Pereyaslavl sarauta: Gwargwadon wuri, al'adu, Pereyaslavl shugabanninmu, tarihi

Tsohon Rasha Pereyaslavl sarauta da aka kafa a kusa da birnin na Pereyaslavl, na farko gagarumin ambaci wadda ke da alaka da shekara 992, a lokacin da Prince Vladimir Great kafa. A sansanin soja da aka gina a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsaro line, don kare kasar daga steppe makiyaya, da farko Pechenegs, sa'an nan Polovtsy. A bukatarsa sarauta fito a 1054, bayan mutuwar Yaroslava Mudrogo, wanda aka bi da wani lokaci na siyasa Lalacewar Rasha.

Gwargwadon matsayi

Pereyaslavskaya ƙasar da aka a cikin kwari Trubezh, Sula kuma soups. A arewa maso yammacin shi ya Kiev sarauta. Daga kudu da gabas Pereyaslavl dũkiyarku da aka kewaye da daji steppe, inda ya gudu da ɗan fashi taro. Cikin dukanin ta tarihi Pereyaslavl sarauta tsayayya wa makiyaya da kuma sau da yawa suna mãsu hasãra.

fitowan

Specific Pereyaslavl sarauta tsaga daga Kiev daya daga cikin na farko. A 1054 shi ya tafi zuwa ƙaramin ɗan Yaroslava Mudrogo Vsevolod Yaroslavovich. Sa'an nan Pereyaslavl aka dauke ta uku mafi muhimmanci birnin bayan da Rus na Kiev da Chernigov. Saboda da kusanci na da Polovtsian steppe akwai wani karfi tawagar. A iyakar kudancin na sarauta aka warwatse outposts. Archaeological binciken a cikin kango na su bayyana cewa wadannan birãnensu aka kama, ƙone, halakar da kuma sāke gina.

Farko a yankunan da yaƙin neman zaɓe a Pereyaslavl sarauta Cumans dauka a 1061. Har sai wannan lokacin na su ne kawai jita-jita, da kuma Rurik mallakar makiyaya tsanani isa. A 1068 Polovtsian sojojin hadu da wani a hade uku retinue Yaroslav - Izyaslav, Svyatoslav da Vsevolod. Yaƙin ya faru a kan Alta kogin ba da nisa daga Pereyaslavl. Polovtsi lashe. Shugabanninmu suka gudu zuwa Kiev, inda yawan m tare da passivity na hukuma tawaye.

infighting

A 1073 Pereyaslav Prince Vsevolod samu daga wana Svyatoslav Chernigov. Ban yarda dan dan'uwansa Oleg Tare da wannan bayani. A rikici ya haifar da yaki. Ko da yake Pereyaslavl sarakuna kamar yadda daya, da yawa suka yi yaƙi da Polovtsy a jeji, suka yi yaƙi da makiyaya da kuma a lokacin ciki jayayya a Rasha. Wasu Rurik (Oleg Svyatoslavovych) ba su yi shakka, ka nemi taimako daga taro.

A 1078, Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich ci dan. Bayan wannan nasara, ya kasance kuma mai mulkin Kiev, bada a kan wa ɗansa Rostislav Pereyaslavl da Chernigov bai wa wani dan - Vladimir Monomakh. Waliyyinsa ya kamata kare gādon mahaifinsa. A 1080, ya tafi zuwa Pereyaslavschiny zuwa kashe tawayen Torquay.

A zamanin mulkin Monomakh

Rostislav Gromov aka takaici kashe a 1093 a wani yaƙi da Polovtsy cikin Stugna kogin. Da ɗan'uwansa nasara Vladimir Pereyaslavl sarauta. A ɓangaren da na gadon bukata DC iko. Monomakh ya Chernigov Oleg Svjatoslavovich, kuma ya mayar da hankali a kan kare Pereyaslavl daga steppe hordes.

