Phenomenological ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a

Phenomenological ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a - a irin interpretive ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, wanda umurni ne faye hali jama'a a matsayin wani sabon abu da aka halitta kuma ake kullum sake ƙirƙirarsu a cikin ruhu na hulda mutane. Phenomenological falsafa kafa ta Edmund Husserl. Bi da ci gaban m Concepts, yana so ya haifar da wani falsafar da cewa zai yi kira ga tushen mu kwarewa da kuma ilimi. Ya yi imani da cewa ilimin kimiyya aka ƙara ware daga gaskiya, da kuma cewa wannan irin na sadarwa da za su iya mayar da phenomenology. Bayan shekaru 50 na Husserl ta shaida an yi amfani da dama sauran sociologists da nufin kawar da kafa zaman ka'idar, musamman kan tsarin functionalism, wanda aka gani a matsayin yanke daga rayuwar zamantakewa da kuma kwarewa.

Phenomenological falsafar kimiyya an yi karatu da kuma wani sanannen mutum - Alfredom Shyuts, wanda yake almajirin Edmund Husserl. Rinjayi da m interactionism da ra'ayoyi na American hadin ka'idar A.Shyuts yunkurin hada wadannan yankuna biyu da phenomenological fahimtar cewa a fili nuna a babban aiki - "The phenomenology na zamantakewa duniya." Wani muhimmin phenomenological zamantakewa da bincike shi ne aikin da Berger da kuma T.Lukmana "Social Construction na Reality." A farkon aikinsu shi ne a phenomenological bincike na yau da kullum da ilimi, wanda shi ne kusan ko da yaushe muhimmi a bugawa. A ainihi, ilimi ne ko da yaushe nufi ga bayani na daban-daban m matsaloli. Sa'an nan Berger da kuma Luckman jayayya da cewa m ilimi aka samar da mutane da bala'in ya shafa da dukan jiki na ilimi da samar da sauransu.

Ana zargin da phenomenological ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a cikin adabi da aka sau da yawa sosai hade da adawa da positivism, naturalism, tsarin functionalism da empiricism. Don wasu har wannan gaskiya ne. Kuma duk da haka, domin nuna phenomenological ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, akwai sauran muhimman dalilai, wasu daga abin da yake a cikin dabaru na duk zaman kimiyya. Daya daga cikin manyan dalilan - bukatar nazarin zamantakewa duniya a matsayin talakawa, da ake kira yau da kullum, da duniya daga cikin mutum. A wannan yanayin, akwai da ake nufi wani mutum wanda yake iya ji, kwarewa, kuma ku yi jihãdi a cimma wani abu. A wannan hasashe, da zamantakewa duniya, kamar yadda a batu na sociological bincike, aka juya a cikin wani duniya na kayadadden kwarewa, a cikin wasu kalmomi,-hujja a duniya. Yanzu zamantakewa duniya - a rayuwa duniya da mutanen da wanda ayyuka da kayadadden ma'anar da suke kaucewa dogara a kan wadanda abubuwa, wanda zai shafi su. A nan ne mai duniya na rayuwa da kuma ya yi nazarin phenomenological ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a.

Modern Phenomenology a ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, da kuma musamman ta proponents, shiryar da cewa a waje (external) da mutum duniya ne sakamakon halittar sani. Ba tare da kin yarda da wanzuwar haƙiƙa duniya, zamantakewa masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa shi ne zama da muhimmanci a mutane kawai a lokacin da suka gaske gane shi, kuma idan ya fitar da haƙiƙa waje mutane zuwa ciki na ra'ayin wani. A wannan yanayin, mutane gane duniya ba sosai kamar yadda ta mamaki, watau mamaki. Phenomenological ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a cikin wannan hali yana daya Babban burin - don gano, fahimta da kuma sanin yadda mutane aka umurce (ginannun) mamaki gane duniya a zuciyar ka, sa'an nan kuma fassara su ilmi na duniya a rayuwar yau da kullum. A mafi alhẽri ga warware irin wannan matsala, tare da phenomenological ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a amfani da ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a na ilimi. Saboda haka, phenomenological ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a ne sha'awar ba sosai haƙiƙa duniya na zamantakewa matakai da kuma mamaki, da yawa hanyar da duniya da yawa Tsarin gane talakawa mutane a rayuwarsu ta kullum. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa za mu iya amincewa ce da cewa magoya bayan wannan Trend yana da wadannan manufa - to fahimta da kuma fahimtar duniya a rayuwa ta ruhaniya.