The yawan Alaska, labarin kasa, tarihi

Alaska da ake kira Land na Midnight Sun, The Final Frontier, The Great Land. Wanda ya gano Alaska da kuma nawa ne kudin duniya zuwa Amurka? Wanda yana da rai a kan karkararta?

Alaska a duniya map

Alaska aka located a kan arewa maso yammacin Amurka, kuma shi ne mafi girma a jihar ta kasar. Bering mashigar raba shi daga ƙasar Rasha - Chukotka Larabawa. A gabas, jihar iyakokin kasar da Canada.

Wannan jiha - wani exclave. An rabu da sauran na Amurka Canada gona. Don samun daga Alaska zuwa Amirka, mafi kusa jiha, shi wajibi ne don shawo kan 800 kilomita na Canada ƙasa.

A duka yankin na jihar - 1.717.854 sq. km, kuma da bakinta stretches for 10.639 km. Alaska Territory wakilci babban yankin da yawa tsibirin. Wadannan sun hada da na Aleutian Islands, tarin tsiburai Alexander, Kodiak Island, Pribyvalova da St. Lawrence.

Alaskan Point Barrow ne northernmost batu na Amurka, da kuma Attu Island, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na Aleutian Islands - mafi westerly.

yanayi

Alaska an wanke ta da Pacific da kuma Arctic tekuna, samar da daban-daban yanayin damina. A ciki sassan jihar ne halin da sub-Arctic sauyin yanayi tare da sanyi winters da kuma gwada da dumi lokacin bazaar. A arewacin Arctic sauyin yanayi: mai tsanani sanyi winters da sanyi kuma lokacin bazaar. A zafin jiki a lokacin rani da wuya lẽƙãwa a sifili. A cikin Pacific Coast (kudu-maso-gabas na jihar), da sauyin yanayi ne m teku, tare da kuri'a da ruwan sama.

Arewa Alaskan tundra aka rufe, da kuma kudu - da lokacin farin ciki gandun daji. A wannan yankin, da yawa volcanoes da glaciers. The most - gleiser Bering, da wani yanki na 5800 murabba'in mita. m. Volcanic ridges wani bangare ne na Alaska Pacific wuta zobe. Dutsen Shishaldin ne a kan Unimak Island kuma an dauki daya daga cikin mafi girma a Alaskan volcanoes.

The most kõguna a jihar - da Yukon da Kuskokwim. Total a Alaska ne fiye da dubu 10 da kõguna da kan miliyan 3 tabkuna. A arewa maso gabashin ɓangare na jihar ne Arctic National namun daji Mafaka, da kuma arewa-maso-yammacin - da ƙasa na Amurka mai ajiye.

A samu daga Alaska

An yi imani da cewa da farko Alaska maniyyi Dezhnev gano a cikin XVII karni. Amma wannan al'amari, babu wani aikin hukuma tabbaci. "St. Gabriel" Saboda haka, da bude daga cikin Great Land dangana ga tawagar jirgin. The balaguro tawagar, wanda mambobin sun M. S. Gvozdev, I. Fedorov, DI Pavlutsky kuma A. F. Shestakov, komai a fili a kan ƙasa na Alaska a 1732.

Bayan 9 shekara a nan ya tafi wata biyu balaguro a kan jirgin ruwa "St. Peter" da kuma "St. Paul." Jirãge karkashin jagorancin Alexei Chirikov kuma sanannen mai bincike Vitus Bering.

M hazo ya da wani gagarumin Shingen bincike. Da farko, da ƙasar Alaska gani daga kwamitin "St. Paul", shi ya Prince of Wales Island. Da masu bincike gano cewa, akwai abubuwa da yawa na beavers zauna teku otters, Jawo, wanda a lokacin an dauke mafi muhimmanci. Wannan shi ne babban impetus ga ci gaban sabon asashe.

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A 1799 ya bude wani Rasha-American kamfanin, wanda yana gangarawa zuwa Alexander Baranov. Wãtsa aiki farauta dabbar beaver Jawo (wanda baya haifar da wani gagarumin raguwa a yawan dabbobi).

Bisa sabon kauyuka da kuma tashoshin jiragen ruwa, bude makarantu da asibitoci, da Orthodox Church daukawa fitar da ilimi aikin, wanda ya zama abu na Alaskan yawan jama'a. Duk da haka, ƙasar da ci gaban da aka iyakance ta Jawo samar da mishan aiki.