Vladimir Gromov ya zama gwarzo a lokacinsa. Shi ne na farko tsakanin Rasha sarakuna ba kawai ya kare daga makiyaya, amma da ya yi tafiye-tafiye zuwa ga ƙasar. Tsohon Rasha jihar ya dogon bukatar irin wannan shugaba. Wannan lokacin Monomakh cikin ganiyarsu ta siyasa muhimmanci Pereyaslavl sarauta. A tarihin wadanda shekaru ne hada da yawa mai haske ta doke Polovtsy. A 1103 Monomakh rinjayi sauran Rurik shiga sojojin da tafi retinue nisa a cikin steppe. Sojojin suka tafi a kan Dnieper sashen kogin da suka sha kaye, ba jira yajin vezhi makiyaya.

Jaropolk V.

Kamar yadda mafi m Prince of Rasha, a 1113, Vladimir Monomakh dauki kursiyin Kiev. Da shi shi ne na karshe lokacin da tsohon Rasha jihar har yanzu yana da ãyõyin kokarin nema. Vladimir ya Pereyaslavl dansa Yaropolk. A 1116 ya kuma mahaifinsa ya halarci yaƙi gāba da Ming Prince Gleb Vseslavich. Jaropolk Drutsk kama da kuma sa wani ɓangare na da mazaunan a cikin birnin a cikin ƙananan kai Zheldi Sula.

A wannan shekara, ɗan Monomakh tafi Polovtsy Don yankin, inda harin ya dauki garuruwa uku: Balin, Sharukan da NPGs. A ƙawance da sarkin Pereyaslavl sa'an nan ya yi, ɗan sarkin Chernigov Vsevolod Davidovich. Nasara na Rasha da makamai sun yi aikinsu. Polovtsi kan ana bar shi kadai Gabas Slavic mulkoki. Duniya dade har 1125, lokacin da Vladimir Monomakh mutu a Kiev.

A gwagwarmayar Pereyaslavl

Magājin Vladimir a Kiev ya farinsa dan Mstislav Veliky. Ya mutu a cikin 1132. Jaropolk dauki wurin na da mazan ɗan'uwansa. Bayan wannan juyawa a Pereyaslavl fara wani lokaci na m canji na shugabanni. A birni ya zama da'awar da Rostov-Suzdal Prince Yury Dolgoruky. A lokacin yakin basasar da aka koro shi daga Pereyaslavl 'ya'ya biyu maza Mstislava Velikogo (Vsevolod da Izyaslav).

A 1134 Yaropolk Kievsky gane hakkokin da ɗan'uwansa a kudancin sarauta Dolgoruky. Duk da haka, wannan bayani sun m wakilan da Chernigov reshe na Rurik. A ƙawance da Polovtsy wadannan shugabanni Pereyaslavskaya fatattakakkun ƙasar. Su ma garzaya zuwa Kiev, sa'an nan Jaropolk tafi su yi shawarwari. Pereyaslavl aka canjawa wuri zuwa wani na ƙanensa Andrei Vladimirovich irin, dama can a cikin 1135-1141 biennium.

A kara rabo na sarauta

A tsakiyar XII karni, kafin daga karshe sõyayya Rus rarrabu cikin mulkoki. Wasu gādon ya zama cikakken zaman kansu daga Kiev. Pereyaslavl mallakar irin qananan mulkoki, inda a can ne babu kafa nasa daular, da kuma birnin da kewaye ƙasashe da ka canza shugabanni a sakamakon yakin basasa da kuma diplomasiyya haduwa.

Babban gwagwarmayar wannan ƙasa da aka ɓullo da tsakanin Kiev, Rostov kuma Chernigov gwamnonin. A 1141-1149 gg. Pereyaslavl mulki ta hanyar dan da jikan Mstislava Velikogo. Sa'an nan sarauta ya wuce zuwa cikin zuriyar Yuriya Dolgorukogo, wanda mafi kusa zumunta na babban jami'in sarrafawa Suzdal Arewa-Eastern Rasha.

