Pneumothorax: Bayyanar cututtuka, Sanadin kuma Jiyya

Pathological yanayin a cikin abin da pleural rami (tsaguwa-dimbin yawa sarari tsakanin parietal da visceral pleura kewaye kowane huhu) accumulates iska ko wasu gas gaurayawan aka sani a matsayin pneumothorax. Alamun, haddasawa da kuma lura da wannan yanayin, ka yi la'akari a cikin labarin.

Overview

Domin da pleural rami a al'ada jihar halin da korau matsa lamba, wannan na samar da wani isasshen numfashi inji. Idan da zanen gado suna lalace pleura (msl, a sakamakon gibin da yankin na huhu ko bronchus) da kuma kuskure a cikin pleural rami iska matsa lamba da aka farke zuwa yanayi ko ya wuce shi. The iska wanda ya shiga cikin da pleural rami take kaiwa zuwa matsawa na huhu, shi tsokani spadenie da kuma kashe daga yi na numfashi. Tare da babban girma da iska m haske shi ne kuma batun karfi matsa lamba, ban da wannan kuma, akwai wani motsi na mediastinal gabobin (manyan tasoshin na zuciya). Duk wannan ƙwarai damemu da jini wurare dabam dabam da kuma numfasawa.

Pneumothorax: cuta cututtuka

Cutar da ake bayyana ta da wadannan siffofin:

• Nan da nan da ke faruwa ciwon kirji - m, kara lokacin yin wahayi. M majiyai iya yada wa kafada ya shafa gefe.

• Nan da nan tasowa dyspnea - shortness na numfashi, m m numfashi.

• Dry tari.

• Quickening na zuciya rate.

• Bayyanar da fata a mai sanyi gumi.

• Janar rauni.

• A ji tsoro.

• Cyanosis da fata (idan sosai wurare dabam dabam da kuma numfasawa furta).

siffofin da cutar

• Open pneumothorax. Alamun wannan yanayin ne: tsinkãyi cikin pleural rami na iska ta cikin lalace manyan bronchi ko rauni daga cikin kirji na Magana da yanayi a lokacin inhalation iska ta shiga pleural kogo da ke mayar da su lokacin da karewa. A matsa lamba a cikin pleural rami idan aka kwatanta da na yanayi, wanda tsokani atelectasis da kuma kashe da ya numfasawa.

• An Rufe pneumothorax tasowa a cikin iska shigar azzakari cikin farji cikin pleural rami saboda wani aibi na pleura. Tsakanin pleural kogo da kuma yanayi babu wani sako, da kuma tarko iska a cikin juz'i na bai kara. rufaffiyar pneumothorax ne mafi sauki ga wani asibiti ra'ayi. The iska a cikin wani karamin adadin iya narke kansu. Idan akwai wata rufaffiyar pneumothorax, cututtuka a cikin wannan hali, wadannan: zafi daga lalace gefen daga cikin kirji, kodadde fata, shortness na numfashi.

• Awon karfin wuta (bawul) pneumothorax. Wannan irin Pathology mafi wuya. Alama bawul pneumothorax - wani samuwar a kan rauni da kuma lalacewar manyan bronchi talakawan tamanin da bawul tsarin da zai baka damar iska a cikin pleural rami a lokacin wahayi da kuma hana ta fita zuwa waje muhalli. A girma daga iska a cikin pleural kogo yayin girma. Wannan tsokani hijirar da kuma matsawa na mediastinal gabobin da tsanani da cuta daga jini wurare dabam dabam da kuma numfasawa.

Pneumothorax: Sanadin cutar

Dangane da Sanadin cutar sun gano wani yawan jinsunan.

maras wata-wata pneumothorax

Alamun a Pathology lalacewa ta hanyar katsewa rabo bronchus ko huhu da ba a hade da wani inji lalacewar na thorax ko huhu. Maras wata-wata pneumothorax iya zama:

1. Primary (idiopathic) tasowa wani kwakkwaran dalili ba. Shin mafi yiwuwa ga irin wannan jiha na samari 20-40 shekaru na ci gaba. Pathology sau da yawa tasowa a sakamakon:

• genetically sa rashi na enzyme alpha-1-antitrypsin, kuma tsokane pathological canje-canje a cikin huhu.

• nakasar wani rauni da pleura, wanda za a iya saukin fashewa a bushe da dariya, karfi da tari, da zafin jiki da motsa jiki, zurfin numfashi.

• bambanci matsa lamba sakamakon zurfin nutsewa a cikin ruwa, ruwa gudu a wani jirgin sama.

2. Secondary (symptomatic), a lokacin da bango na riga data kasance cutar huhu tasowa maras wata-wata pneumothorax. Alamun faruwa saboda:

• numfashi cututtuka, misali, yana iya zama na kullum obstructive na huhu cuta (na kullum kumburi cuta na numfashi tsarin, wanda tasowa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar daban-daban muhalli dalilai, babban wadanda - shi ne shan taba, har suka sa ci gaban da kullum na numfashi gazawar), cystic fibrosis (wani gaji cuta ga wanda halin da rushewa daga cikin exocrine gland), mai tsanani exacerbation na fuka.

