Permittivity

polarizability abu Layer ne halin musamman darajar, da ake kira dielectric permittivity. Ka yi la'akari da abin da irin darajar.

Zaton cewa wani uniform filin tsanani tsakanin biyu cajin faranti a injin daidai E₀. Yanzu cika wani rata tsakanin dielectric. Electric zargin, wanda zai bayyana a iyakar tsakanin dielectric da shugaba saboda ta rabuwa sakamako partially neutralized da zargin a kan faranti. A tsanani na E filin tsanani zama kasa E₀.

Experience ya nuna cewa a lokacin da cika da rata tsakanin m faranti daidai dielectrics, da filin tsanani zai bambanta. Saboda haka, sanin dangantakar da ke tsakanin tsanani da lantarki filin daga cikin faranti da in babu dielectric E₀ da E, a gaban dielectric, yana yiwuwa domin sanin polarizability, Ina nufin ta dielectric akai. Wannan yawa ana denoted da Girkanci harafi ԑ (epsilon). Saboda haka, za mu iya rubuta:

ԑ = E₀ / E.

Permittivity nuna yadda mutane da yawa sau da filin ƙarfi daga cikin cajin data a cikin insulator (kama) su zama kasa a vacuo.

Rage karfi na hulda tsakanin zargin sa da matakai na rabuwa da matsakaici. A wani lantarki filin, electrons a cikin kwayoyin zarra da kwayoyin suna rage tare da girmamawa ga ions, kuma akwai wata dipole lokacin. watau wadanda kwayoyin da cewa suna da wani dipole lokacin (musamman ruwa kwayoyin), an daidaitacce a wani lantarki filin. Wadannan lokacin haifar da nasu lantarki filin da cewa counteracts da filin da ya sa su bayyanar. A sakamakon haka, jimlar lantarki filin da aka rage. A kananan filayen wannan sabon abu ne aka bayyana da manufar da dielectric akai.

Kasa ne permittivity a injin abubuwa:

Air ................................. 1,0006 ....

Paraffin .............................. .... 2

Plexiglas (Plexiglas) ...... 3-4

Ebonite ................................. .. ... 4

Ain ................................. .... 7

Glass .............................. .. ...... .4-7

Mica ................................. .. ... .4-5

Silk ne na halitta ............ 4-5

Slate .............................. 6-7

Amber .............................. ... ...... 12.8

Ruwa .................................... ... ... .81

Wadannan abubuwa permittivity dabi'u koma zuwa da zazzabi cikin 18-20 ° C. Saboda haka, dielectric akai na daskararru dabam dan kadan da yawan zafin jiki, ban kasance ferroelectrics.

A akasin haka, shi yana raguwa gas saboda kara yawan zafin jiki da kuma kara saboda da kara matsa lamba. A yi, da dielectric akai na iska aka dauka a matsayin daya.

A impurities a adadi kaɗan da kadan sakamako a kan matakin da dielectric akai ruwaye.

Idan biyu sabani batu zargin sanya shi a cikin insulator, da filin tsanani generated da kowane daga cikin zargin da a batu inda wani cajin rage-rage ԑ sau. Daga wannan shi ya bi da cewa karfi da wanda wadannan zargin mu'amala da juna, kamar yadda a ԑ sau kasa. Saboda haka, Coulomb ta dokar for zargin sanya shi a cikin dielectric aka bai da:

F = (q₁q₂) / (ԑₐr²).

a SI raka'a :

F = (q₁q₂) / (4πԑₐr²)

inda F - ne karfi na hulda, q₁ da q₂, - yawa na zargin ԑ - shi ne cikakken permittivity na matsakaici, d - nisa tsakanin aya zargin.

Ԑ lamba darajar za a iya nuna a sabani raka'a (dangi da cikakkar darajar da injin permittivity ԑ₀). The darajar ԑ = ԑₐ / ԑ₀ kira zumunta permittivity. Yana bayyanar da yadda sau da dama da hulda tsakanin zargin a wata iyaka kama matsakaici ne weaker fiye da a wani wuri; ԑ = ԑₐ / ԑ₀ sau da yawa kira da hadaddun dielectric akai. Ԑ₀ lamba darajar, kuma ta girma shi ne dogara a kan irin raka'a aka zaba. da darajar ԑ - m. Saboda haka, a cikin tsarin ԑ₀ esu = 1 (wannan na hudu main naúrar). A SI injin permittivity aka bayyana by:

ԑ₀ = 1 / (4π˖9˖10⁹) farad / mita = 8,85˖10⁻¹² f / m (a cikin wannan tsarin shi ne ԑ₀ wanda aka samu darajar).