Gwajin giciye

Test gicciye - giciye-kiwo na matasan mutane da musamman analyzer. Kamar yadda wani analyzer zaba homozygous mutum, wanda recessive hali da aka nuna a cikin phenotype. Test giciye yadu a yi amfani shuka kiwo da kuma jinsi domin sanin genotype.

Kamar yadda aka sani, bisa ga dokokin halittar jini, da recessive hali monohybrid giciye ba ya faruwa a ƙarni na farko. A karo na biyu tsara, ya bayyana ne kawai a daya-sha shida daga cikin mutane. Recessive hali da aka adana a cikin genotype na ƙarni na farko na mutane, amma shi ba ya nuna su azahiri. Saboda haka, mutum farko tsara ciwon recessive genotype, phenotype ba ya bambanta daga monohybrid samfurori for a rinjaye hali. Test giciye da nufin samun bayanai game da kasancewar ko babu wani recessive hali a genotype.

La'akari da ginshikai na kayyade genotype daga cikin mutum m kwari. Gray launi ne mai rinjaye hali dangane da baki canza launi da kwari jiki. Halittu, crosses m gardama da baki da kuma bincika sakamakon zuriya. Idan duk mutane suna da launin toka launi, sa'an nan karatu da gardama da aka sani kawai rinjaye a cikin genotype. Idan rabin sakamakon kwari da baki launi, yana yiwuwa su infer kasancewar wani recessive hali.

Tare da bai cika dominance na kowane genotype yayi dace da su phenotype. Don ƙayyade ko wani lura a mutane da hannu cikin sakamakon bai cika dominance ko kai alamar hõrarru genetically, shi ne kuma dole su gudanar da gwajin giciye. Idan sifa a tambaya ne sakamakon bai cika dominance, to, za a ci gaba da kara "rikice" tare da recessive hali analyzer. Idan tag ya m, shi za a wuce canzawa duk mutane, idan gwajin misali ne homozygous, ko wasu mutane, idan yana heterozygous. Alal misali, idan mararraba na ruwan hoda da kuma fararen furanni ba wani haske ruwan hoda, akwai bai cika dominance. Idan duk hybrids na farko domin da ruwan hoda furanni, sa'an nan kuma wannan alama da aka kafa a allele kamar yadda zaman kanta da kuma rinjaye a kan fari. A wannan yanayin, mutum ne homozygous bincika. Idan ɓangare na hybrids gaji ruwan hoda launi na petals, da kuma sauran kashi yana daukar kwayar cutar fari, ruwan hoda, akwai ãyã daga mai zaman kanta, rinjaye, bincika mutum daukawa genotype biyu ãyõyi.

A yi, domin sanin genotype ne ba ko da yaushe isa ya yi gwajin giciye. Misali fadowa cikin category na ware iya bayyana a matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyi uku nonallelic gene hulda: epistasis, polymers ko complementarity.

Lokacin da epistasis bayyanuwar daya allelic biyu na genes repressed genes a waje da sauran allelic biyu. Kashewar iya kawo biyu rinjaye da kuma recessive hali. A sakamakon epistasis a mararraba na homozygous mutane da ja furanni (rinjaye) da kuma homozygous mutane da fararen furanni (recessive hali) a cikin ƙarni na farko na hybrids so kawai shuke-shuke da ja furanni, da kuma na biyu - 3/4 hybrids za a ja launi, 3 / 16 - fari da kuma 1/16 gada sanyã sauran alleles (msl, yellow).

da wadannan misali ne a bayyana ayyukan da sabon abu na polymer. A furanni dauke da dama heterozygous alleles qazanta ãyõyin ja (rinjaye) da fari (recessive) launuka na petals. A mafi hybrids na biyu ƙarni na recessive mutane, whiter flower. A gaban mutum alleles matsayin rinjaye hali tare da, ko ba tare da, a fili gani wani abu a tsakanin wadannan alamu. A kayyade genotype ta hanyar gwajin giciye polymer shi ne sauƙin rude da bai cika dominance.

Lokacin da complementarity nonallelic genes taimaka juna da kuma taimaka wa taimaka samar da wani sabon hali.