Patagonia - wannan shi ne ... Tattalin Arziki, sauyin yanayi da kuma fauna

Patagonia - shi ne mai yanki a kudancin South America, wanda aka raba a tsakanin kasashen biyu: Chile da kuma Argentina. A wannan labarin, za mu magana game da sauyin yanayi, da tattalin arziki, Flora, fauna da shimfidar wannan na musamman da kuma picturesque karkara.

M Patagonia: hotuna da kuma taƙaitaccen bayanin

Mutane da yawa suka karanta a cikin samartaka kasada ayyukan marubuci Jules Verne. A musamman, labari "Banĩ Captain Grant", wanda yana nufin da ban mamaki ƙasar Patagonia. Wannan sararin yankin na Kudancin Amirka steppes, overhung spiky kololuwa na Andean duwãtsu.

Patagonia da aka raba tsakanin kasashen biyu - Chile da kuma Argentina. Bugu da ƙari, cikin yanayi na Chile Patagonia ne quite daban-daban daga cikin yanayi na ta Argentine gefe. Da farko shi ya shafi topography da kuma sauyin yanayi.

Chilean Patagonia - wani snow-rufe kololuwa babban kololuwa, zurfin bays, fjords, sunã gaggãwa kõguna da yawa waterfalls. Amma Patagonia Argentina kama wani m yankin tare da fairly sparse ciyayi mamaye karfi da kuma sanyi iskõki.

Af, wannan ɓangare na Kudu Amurka nahiyar buga ruwan tabarau na kamara na rare Birtaniya TV show Top Gear (musamman batun "Patagonia", 2014). Wannan lokaci, Dzheyms Mey, Dzheremi Klarkson da kuma Richard Hammond sun gwada da motoci a kan hanyoyi pampasskih sarari.

Patagonia - wannan ... Physical labarin kasa da kuma kan iyakoki

Wannan shi ne kawai wuri a Duniya inda a gabashin gaba na nahiyar, za ka iya ganin real hamada, a waje da wurare masu zafi da bel. Ina Patagonia? Kamar yadda geographers gudanar gẽfunanta?

Patagonia aka located a kudancin ɓangare na South America (kudu na 40th a layi daya a kudancin yammancin duniya). Da dukan ƙasar talauci lugar da kuma aiki monotonous mirgina tuddai, ya rufe tare da sparse ƙayayuwa Bishiyoyi da ganye. A gabas, Patagonia steeply da sanyi ruwan Atlantic, kuma a yamma - m zuwa gangaren babban Andes.

Game da inda ka bukatar ka rike da arewacin kan iyakar da Patagonia, masana kimiyya sau da yawa jayayya. Mutane da yawa geographers yi imani da cewa kasashen waje da Gwargwadon yanki ne Rio Colorado da kuma Bio Bio-. A kudu zuwa Patagonia kuma wani lokacin matsayi da kuma tarin tsiburai na Tierra del Fuego.

A tarihin da Asalin sunan

Wannan ƙasar da aka farko da aka ambata a cikin kayan da circumnavigation na Ferdinand Magellan. A Patagonia balaguro mambobi hadu "unusually tsayi mutane" da wata karuwa da game da 180 santimita. Ka tuna cewa a tsakiyar zamanai Turai talakawan girma ne kawai 1,55 mita. Yana Magellan mai suna gida mazauna "Patagonia", to, wannan sunan ya zo nufi, da dukan ƙasar.

Har ƙarshen XIX karni, waɗannan ƙasashe ba na kowa. Akwai rayu kabilan Indiyawan, wanda aka bari a baya a yanzu ci gaban Turai da kuma wasu kabilu inhabiting America. Daga baya suka fara bayyana natsuwa daga Wales, wanda ya kafa tare da yan unguwa cinikayya tsakaninsu.

Tun tsakiyar XIX karni, da amfani a Patagonia fara nuna Chileans. A 1848, suka kafa tashar jiragen ruwa birnin Punta fagage don sarrafa mashigar na Magellan. A 1881, jagorancin kasashen biyu (Chile da kuma Argentina), yanke shawarar raba sama da sparsely lugar yankunan Patagonia. Wannan tsari dade kusan karni. A tsakanin kasashen biyu sun kasance m muhawara game da wanda ya kamata ya kamãta da wannan ko wancan yanki na ƙasar. Wadannan sabani kusan kai ga amfani da makamai rikici a 1978. Duk da haka, da Paparoma shãmakace, tilasta kasashen biyu a kammala da wani alkawari da zaman lafiya da aminci.

Features taimako Patagonia

Mafi yawa daga Patagonia daukan Patagonian Filato - monotonous, undulating kuma kusan bã tãre da m magudanai. Geologically, shi ne hada basalt da sedimentary kankara. Precambrian ginshiki shiga cikin ƙasa ta surface kawai a arewacin Patagonia.