Bugu da kari, iri dangantakar da Birtaniya, da kuma makwabtaka da Rasha Alaska zuwa British Columbia sanya ta yazvimoy a harka na soja rikici tsakanin kasashen biyu. Saboda haka a 1857 fãra ra'ayin sayar da shi zuwa Amurka.

A watan Maris 1867, a Birnin Washington, sa hannu da kwangila domin sayar da yankin 7.2 dala miliyan. A watan Oktoba, na aikin canja wuri na sayi wani fili, a cikin Sitka (sai ya kira New Mala'iku).

Amurka Alaska

Na dogon lokaci da sabon samu ƙasashe kasance a karkashin iko na Amurka da kuma musamman ba ƙware da sojoji. A 1896, akwai wani real albarku a zinariya, a lokacin da Klondike River a Canada, sami zinariya adibas. Shi ne mafi sauki ga Canadian ƙasa za a iya isa ta hanyar Alaska, wanda ya sa m girma na ƙauyuka.

A 1898, da zinariya samu a kusa da garin Nome da kuma na zamani birnin Fairbanks, Alaska. Gold Rush da gudummawar da ci gaban tattalin arziki na yankin. The yawan Alaska ya girma muhimmanci. Gina hanyar jirgin kasa, rayayye mined ma'adanai.

The Great mawuyacin a XX karni ya shafa da kuma Alaska. Yana ƙaura mazauna jihohin tada yankin tattalin arzikin kasar. A lokacin duniya na biyu via Alaska ne ba a na soja kayan aiki da Tarayyar Soviet.

A 1959, da Alaska yakan mallaki matsayi na 49th Amurka jihar. Daga baya a nan nuna gagarumin arzikin man fetur, wanda kuma kiwata ta ci gaba.

The yawan Alaska

Yawan mazauna jihar ne game da 700 000 mutane. Wannan adadi yana sanya jihar a cikin 47th-most a kasar. Alaska yawan yawa ne mafi ƙasƙanci da kuma shi ne 0.4 mutane da murabba'in kilomita.

A mafi yawan girma a jihar lura bayan mai adibas aka gano. Sa'an nan jama'ar na Alaska ya karu da 36%. A mafi girma a birnin a cikin jihar ne Anchorage, shi ne gida zuwa fiye da 300, 000 mutane.

Game da 60% na yawan ne fari, da 'yan asalin yawan ne game da 15%, Asians sa up game da 5.5%, abin da ya ragu zama wani jinsi. The most kasa kungiyoyin da suke zaune a Alaska - Jamus. Dan Ailan da Turanci da asusun for 10%, bi da Norwegians, Faransa da kuma Scots.

Mishan Rasha Orthodox Church bai wuce a banza - yanzu a Alaska, game da 70% na yawan ne Nasãra. Protestantism ne dauke da biyu mafi girma a addini, ko da yake dukan na Alaska ne kalla addini jihar of America.

Alaska Native

Rasha, ba shakka, dauke su majagaba, amma ya tsai da a cikin yankin mutane suka fara tun kafin isowa na bincikensa. A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, da farko Alaskans zo nan daga Siberia game da 30,000 da suka wuce, a lokacin da misãlin Bering mashigar.

A farko mutanen da suke samun kansu a "Land na Midnight Sun" su ne Tlingit, tsimshian Haile da Athabascan. Su ne magabatan zamani Indiyawan Dajin Amirka. Jĩkõki, suna da nasu harshe da kuma imani, yafi tsunduma a kama kifi.

Da yawa daga baya (kusan 8 dubu. Years ago) a ƙasar Alaska tanã gudãna al'ummai alaka da Eskimos ko Inuit. Waɗannan su ne iyalan na Aleut, Alutiiq da Inupiaq.

Tare da gano Alaska ta Rasha masu bincike sun kawo a cikin duniya na 'yan asalin mutane da kuma imanin su hadisai. Mutane da yawa yan unguwa yi aiki a kan Rasha. Wãne ne mafi girma a Alaska a Amurka da yawan 'yan asalin yawan jama'a, amma wannan adadi ne hankali rage. Saboda haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan akwai na musamman shirye-shirye don adana al'adun na' yan asalin mutane.

ƙarshe

Alaska (USA) - arziki yankin tare da wani na musamman, amma mai tsanani yanayi. Akwai da yawa volcanoes, glaciers, koguna da tabkuna. Shi ne mafi girma Amurka jihar, rabu da Amurka Canada. Population Alaska gabatar da yawa kabilu daban daban. Akwai har yanzu rayuwa cikin zuriyar na Indiyawan Daji da Eskimos, ci gaba da hadisai da kuma al'adu.