Pisarev na "Storm". Pisarev m labarin game da "Storm" Ostrovsky

Abin da ka yi tunani game da shi, a lokacin da sake karanta abin da na rubuta Dmitriy Ivanovich Pisarev game da "Storm" Aleksandra Nikolaevicha Ostrovskogo? Zai yiwu gaskiya cewa adabi bi geniuses ... Golden Rasha adabi na XIX karni, farko da na kasa da kasa nasara a shayari, da tsakiyar karni da kuma ya za'ayi da litattafan, bauta a matsayin "ray na haske" ga dukkan Rasha al'umma. Wannan, ba shakka, ba magana game da poetic ayyukan Pushkin, litattafan Gogol, Ostrovsky.

Rundunar wa'adin labarin

Mataki na ashirin da game da "hadiri" Pisarev ne mai mayar da martani ga dan kasa yana gaisawa yanki na karshe karni. Rubuta a 1959 da Aleksandrom Nikolaevichem Ostrovskim play a biyar ayyukan daukan zinariya Rasha adabi wani wuri na musamman. Wannan ban mamaki aiki ya yi aiki a matsayin mai iko impetus ga kara raya da labarun almara. Evidence da wannan aiki a matsayin sa ba play sukar. Yana nuna wannan kima. Kuma a wata muhawara haife gaskiya, lalle! A fahimtar wannan yana da muhimmanci a san cewa labarin "sabubban Rasha wasan kwaikwayo", wanda sa Pisarev na "Storm" a review, aka rubuta a matsayin mayar da martani ga wani labarin da sukar wani sanannen wallafe-wallafen zargi Nikolai Dobrolyubov. A labarin, wanda jãyayya Pisarev, da ake kira mai haske - "Ray haske a cikin duhu ba". Mu yi kokarin samar da masu karatu tare da mu analysis sama aiki Dmitri Pisarev. Yana bautarka wani wuri na musamman a Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Ostrovsky kasa mayalwaci ci gaba a Rasha wasan kwaikwayo hakikanci muhimmi a Griboyedov "Bone ya tabbata daga wit".

Da muhimman hakkokin sabani da Dobrolyubov a play "hadiri"

Dmitry Ivanovich, ba shakka, yana mai connoisseur na ayyukan Ostrovsky kuma, lalle, lokacin da na fara aiki, warai Masana Mataki na ashirin da mashawarta wallafe-wallafen zargi Dobrolyubov, wanda ba ya san kuma mutunta. Duk da haka, a fili, wadannan zamanin d hikima (wato - "Socrates shi ne abokina, amma gaskiya ne - tsada"), Pisarev cikin wasan kwaikwayo Ostrovsky "hadiri" ya rubuta review.

The bukatar su bayyana ra'ayi, da ya gane, saboda shi ji: Dob kokarin nuna Katerina "lokaci gwarzo." Daga wannan wuri Dmitry Ivanovich fundamentally sãɓã wa jũna, kuma quite motsa. Saboda haka ya rubuta labarin "sabubban Rasha drama," inda tako a kan zargi da babban sabawa rubuce-rubucensu na aikin Nikolai Alexandrovich Dobrolyubova cewa Katerina Kabanova ne "ray haske a cikin duhu ba".

Kalinov a matsayin abin koyi ga Rasha

Lalle ne shĩ, labarin bayyana Pisarev na "Storm" tunaninsu, a fili da sanin cewa Dobrolyubovym Dana irin wannan "duhu" fasalin m daya County-matakin birane, kuma a gaskiya - duk Rasha tsakiyar XIX karni. Kalinov - kananan model na sararin kasa. Yana ra'ayin jama'a da dukan shakka na birane rayuwa ta nemi yin amfani da mutane biyu: da m, unscrupulous enrichment hanyoyin Savel Prokofitch Wild da kuma prude Shakespearean ikon yinsa, da m matar Kabanova Marfa Ignatevna (a na kowa - Kabaniha).

A cikin 60s na karshe karni Rasha kanta wata babbar kasa mai yawan al'umma da arba'in da raya aikin noma. Riga sarrafa wani cibiyar sadarwa na Railways. Very da ewa ba bayan da rubuce-rubuce na play Ostrovsky (more daidai, tun 1861, bayan rattaba hannu da Sarkin sarakuna Alexander II «Shelar», soke serfdom) da karuwar adadin da proletariat kuma, daidai da, ya fara masana'antu albarku.

Duk da haka, aka nuna a Ostrovsky ta stifling yanayi na pre-gyara al'umma, da shi shi ne, lalle gaskiya. A aikin da aka a bukatar, wuyar da muke sha ...

