Personal rayuwa da biography Tsiolkovskogo Konstantina Eduardovicha. Nasarori da sabuwar dabara Tsiolkovskii

Biography of Tsiolkovsky ne ban sha'awa ba kawai cikin sharuddan nasarori, ko da yake suna da wannan babban masanin kimiyya mai yawa. Tsiolkovsky da aka sani ga dama a matsayin developer na farko model roka, iya tashi cikin sarari. Bugu da kari, shi ne wani mashahuri masanin kimiyya a filin aeroastronavtiki, aerodynamics da aeronautics. Wannan sarari masanin kimiyya na duniya shahararru. Biography of Tsiolkovsky misali ne na juriyarsu. Ko da a cikin mafi wuya yanayi, ya ba ki ci gaba da kimiyya aiki.

Origin, yara

Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich (shekaru na rayuwa - 1857-1935) an haife ni a 09/17/1857 a Ryazan, a kauyen Izhevsk. Duk da haka, ya rayu a nan sosai dogon. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 3 da haihuwa, a Ignatievitch Edward, uba na masanin kimiyya, da matsaloli a cikin sabis fara. Saboda wannan, Tsiolkovsky ta iyali koma a 1860 a Ryazan.

Uwar tsunduma farko samuwar Constantine da kuma 'yan'uwansa. Ita ce ta sanar da shi zuwa ga karatu da rubutu, kazalika don matsahi na saba da kayan yau da kullum na ilmin lissafi. "Tatsũniyõyi" Aleksandra Afanaseva - wani littafi a kan wanda ya koyi karanta Tsiolkovsky. Uwarsa sanar da danta kawai haruffa da kuma yadda za a samar da kalmomi daga haruffa, Kostya gane kansa.

Sa'ad da yake 9 shekaru da haihuwa, ya kama wani sanyi bayan sledding, da mulufi zazzabi. A cuta ne mai wahala, wanda ke haifar da asarar ji Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky. Kurãme Constantine bai yanke ƙauna, ba rasa sha'awa a rayuwa. Yana da aka a wannan lokacin da ya fara samun shiga a cikin zanen. Tsiolkovsky ƙaunar yin takarda daban-daban Figures.

Edward Ignatievich a 1868 sake bar ba tare da wani aiki. The iyali koma Vyatka. A nan, 'yan'uwana ya taimaka Edward samun wani sabon aiki.

Ilimi a dakin motsa jiki, da mutuwar ɗan'uwansa, kuma uwarsa

Constantine, tare da Ignatius, ƙanensa, ya zama wani binciken a namiji Vyatka dakin motsa jiki a 1869. Tare da wahala, ya aka bai horo - akwai mutane da yawa batutuwa, da kuma malamai sun m. Bugu da kari, da, wani nauyi a sosai hana yaron. A wannan shekara suka ga mutuwa na Dmitry ta wana Constantine. Ta girgiza dukan iyali, kuma amma mafi yawansu duk - mahaifiyarsa, Maria Ivanovna (ta photo aka zayyana a sama), wanda shi ne sosai m ƙasũsuwa. A shekara ta 1870, ta ba zato ba tsammani ya mutu.

Uwar ta mutuwa gigice yaron. Kuma kafin cewa ya ba yawa ilmi Ziolkowski fara koyon mafi muni. Ya zama sa samun abinci ji su nauyi, saboda wanda ya zama mafi kuma mafi zama ruwan dare. An sani cewa Tsiolkovsky sau da yawa za a hukunta domin ya antics, ko da samu a cikin mai sanyaya. Constantine ya shekara ta biyu a cikin biyu daraja. Sa'an nan, da uku aji (a 1873), sai aka fitar da. More Tsiolkovsky babu inda kuma ba karatu. Tun wannan lokacin, ya yi aiki da kansa.

kai-da ilimi

Wannan lokacin Tsiolkovsky samu da gaskiya kira. The saurayi ya fara samun ilimi a kan nasu. Books, sabanin nahawu malami, da kariminci raba Tsiolkovsky ilimi da kuma taba soki. Sa'an nan Constantine shiga cikin kimiyya da fasaha kerawa. Tsiolkovsky halitta a lathe a gida, kazalika da yawan wasu ban sha'awa ƙirƙirãwa.

