Rayuwa a Rasha a shekaru 90. 90 shekaru na karni na ashirin: tarihin Rasha

Kowane shekaru goma na XX karni a idanun talakawa dan kasa ne fentin da wasu daga cikin launi, shimmering launuka iri-iri. Ashirin ko talatin ga wani - a shekaru biyar-biyar lokaci, babbar sha'awa da kuma intercontinental iska tafiya, ga wasu shi ne overshadowed da m danniya. Forties rhyme da "dutse", suka suna fentin fari da launin toka bandeji filin asibitoci, black hayaki da kuma orange harshen wuta da kona garuruwansu. Hamsin hamsin - budurwa kuma dudes. A sittin - shiru, amma ba wani mai arziki rai. Seventies - grated tubali flared jeans, hippies da jima'i juyin juya halin. Eighties - sneakers shtany- "ayaba" da "Felicita". Kuma a sa'an nan da mafarki mai ban tsoro ya fara rayuwa a Rasha. A cikin 90s da shi ya ba da sauki tsira. Wannan a kan su, kuma ya tsaya.

kawayeniya

Shekaru goma soma kirgawa daga shekarar farko. Alal misali, a 1970-th kwanakin baya zuwa sittin. Saboda haka, na farko a cikin wannan da jin tsoro-m zamanin dauke da rushewar da shekara (ko rushewar) na Tarayyar Soviet. Bayan abin da ya faru a watan Agusta na shekarar 1991, game da glavenstvuyusche-manyan rawar da CPSU da jawabin iya ba tafi. Sai ya zama ba zai yiwu ba ga santsi zamiya zuwa kasuwa, wanda yake shi ne halayyar saboda mutane da yawa na duniya tattalin arziki bayan rushewar gurguzu tsarin (irin su China). Amma kusan ba wanda ya so. Mutane bukaci canji - kuma nan da nan. Rayuwa a Rasha a shekaru 90 ya fara da mafarki cewa wajibi ne a yi karamin mataki, da kuma kasar za su fara rayuwa a matsayin daya m, kazalika da habaka West, wanda ya zama wani abin koyi ga masu rinjaye na yawan jama'a a duk. 'Yan zaton zurfin abyss wanda ya ta'allaka ne gaba. Yana da jũna da cewa Amurka dakatar "fooling kewaye", taimaka da shawara da kuma kudi, da kuma Russia za su shiga daya daga cikin "m al'ummai", hawa a tsada cars, da suke zaune a cottages, babbar saka tufafin da kuma zagaya} asashen duniya. Kamar yadda ya faru, amma ba dukan.

bugu

Instantaneous miƙa mulki ga wata kasuwar tattalin arzikin da ya sa tura (Eng. A Shock). Wannan m sabon abu da aka kira "buga far", amma waraka tsari yana da kõme ba su yi. Da warware farashin a shekaru 90 ya fara girma sau da yawa fiye da masu samun kudin shiga mafi yawan jama'a. Sberbank adibas rasa darajar, game da su sau da yawa cewa, su "bace", amma dokokin kiyayewa al'amarin da yi a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar. Babu wani abu da vuya, ciki har da kudi da cewa kawai canza masu su ba. Amma da passbook ba iyaka zuwa: bazara na shekarar 1992 da kamfanonin dukkan jama'a dukiya. Shar'ance, da tsari da aka tsara a matsayin kyauta goma-cak, ga abin da ƙa'ida iya saya hannun jari na kamfanoni. A gaskiya, wannan Hanyar shan wahala daga wani muhimmin lahani. Saboda haka ake kira "baucoci" massively sayi up da wadanda suke da kudi ga shi, da kuma yiwuwar, kuma nan da nan masana'antu, gama gonaki da sauran abokai na Soviet management shige cikin zaman kansa hannuwanku. A ma'aikata da manoma samu kome ba a sake. Yana ba mamaki kowa.

siyasa canje-canje

A shekarar 1991, Amirka Wakilanmu a cikin ofishin na tsohon shugaban kasar na Tarayyar Soviet (a wancan lokacin riga timidly share) ya nuna farin ciki a kan nasara a kan "mugunta daular" tare da m kukan "wow!" Kuma m exclamations. Suna da dalilin yi imani da cewa duniya ta kawai counterweight to US dominance planetary nasarar shafe ta. Sun yi imani da cewa Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Rasha za su nan da nan bace daga taswirar, shi tsãgewar ƙwãyar cikin hõrarriya guda waje lugar demoralized-bayi. Ko da yake mafiya yawa daga cikin batutuwa na RSFSR (sai Chechnya da Tatarstan) sun bayyana kwadayin ci gaba da zama a cikin kowa jihar, hallakaswa trends an lura quite a fili. Domestic manufofin Rasha a cikin 90s aka bayyana shugaba Yeltsin da kiran tsohon autonomies dauki matsayin mai yawa da mulki kamar yadda suke so.