A munasaba daga cikin play ideas

Amfani da sauki shaida, a bayyana harshe ga mai karatu Halicci review Pisarev na "Storm". Takaitacciyar da guda na kayan ado ya aminci ya mayar a cikin m labarin. Yaya zai iya kasance in ba haka ba? Bayan duk, da matsaloli daga cikin play - burodi. Kuma Ostrovsky aikata wani babban abu ne, aikinsa tare da dukan zuciyarsa so a gina} ungiyoyin jama'a, maimakon "da duhu mulkin".

Duk da haka, masoyi masu karatu ... Abin da ya ce, hannunka a kan zuciya ... Za mu iya kiran a yau al'ummar mu ne "a mulkinka na haske, alheri da kuma leken asiri"? Shin wõfintattu rubutawa Ostrovsky Kuligina monologue: "Saboda gaskiya aikin taba yi mana karin abinci kullum. Kuma waɗanda suke tãre da kudi, sir, ya aka kokarin bautar da matalauta, saboda haka cewa ayyukan da ya gratuitous fi kudi ... taba bayan "? M, kawai kalmomi ...

Katerina - ba wani "ray na haske"

Pisarev zargi da "Storm" ta fara da karbo daga cikin wording na recklessness Dobrolyubova fitarwa. Ya motsa shi, ta amfani da hujjoji da dalilai daga cikin marubucin rubutu daga cikin play. Ya gardama ce kawai a kan Nikolay Dobrolyubov tunatar da rungumar sanya hikima da kwarewa pessimist game da karshe na wani fata. Bisa ga tattaunawa na Dmitry Ivanovich, jigon Catherine - melancholy, babu wani real nagarta, halayyar mutanen da suke kira "haske." A cewar Pisarev, Dob sanya tsanaki kuskure a cikin bincike na image na heroine daga cikin play. Ya tara dukan ta tabbatacce halaye a cikin wani aure tabbatacce image, kyalewa da shortcomings. A ra'ayi na Dmitry Ivanovich, muhimmanci harshen view na heroine.

Babban heroine daga cikin wahala da duhu mulki

A matasa mace zaune tare da mijinta Tikhon a-doka, da mai arziki m, da ciwon (as suka ce), "tukuru ikon", wanda mugun wayo ya jaddada da m labarin Pisarev. "The Storm", kamar yadda da ban tausayi play, sun fi mayar saboda wannan image. Kabaniha (as a titi suna da shi) pathologically fixated a kan halin kirki da zalunci na wasu, m Zagin, ya ci su, "kamar baƙin ƙarfe tsatsa." Wannan ta aikata a sanctimonious: .. Wannan ne kullum soliciting, gida "tafiya domin" (ko kuma wajen, wadannan da umarnin).

Tikhon da 'yar'uwarsa Barbara sun saba da uwarsa da jawabai. A musamman m zuwa ta cavils da wulãkanci 'yarta, Katherine. Ta yana da ciwon romantic, melancholic haukan, da gaske m. Ta m mafarkai da mafarkai gaba daya ta haifa baby ganewarsu. Yana cute, amma ba mai nagarta!

A rashin iyawa mu jimre wa kanta

A lokaci guda zargi Pisarev na "Storm" ma'ana nuna rashin ci gaba da kuma impulsivity Catherine. Ta auri ba ga soyayya. Kawai murmushi velirechivy Boris G., wani dan na Wild m, kuma - muna yi cikin sauri Kate a kan wani m rendezvous. A daidai wannan lokaci ta zama matsahi na saba da shi, a cikin manufa, da baƙo, bai tunani game da sakamakon. "Shin marubucin ya siffanta da" mai haske ray?! "- ya tambaye mai karatu wani mawuyacin labarin Pisarev. "The Storm" wakiltar wani musamman illogical hali, ba da sanin yadda za a ba kawai jimre da yanayi, amma kuma mu jimre wa kanta. Bayan da cin amana da mijinta, raunanar, kamar yaro tsoratar da tsawa da hysterics loony lady, ta shaida ga aikata laifi da kuma nan da nan gano tare da azabtar. Corny, ba da shi?

A da shawarar mahaifiyarta ta Tikhon "kadan", "to domin" yana. Duk da haka, mafi zalunci-a-dokar ne a kan tsari na sophistication. Bayan Catherine san cewa Boris da yake faruwa Kyakhta (Baikal), shi yana ba da nufin kuma da yanayi, da ya yanke shawarar kashe kansa: jefa cikin kogi, kuma Muka nutsar.

Katerina - ba wani "jarumi na lokaci"

Pisarev game da "hadiri" Ostrovsky muses philosophically. Ya abubuwan al'ajabi, ko da mutãne, a cikin baiwa jama'a ba bai wa babban hankali, ba su da nufin, ba don ilmantar da kansu, ba su fahimta da mutane - a cikin manufa, zama shiriya da haske. Na'am, wannan mace da aka taba da tawali'u, da kirki, kuma m, ta ba zai iya kare su ra'ayi. ( "Zan murkushe shi," - ya ce Katherine a kan Kabaniha). Eh, ta na da wani m, impressionable yanayi. Kuma irin wannan iya gaske laya (kamar yadda ya faru da Dobrolyubov). Amma wannan hujjar ba ya canja ... "Yana iya faruwa ba idan hali ya tashi a cikin play mutum -" a ray na haske "!" - ya ce Dmitry Ivanovich.