Rayuwa a Moscow

Edward Ignatievich mũminai a cikin ikon da ɗansa, ya yanke shawarar aika shi zuwa Moscow, don haka ya sa suna a cikin School of Engineering (yanzu MSTU. Bauman). Wannan ya faru a cikin watan Yuli 1873. Amma Kostya a makaranta da kuma ba su yi ga wasu unknown dalilin. Ya ci gaba malami a Moscow. Tsiolkovsky rayu sosai talauci, amma kokarin da ilmi ba. Ya ciyar a kan kayan aiki da kuma littattafan da aka aiko ta da uba na kudi ceto.

The saurayi ya tafi kowace rana a cikin Chertkovsky jama'a library, inda ya yi karatu kimiyya. Ga ya gana da Nikolaem Fedorovichem Fedorovym, wanda ya kafa Rasha cosmism. Wannan mutumin maye gurbin Constantine jami'a.

Tsiolkovsky shi ne na farko a shekara ta rayuwa a cikin Moscow, karatu kimiyyar lissafi da kuma ilmin lissafi farko. Suka bi ta na game da bambanci ilimin lissafi, mai siffar zobe da kuma hikimar tantance lissafi, mafi girma aljabara. Daga baya, Constantine karatu makanikai, sunadarai, da kuma ilmin taurari. Domin shekaru 3 da ya ƙware nahawu makaranta shirin, kazalika da babban ɓangare na jami'a. Uba da wannan lokaci ba zai iya samar da rayuwa Tsiolkovsky a Moscow. Constantine koma gida a cikin kaka na 1876 tikis da kuma raunana.

masu zaman kansu da darussan da

Da wuya aikin da yanayi mai wahala da ya kai ga tabarbarewar hangen nesa. Ziolkowski fara saka tabarau, bayan ya dawo gida. Tanadi karfi, sai ya fara bada zaman kansa darussa a ilmin lissafi da kuma kimiyyar lissafi. Bayan wani lokaci, ya ba da ake bukata da almajiransa, kamar yadda ya tabbata ba mai girma malami. Tsiolkovsky amfani da hanyoyin ci gaba da shi a cikin hali na darussa, tsakanin wanda shi ne babban gani zanga-zanga. Tsiolkovsky ga lissafi darussa sanya model na polyhedrons sanya daga takarda, gudanar tare da ƴan gwaje-gwajen a kimiyyar lissafi. Wannan sanã'anta shi da suna na malami, a fili bayanin abu. A ƴan kaunace Tsiolkovsky azuzuwan inda shi ko da yaushe ban sha'awa.

The mutuwar ɗan'uwansa, mai nasara, jarrabawa

Ignatius, da kane na Constantine, ya rasu a karshen 1876. A 'yan'uwa sun kasance sosai kusa tun suna yara, don haka ya mutuwa aka yi wata babbar duka a Constantine. Ziolkowski iyali a 1878 ya koma Ryazan.

Constantine nan da nan bayan da ya dawo wuce wani likita jarrabawa, sakamakon wanda saboda wani nauyi da aka saki daga aikin soja. Domin ci gaba da aiki a matsayin malami, to bukatar tabbaci daga share-fage. Kuma Tsiolkovsky warware wannan matsala - faduwar 1879 ya wuce jarrabawa a matsayin waje dalibi a farko lardin dakin motsa jiki. Yanzu a hukumance ya zama wani lissafi malami Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich.

Personal rai

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky a lokacin rani na 1880 auri 'yar mai shi daga cikin dakin a cikin abin da ya rayu. Kuma a watan Janairu 1881, Edward mutu Ignatievich.

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky yara: 'yar da' ya'ya uku maza Love - Ignatius, Alexander da kuma Ivan.