A orographic sharuddan Filato karye canyons da ravines a kan mutum tebur-kamar tudu (upland). Tsakanin su, wani lokacin wanda bai isa ya kwarara kõguna da waɗansu kõguna.

Precipitous gabas Coast na Patagonia, sabili da haka m ga shigarwa na manyan jirãge. Rocky zana hotunan a kan Atlantic gaci nan wani lokacin isa daya da ɗari mita tsawo. A yamma da Patagonian tudu ne rabu da Andean tasa, wanda shi ne shagaltar da moraine adibas da yawa tabkuna na glacial asalin.

yanayin siffofin

Patagonia sauyin yanayi ne bushe, duk da latitud. Da cewa duk da ruwan sama iya zo nan daga tekun Pacific. Duk da haka, hanyar da yammacin zafi ne high ridges na Andes, wanda dauka ma duk da danshi. A daya hannun, a gabashin tekun na Patagonia aka located da sanyi Falkland Yanzu, abin da kawai qara rashin ruwa daga cikin sauyin yanayi na gida yankin. A cikin shekara ta Patagonia samu daga 150 (a gabas) to 400 (a gindin Andes) millimeters.

Seasons bambanta da yawa a sassa daban daban na Patagonia. Saboda haka, a cikin arewacin yankin, a cikin Rio Negro Valley, rani ne quite zafi, kuma a kudu - sanyi. A cikin hunturu, da dukan ƙasar da Patagonia iya samun yanayin zafi ƙasa don -30 digiri.

Saboda haka, sauyin yanayi na Patagonia ne ya fi karfinsu ko dai saboda rayuwar mutum ko ga wani aiki noma. Dry, da karfi chilly iskõki da m blizzards a cikin hunturu - Waɗannan su ne manyan dalilan saboda abin da wannan yanki na mutane da yawa ƙarni, shi ne sparsely populated.

A Flora da fauna daga yankin

Yanayin damina ba da taimako ga ci gaban ciyayi a yankin. Gandun daji a Patagonia kusan babu wani. The mutum iri-iri da ake samu ne kawai a gindin Andes, inda saukad da wani isasshen adadin hazo. Sauran Patagonia ne a wasan kusa da na hamada yankunan shagaltar da sparse ciyawa da m shrubs.

Gargajiya wakilan da Patagonian Flora - Argentine bluegrass, gashin tsuntsu ciyawa, fescue da fescue. Akwai ma wani iri-iri prickly pears da kuma cacti. Kudu filin za a iya samu mosses da lichens. A nan ne da Kudu American sashi na bushe matakan da ke shiga cikin tundra zone.

A fauna daga Patagonia da musamman talakawa. Hankula wakilan da na gida fauna - a guanaco, Rhea, Humming birds, dutsen zaki, kazalika da predatory tsuntsu condor. Kusa da tabkuna nesting flamingos da sauran jinsunan waterfowl. A kudancin tsibirin na Patagonia, za ka iya ko da ganin penguins.

Yawan jama'a, tattalin arziki da kuma ci gaban da yankin

A talakawan yawan yawa na Patagonia ne sosai low - kawai 2 mutane da murabba'in kilomita. Human ƙauyuka a yankin sun mayar da hankali tare da 'yan kogin kwari.

Babban kafofin samun kudin shiga ga mazauna yankunan - shi ne yawon shakatawa da kuma aikin noma. A Patagonia rayayye asali na tumaki wanda ulu da aka sayar a nan shi ne tsada sosai. A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, shugabannin kasuwanci sayi tsohon farm kiwo tumaki a cikin ƙasa na Patagonia, kuma da yawa na modernized. Amfanin gona samar a cikin yankin da aka kusan ba raya saboda manyan matsaloli tare da ban ruwa. A jama'ar na jihohin bakin teku na Patagonia ne ma tsunduma a cikin kama kifaye daga teku.

Ã'a muhimmin ɓangare na gida tattalin arzikin ne yawon shakatawa. Kuma shi ne mafi cigaba a cikin Chilean Patagonia. A cikin Argentine gefe ne National Park "Los Glaciares", ya shiga a cikin UNESCO Duniya Heritage List. Tourism a Patagonia ba kawai haifar da sabon jobs, amma kuma tana goyon bayan da al'adu da kuma crafts na 'yan asalin mutane -' yan India.

ƙarshe

Patagonia - wannan shi ne wani sabon abu da kuma picturesque kusurwa na duniya tamu. Tsanani, kuma a lokaci guda da kyau sosai yankin. Yawon bude ido zo nan don ziyarci, "Fitzroy" National Park, ganin da idanuwan da grandiose gleiser Perito Moreno, kazalika da yi iyo a kan wani cruise jirgin ruwan, bimbinin kyau cliffs da kuma zurfin fjords.