The balaga da rai - a yanayin} uruciyarsa

Haka kuma, shi ya cigaba da sèka, to yi saranda ga kananan, cikakken shawo kan matsalolin rayuwa da - shi ne shi mai nagarta? Wannan fili ma'ana tambaya aka bai da Pisarev game da "hadiri" Ostrovsky. Sai dai idan ta iya zama wani misali ga al'ummomi wanda makoma - don canja bawa Rasha, zalunta da gida "princelings" na irin Kabanihi kuma Wild? A mafi kyau, irin wannan kashe kansa zai iya sa jama'a outcry. Duk da haka, a sakamakon yaki da zamantakewa kungiyar na arziki da kuma manipulators dole ne ci gaba da karfi-so da kuma ilimi da mutane!

Duk da haka, ba ƙasƙantarwa comments game da Catherine Pisarev. "The Storm", in ji mai zargi, ba abin mamaki ba haka consistently kwatanta ta kama tun suna yara. Catherine image a cikin wannan ma'ana shi ne kamar ba za'a iya mantawaba image na Ili Ilicha Oblomova! Matsalar ta tanã haihuwar cikinta hali - a daidai dadi lokacin kuruciya da kuma samartaka. A iyaye bai shirya ta domin adulthood! Haka kuma, sun ba da ita a dace da ilimi.

Duk da haka, ya kamata a gane cewa, sabanin Ili Ilicha, da samun Katerina a mafi m yanayi fiye da Kabanov iyali, zai zama za su dauki, kamar yadda wani mutum. Ostrovsky wannan na samar da wani dalilin ...

Mene ne tabbatacce image na babban harafin

Wannan m mutunci, tabbatacce image - gaya labarin da Catherine Pisarev. "The Storm" tare da karatu kaiwa da karatu ya gane cewa babban harafin da gaske yana da wani ciki tunanin cajin halayyar da m hali. Ta muhimmi m na tabbatacce hali zuwa gaskiya. Ta lamirinsu ji da bukatar wata babbar Rasha al'umma - 'yancin mutum. Ta yana da wani latent makamashi (wanda ta ji, amma bai koyi don sarrafa shi). Saboda haka na yi kuka Katya kalmomi: "Don me mutane - ba tsuntsaye?". Marubucin bai bazata yi cikinsa da irin wannan gwadawa, saboda heroine subconsciously so 'yanci, da kama da wanda ya ji tsuntsu a guje. A 'yanci gwagwarmayar wanda shi rasa shafi tunanin mutum ƙarfi ...

ƙarshe

Don abin karshe ya takaita labarin Pisarev "sabubban Rasha wasan kwaikwayo"? "The Storm", dake nuna ba "jarumi na lokaci", ba "ray na haske". Wannan hoton ne da yawa weaker, amma ba art (a nan ne kawai lafiya), amma a cikin zuciya ga cikar ƙarfinku. Yana iya ba "lokaci gwarzo," "karya," kamar yadda wani hali. Bayan duk, mutanen da suke kira "haskoki na haske", maza maza su kashe fiye da karya. Kuma Katerina - rauni ...

Akwai duka sukar da janar shugabanci na tunani: wata kasida game da "Storm" Pisarev, kamar labarin Dobrolyubova daidai bi da sunan wasa. Wannan - ba kawai na yanayi sabon abu, tsoron bambamce zuwa mutuwa Catherine. Ã'a, shi ne game da zamantakewa rikici ya tashi muhawarar jama'a, a rikicin da ci gaban bukatun.

Ostrovsky - wani irin zargi. Duka zargi nuna, bi da Aleksandrom Nikolaevichem, mutane - ba su da 'yancin, sun kasance ba free, su ne a gaskiya batun "Kabaniha" da "daji". Me ya sa Dobrolyubov da Pisarev na "Storm" sun rubuta haka daban.

Dalilin wannan shi ne haƙĩƙa zurfin da aikin, a cikin abin da akwai fiye da daya ma'anar "kasa". Yana yana da ilimin halin dan Adam, da kuma zamantakewa. Kowace daga wallafe-wallafen sukar a nasu kẽwaye daban kafa manyan al'amurra. Kuma duka biyu daya da kuma sauran da aka yi tare da iyawa, da kuma Rasha adabi kawai amfana daga wannan. Saboda haka, yana wauta mamaki: "Pisarev daga cikin play" hadiri "rubuta daidai ko Dob?". Lalle, ya kamata ka karanta duka biyu articles ...