• cututtuka na huhu, misali, da tarin fuka (cutar lalacewa ta hanyar mycobacteria), huhu ƙurji (iyakance mai da hankali kumburi huhu nama, wanda aka halin narkewa daga cikin huhu da nama da kuma rami samuwar cika da surkin jini abun ciki), inflammations na huhu (ciwon huhu) da HIV.

• huhu cututtuka halin da raunuka na connective nama fibrosing alveolitis, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, sarcoidosis, histiocytosis X;

• tsari pathologies daga cikin connective nama da cutar huhu: tsari scleroderma, rheumatoid amosanin gabbai, dermatomyositis.

• marurai (huhu ciwon daji).

traumatopnea

A dalilan da wannan sabon abu - wannan shi ne lalacewa daga cikin kirji:

• m rauni.

• iya shiga rauni.

iatrogenic pneumothorax

Wannan Pathology ne a sakamakon wani likita hanyoyin:

• pleural ko huhu biopsy.

• huda.

• Cancantar subclavian catheter.

• inji iska.

bincikowa da

Domin yin ganewar asali "pneumothorax" cuta cututtuka ya kamata a hankali karatu da gwani a cikin likita jarrabawa. Ganewar asali ya hada da wadannan ayyukan:

• Haƙuri jarrabawa: auscultation (auscultation) huhu jarrabawa da thorax.

• Chest radiography, ta wajen wanda shi ne mai yiwuwa a gane iska a cikin pleural yankin. A hanya ne na farko Hanyar diagnosing pneumothorax.

• Jini gas abun da ke ciki.

• Lissafta tomography, wanda ba ka damar gano Sanadin sakandare maras wata-wata pneumothorax. Wannan bincike Hanyar da aka yi amfani da lokacin da X-haskoki ba isasshe m.

• Electrocardiography, ta amfani da yana yiwuwa su gane wani abnormality a cikin zuciya na bawul (aiki) pneumothorax.

• Shawara Thoracic likita.

gaggawa

Ya kamata ka san yadda za ku ba da taimako na farko domin wannan pathological yanayin, kamar yadda pneumothorax. Bayyanar cututtuka na shi ya zama mai siginar zuwa gaggawa likita mataki. A haƙuri shi ne na farko zama dole domin tabbatar da free damar da oxygen zuwa kwantar da shi saukar da kira likita nan da nan.

Outdoor pneumothorax unshi da danniyan daga occlusive dressings, wanda sealingly rufe lalace rabo daga cikin kirji bango. Bandeji wanda ba zai wuce iska, za a iya sanya daga polyethylene ko littafin Cellophane, kuma wani lokacin farin ciki Layer na auduga-gauze.

Lokacin da bawul pneumothorax bukatar nan da nan gudanar da pleural huda, wanda zai taimaka wajen yada huhu, kawar da free gas da kuma hana hijirar na mediastinal gabobin.

Matakan magance da Pathology

Idan kamu da pneumothorax, magani ya shafi wadannan ayyukan:

• Pleural needling, a da tsotsa iska daga pleural kogo.

• M suturing Bronchial discontinuities, huhu, kirji bango raunin.

• Draining da pleural rami tare da kafa wata magudanun tube, ta hanyar abin da kau da iska daga cikin pleural rami zai faru.

• Idan zafi ya furta tare da irin pathologies kamar yadda pneumothorax, magani iya hada da yin amfani da anesthetics.

• Oxygen (m oxygen samar da tsarin da musamman shambura).

• Pleurodesis - Fusion hanya pleura amfani da tiyata ko allura a cikin pleural rami na musamman magani (idan maimaita akai-akai pneumothorax).

Matsalolin da kuma sakamakon

Pneumothorax - mai tsanani yanayin da zai iya sa:

• Intrapleural zub da jini.

• Pleurisy - kumburi da pleura, wanda aka halin da samuwar adhesions, har suka sa disturbances faruwa haske.

• Subcutaneous emphysema - wani sabon abu a cikin abin da iska tsere zuwa cikin subcutaneous mai. Ƙayyade da jihar sassa na kumburi, kumburi na subcutaneous nama: a lokacin da ka danna a kan su, akwai wani rarrabe sauti, kama da crunch na bushe snow.

• Air shigar da mediastinal nama. A wannan yanayin, akwai matsawa daga cikin manyan tasoshin da kuma zuciya.

• A tsanani lokuta (tare da manyan rauni girma, muhimmanci iya shiga raunuka daga cikin kirji) da aka fitar da mulki ba a mutuwa.

rigakafin

Don hana pneumothorax, kamata bi wasu sharudda:

• Lokaci da su bi da cutar huhu.

• Tsaya shan taba.

• Kauce wa kirji raunin.

• Idan pneumothorax faru quite sau da yawa, shi ne bu mai kyau zuwa ga gudanar da wani pleurodesis hanya (kabu pleura).

ƙarshe

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu tattauna da irin wannan cuta a matsayin pneumothorax. Alamun, haddasawa da kuma magani ka'idodinta Pathology aka yi nazari da mu. A wani pneumothorax bukatar nan da nan arin na haƙuri ga tiyata. Tare da isasshen zamani far hangen nesa kwatsam pneumothorax ne yawanci m. Nasarar da magani daga traumatic pneumothorax rinjayar da yanayin na biyu lalacewa da kirji. Ki kula da kanki da kuma zauna lafiya!