Aiki a cikin Borovsk gundumar makaranta, da farko kimiyya takardunku

Tsiolkovsky yi aiki a Borovsk gundumar malamar makaranta, a layi daya ci gaba da karatu a gida. Ya yi zane-zane, ya yi aiki a kan rubuce-rubucen, gudanar da wani gwaji. Da farko aikin da aka rubuta a kan makanikai a ilmin halitta. Tsiolkovsky a 1881 halitta ta farko da aikin da za a iya gani da gaske kimiyya. Muna magana ne game da "ka'idar gas". Amma sai da ya koya daga DI Mendeleev cewa gano wannan ka'idar ya faru shekaru 10 da suka wuce. Tsiolkovsky, duk da koma-baya, sai ya ci gaba da karatunsa.

Ci gaban da balan-balan tsarin

Daya daga cikin manyan matsaloli, wanda shagaltar da shi na dogon lokaci, shi ne ka'idar balloons. Bayan wani lokaci Tsiolkovsky gane cewa wannan musamman matsalar ne don kula. The masanin kimiyya ci gaba da zane na balan-balan. A sakamakon aikin da aka Tsiolkovsky "The ka'idar da kwarewa da wani balan-balan ..." (1885-86 gg.). A wannan aiki da shi ya sami kuɓuta ta halittar wani tushen sabon zane airship da ciwon bakin ciki karfe harsashi.

House wuta Tsiolkovsky

Biography of Tsiolkovsky alama da masifu na Afrilu 23, 1887 A wannan rana, ya komo daga Moscow bayan sabuwar dabara na da rahoto. A sa'an nan da wuta ya faru a gidan Tsiolkovsky. Yana ƙone model, rubuce-rubucen, library, zane da kuma dukan iyali da dukiya, sai dai dinki na'ura (shi ya jefa a cikin yadi ta taga). Sai ya zama mai wuya duka ga Tsiolkovsky. Sai ya bayyana ji da kuma tunani a cikin wani rubutum taken "da salla."

Canja wuri zuwa Kaluga, sabon ayyuka da nazarin

DS Unkovsky, darektan na farko makarantu, 27 Janairu 1892 samarwa don canja wurin zuwa makaranta da Kaluga daya daga "m" da kuma "iya aiki" na malamai. Ga Tsiolkovsky rayu har zuwa rasuwarsa. Daga 1892 ya yi aiki a cikin Kaluga gundumar malamar makaranta na lissafi da kuma ilmin lissafi. Tun 1899, masana kimiyya ma ba darussa a kimiyyar lissafi a cikin mata diocesan School. Tsiolkovsky rubuta a Kaluga su main ayyuka a ka'idar jet propulsion, Aerospace, sarari ilmin halitta da kuma magani. Bugu da kari, ya ci gaba aiki a kan ka'idar ƙarfe dirigible Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Hotuna gabatar a kasa - da image na tunawa da masanin kimiyyar a Moscow.

A 1921, bayan ƙarshen koyarwa, ya kuma bashi rayuwa sirri fensho. Daga wannan lokaci har zuwa rasuwarsa Tsiolkovsky biography alama ta hanyar nutsewa a cikin binciken, aiwatar da ayyukan, yaduwar ra'ayoyi. Koyar da shi yanzu ba a tsunduma.

Mafi wuya lokaci

A heaviest Tsiolkovsky zama na farko shekaru 15 na karni na 20th. Ignatius, ɗansa, ya kashe kansa a 1902. Bugu da kari, a 1908, da gidansa a lokacin da ruwan tsufana na Oka River flooded. Saboda wannan, muna da aka buga daga cikin na'ura da kuma da yawa farfado, rasa da yawa musamman lissafin.

