa gaskiya hanyar m launi karfe barbashi da suke a ruwa a cikin wani nau'i na slurry. Cin zarafin majiyai sun yi ta yin husũma. Ga magoya bayan panspermia wannan al'amari duk da haka wani shawara a cikin ni'imar da ra'ayi na cosmic asalin rayuwa a duniya.

na farko da irin wannan ruwan sama daga spores, wanda kafin a duniya ya taɓa iya tafiya can a kan Duniya biliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce? Mai masana fassara abubuwan da suka faru a Indiya ta wata hanya. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa spores da cewa ya fadi tare da ja ruwan sama, mallakar epiphytes - shuke-shuke da m hankali da girma a ko'ina a wannan bangare na duniya. Saboda haka, precipitations sun kawai episode wurare dabam dabam na Organic abubuwa a yanayi. Duk da haka, episode na ja ruwan sama a Kerala nuna yadda hypothetically zai faru mulkin mallaka na Duniya rayuwa.

The Search ci gaba

Don kwanan wata, babu daya da kuma ba zai iya samun shaida na rayuwa a hayin Duniya (ciki har da a meteoritic al'amari a haɗe zuwa uku duniya na hasken rana tsarin daga m sarari). Lokaci-lokaci, kafofin watsa labarai ya bayyana sa mamaki bayanai game da irin wannan binciken, amma a ainihin gaskiya ma shi ne daidai ba ne fassarar facts ko m ƙarya. Sau da yawa, ga jiki ya dauki inorganic mahadi kamar kwayan. Bugu da kari, fadowa zuwa ga ƙasa, cosmic al'amarin, "najasa" da rayuwarsa a duniya, wanda kara ruɗar da Kiyayewa.

Duk wadannan muhawara nuna cewa panspermia - a dubious jarrabawa, wanda ba shi da shaida tushe. Duk da haka, kimiyya shakka bai hana wani gagarumin yawan masu goyon baya ci gaba da neman muhawara don tallafawa irin theories.