Ciki hakikar sun iya zana a cikin mafi mabiyin taimako ga aware hadin kai. A harbi bindigogi tankuna hasumiya gini na Majalisar Koli (Oktoba 1993), da yawa wadanda, tsaro da wakilan da sauran al'amura da taimakawa ga flourishing dimokuradiyya, ba ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa wani shike a kan wani ɓangare na kasashen waje abokan. Bayan da cewa shi aka legally firam cikin kundin tsarin mulki na Rasha Federation, kullum tare da wani m rubutu, amma ajiye da norms na dokar kasa da kasa sama na kasa da bukatun. Oh, da kuma majalisar dokokin kasar da aka yanzu hada biyu da bẽnãye, da Federation Council da kuma jihar Duma. Yana da quite wani.

al'ada

Babu wani abu haka characterizes da yanayi na epoch matsayin rayuwar ruhaniya na Rasha. A cikin shekaru 90 na gwamnatin kudade ga al'adu da shirye-shirye da aka rage, maimakon shi tartsatsi tallafawa. Sananne "garura jackets" a cikin pauses tsakanin harbi da undermining na nasu irin kasaftawa kudi domin gudanar da ayyukan da haɗuwa da dandani, wanda lalle ta shafi ingancin film, music, adabi, wasan kwaikwayo, har ma da zane. Ya fara da outflow na talented ma'aikatan kasashen waje a search na mafi rayuwa. Duk da haka, 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da wani tabbatacce gefe. Talakawa sun gane da waraka rawar da addini a general da Kristanci musamman, da gina sabon majami'u. Wasu artists (N. Mikhalkov, Vladimir Todorovski, N. Tsiskaridze, Safronov, Shilov) ãga a cikin wannan wuya lokacin da ya halicci gaskiya Masterpieces.

Chechnya

A ci gaba da Rasha a cikin 90s aka wuya da manyan sikelin-ciki da makamai rikici. A shekarar 1992, Jamhuriyar Tatarstan ba ya so ya gane kansu a matsayin wani ɓangare na] aukacin tarayya kasar, amma rikici ya gudanar ya ci gaba a cikin wani m tsarin. In ba haka ba shi ya faru tare da Chechnya. An yi yunkurin warware batun ta hanyar karfi juya a cikin wani bala'i a kasa sikelin, tare da ayyukan ta'addanci, da aka yi garkuwa-karɓarsu ga kuma fada. A gaskiya, a mataki na farko da yaki Rasha aka ci, ba su gane shi rubuce a cikin 1996 sanya hannu na Khasavyurt yarjejeniyar. Wannan ya tilasta tafi ya kawai ta wucin gadi jinkiri, in general, halin da ake ciki barazanar shiga wani uncontrolled lokaci. Kawai a cikin shekaru goma na biyu lokaci na soji da kuma bayan wayo siyasa haduwa gudanar ya kawar da hatsarin da rushewar kasar.

jam'iyyar rai

"Pluralism" ne lokaci bayan yarjejeniyoyin da kenkenewa na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis. Rasha a cikin 90s na karni na 20th zama Multi-ƙungiya kasar. Mafi mashahuri ba na gwamnati kungiyoyin da suka fito a kasar, ya ce da LDPR (Liberal Democrats), Jam'iyyar Kwaminis (gurguzu), "Yabloko" (bayar da shawarwari game zaman kansa dukiya, da kasuwar tattalin arziki da kuma dukan dimokuradiyya), "Yã Home - Rasha" (Chernomyrdin tare da folded "gidan" dabino, embodies da gaskiya kudi Elite). Wani ya da "Democratic Choice" Gaydar, "kawai sa" (kamar yadda sunan ya ɗauka - akasin hagu) da kuma da dama daga jam'iyyun. Su a haɗe, rabu, arangama da jayayya, amma, a general, ya dubi kadan daban-daban daga juna, ko da yake iri daban dabam rayuwar siyasa a Rasha a cikin 90s. All mu yi alkawari cewa zai kasance da kyau. A mutane ba su yi imani.

Zaben-96

The aiki na siyasa ne don ƙirƙirar da mafarki cewa shi ne daban-daban daga wani real dattaku, amma a lokaci guda, kama da fim darektan. Operation na gani images ne fi so Hanyar waɗanda suke neman saya rãyukansu, motsin zuciyarmu da kuma rare zaben. Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, kunã mãsu alfãhari maida su ba kome da nostalgic yanayi, idealized Soviet rayuwa. A Rasha a cikin 90s quite m yadudduka na yawan tuna da mafi kyau na sau, a lokacin da babu yaki, akwai aka haka latsa tambaya na samun arziki kamar yadda irin wannan da babu wata m da sauransu. N. jam'iyyar kwaminis shugaban Gennady Zyuganov, wanda ya yi alkawari zai koma duk da wannan, na yi duk da chances zama shugaban Rasha. Oddly isa, shi bai faru ba. Babu shakka, mutane har yanzu ya san cewa a koma gurguzu tsarin har yanzu so ba. Point of babu sama da aka wuce. Amma zaben sun ban mamaki.

Ƙarshen nineties

Relive da nineties a Rasha da kuma sauran tsohon Tarayyar kasashen, shi ya ba da sauki, kuma yana iya ba duk. Amma jima ko daga baya ƙare. Yana zo ga ƙarshe da zamanin Yeltsin, da kuma shi ne mai kyau da cewa canji mana dauki wuri ba tare da zubar da jini, ba tare da ana tare da daya daga cikin mummunan jayayya, wanda su ne don haka m, a tarihin mu. Bayan wani dogon stagnation fara raya, duk da haka m da kuma jinkirin, da tattalin arziki, da al'adu da kuma rai na ruhaniya. Rasha a shekaru 90 ya samu sosai m da kuma kawo hadari ga dukan jihar kwayoyin maganin, amma kasar ta msa shi, ko da yake ba ba tare da rikitarwa. Allah ya yarda, za darasi na nan gaba.