A 1239 Pereyaslavl yake tafiya a hanya zuwa Rasha invading mangolawa. City (da kuma sauran jama'a) da aka kama da kuma hallaka. Bayan haka, ya kasance ba iya cikakken mai da kuma zama wani muhimmin siyasa cibiyar. Pereyaslavl aka hada a cikin dũkiyar sarkin Kiev da kuma daina wasa mai zaman kanta rawa. A farkon da XIV karni, ta Kudu Rasha aka dangane da Lithuania. A karshe Pereyaslavl sarauta aka annexed zuwa da shi a cikin 1363.

Al'adu da addini

Tsohon Rasha Pereyaslavl sarauta, da al'adu wanda ya fuskanci heyday a cikin XI-XII ƙarni., Located a kan ƙasa na Gabas Slavic tribal ƙawance glades, 'yan Arewa kuma Ulichi. archaeological shafukan game da su ake samu a cikin daruna na Sula, Seym, Vorksly, Psel da Seversky Donets. M suna funerary Pagan harafin (Barrows, kaburbura da t. D.).

Kiristanci ya zo Pereyaslavl, kazalika a sauran Rasha birane a karshen X karni bayan baftismar Prince Vladimira Svyatoslavovicha. Akwai unconfirmed ka'idar cewa a cikin wannan birni ne na farko da mazaunin metropolitans muddin Kiev bai samu Hagia Sophia.

cinikayya

Tattalin arziki da kuma al'adu cin gaban Pereyaslavl sarauta da aka kara kuzari da kusanci zuwa cinikayya hanyoyi, a kan wanda Rasha ciniki tare da gabas da kudancin kasashen. Cif daga cikinsu kuwa shi ne kogin Dnieper jijiya haxe gabashin Slavs da Rum. Bugu da kari ga hanya "daga Vikings ga Helenawa" Salt ya kuma hanyar da kasuwanci tare da bakin tekun na Azov da tekun Black Sea. Bayan Pereyaslavschiny yan kasuwa kai yanzu gabashin Tmutarakani kuma partially Volga yankin.

Yana da wani garabasa cinikayya kariya ta kasance daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da kulawa ta musamman wajen tsaro da shugabannin steppe ƙasar. Tafiyar da jiragen ruwa (ciki har da Dnieper Rapids) sukan yi wa hare-haren da makiyaya da kuma kawai 'yan fashi. Sanadiyar haka ne, masu garu gidãje da garuruwa da aka gina kawai a kan cinikayya hanyoyi. Pereyaslavl fatake jiragen ruwa kasance wani ɓangare na al'ada da Dnieper ta hanyar Trubezh. A bakin kogin akwai kasuwanci shakatawa. A wurinsa, archaeologists sun samu wani ɓaɓɓake daga Greek amphoras.

birane

The most birane na sarauta, ban da Pereyaslavl, aka gina Vladimirom Monomahom Oster gari sufuri ciniki batu warriors, Baruk, Ksnyatin, Lukoml, kazalika da sansanin soja a shafin na yau shiri Miklashevsky. Mafi yawansu ba su mallakar Posulskoy tsaron gida line ambulan ambaliya na Sulu Dnieper. Su ƙi faru bayan da mamayewa na Batu.

The main janye daga Pereyaslavl ya Michael ta Cathedral. Residence Prince ya kan Detinets. Akwai ma zauna cikin mafi girma da limaman da birnin. Bishop tsakar gida da aka kiyaye shi ta wani dutse bango, kango na wanda suka tsira zuwa zamaninmu. Kamar sauran na da birane, da yawan kagaggun zauna a tenements. Archaeologists sun samu akwai da yawa articles, na kasuwanci kuma sana'o'i. A birni ya kasance rare domin ta lokaci, a bitar domin yi na gilashi.