Da farko wuta, sa'an nan ambaliya ... Yana alama cewa Tsiolkovsky ba a kan m sharuddan da abubuwa. Af, tuna da wuta na 2001, wanda ya faru a kan Rasha jirgin. Jirgin kama da wuta, a kan Yuli 13 wannan shekara - "Konstantin Tsiolkovsky," da jirgin. Abin farin, yayin da babu wanda aka kashe, amma da jirgin kanta da aka mugun lalace. A ciki, duk abin da aka kone a matsayin wuta a 1887, wanda tsira Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.

Tarihinsa da aka alama matsaloli da cewa zai yi karya da yawa, amma ba shahara ucheogo. Kuma ransa bayan a yayin da ta zama sauki. Rasha jama'a masoya mirovedeniya Yuni 5, 1919 da masanin kimiyyar sanya zakara da kuma nada shi a fensho. Wannan ajiye Tsiolkovsky daga yunwa a lokacin rushewa, a matsayin Socialist Academy Yuni 30, 1919 bai yarda da shi a cikin su darajõji, kuma haka bari ba tare da wani abincinsu. Muhimmancin da model gabatar Tsiolkovsky ba yaba a Physico-Chemical Society. A shekarar 1923, Alexander, ya ɗa na biyu, ya dauki ransa.

Yarda da shugabannin jam'iyyar

Soviet hukuma tunãtar Tsiolkovsky kawai a shekarar 1923, bayan sanya H. Oberth, Jamus likita, da littafin da roka injuna da kuma sarari tafiya. Rayuwa da kuma yanayin aiki Tsiolkovsky sa'an nan canja da cika fuska. Shugabannin jam'iyyar na Tarayyar Soviet kusantar da hankalin wannan shahararren kimiyya a matsayin Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Tarihinsa ya dade da aka alama ta wani yawa nasarori, amma su ba su da sha'awar a cikin iko da wannan duniya zuwa wani lokaci. Kuma a shekarar 1923, masana kimiyya da aka nada sirri fensho, bayar da yanayi na hayayyafa aiki. A Nuwamba 9, 1921 ya fara biya fensho da kuma ga ayyuka ga kimiyya. Tsiolkovsky samu wadannan kudi har Satumba 19, 1935 A yau mutu a Kaluga, wanda ya zama gida, Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich.

nasarori

Tsiolkovsky samarwa da dama ra'ayoyi da cewa sun samu aikace-aikace a cikin roka. Wannan gas rudders for iko da jirgin na roka. da yin amfani da propellants don sanyaya cikin matsanancin harsashi da jirgin a lokacin shigarwa na kumbon sama jannati a cikin yanayin duniya da sauransu. A fagen roka habaka, a nan ya tabbatar da Ziolkowski. Diddigin jam'i na daban-daban habaka kuma oxidants, shawarar yin amfani da man fetur tururi: oxygen da hydrocarbons ko hydrogen Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich. Ya firtsi hada da wani makirci turbomachine. Bugu da kari, ya buga a 1927 makirci da ka'idar da jirgin kasa a kan iska matashi. Da farko samarwa da shasi, zamiya saukar da jiki, shi ya Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich. Wannan ya ƙirƙira shi, yanzu ka san. Airship da kuma sarari tafiya - babban matsaloli da cewa masanin kimiyyar ya sadaukar da dukan rai.

A Kaluga, a gidan kayan gargajiya na tarihi na astronautics mai suna bayan wannan masanin kimiyyar, a cikin abin da za ka iya koya da yawa, ciki har da a kan irin wannan masana kimiyya, kamar yadda Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Hotuna da gidan kayan gargajiya gini da aka gabatar a sama. A ƙarshe, ina so in fadi wata jumla. Its marubucin - Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Quotes bayyana shi ga mutane da yawa, da kuma wannan, watakila, ka sani. "A duniya yana da wani shimfiɗar jariri, da hankali, amma ba wanda zai iya rayuwa har abada a wani shimfiɗar jariri," - ya ce daya Tsiolkovsky. Yau da wannan sanarwa da aka located a ƙofar wurin shakatawa zuwa gare su. Tsiolkovsky (Kaluga), inda ya binne masanin kimiyya.