Reserve Karadag a Crimea. Flora da fauna da ajiye Karadag

Reserve Karadag (daga Turkic - "Black Mountain") - mafi kyau kusurwa na Crimea, wanda shi ne m, a mafi yawan daga cikin baƙi na wannan yanki. Housed a kudu-maso-gabashin part, tsakanin garuruwa na Spa, Koktebel da Shebetovka (kusa Feodosia), shi ne kawai daya a Turai ma'aunan kasa abu, wanda gidaje da wani tsoho dadaddun aman wuta.

Karadag ajiye: aman wuta

Its shigowa da cewa ya faru a kan miliyan 120 da suka wuce, kuma ya bi bayan da na halitta matakai kai ga halittar wani musamman hadaddun na picturesque, majestic kuma na musamman. Black Sea kashe bakin tekun na Karadag dubi ban mamaki: blue-blue kyalkyali ruwa, kamar tinted frosting da kullum canza launi daga turquoise zuwa taushi lush cornflower, to gasa tare da sama blue.

Sveta Gora Karadag: mu'ujjizan warkarwa

Massif Karadaga kafa ta dama vertices whimsical siffofi kama impregnable ganuwar da turrets da battlements. Bãyansu tsaye da domed Mai Tsarki Mountain - tsororuwar da Karadag tsawo 577 mita. An rufe tare da itace, shi ne hada kusan gaba ɗaya daga hanya - dutse kafa ta volcanic ash da kuma ciwon greenish launi. A zamanin da shi ne a kan dutsen da aka wuri mai tsarki na aljanna Kali. A na karni AD. e. Tsarki Mountain wani wuri na ibada na Allah-warkarwa Asclepius.

A cikin XIX karni da labari da aka yada a tsakanin Tatar yawan jama'a, wanda shi ne Ruhu Mai Mountain ya unmarked kabari na saint, to warkar da marasa lafiya. Wanne addini mallakar mu'ujiza ma'aikacin, shi kuwa bai sanu ba me ya sa ya aka girmama da kuma Musulmi, da Kirista. Kusa da yamma taron jama'a converged a halin yanzu ajiye Karadag da kuma kawo wa wannan wuri a kuraye marasa lafiya da suke da dare sunã yanke strands na gashi kuma guda na tufafi, daura da su zuwa ga rassan bishiyoyi da kuma shrubs tare da wani ra'ayi zuwa ci gaba da cutar a wannan wuri. A haƙuri da aka sanya a kan wani dutsen kabari rufe da fatun tumaki, da kuma bar na dare. A cikin mafarki shi ne Ruhu Mai Tsarki, ya fassara a cikin hanyar cutar, da alama yi ta unguwa ko aika dawo. Yi mu'ujiza cures wanzu for ƙarni, kusan zuwa farkon yakin duniya na biyu.

Daga cikin ra'ayi na kimiyya yana warkar da damar iya yin komai na Ruhu Mai Mountain bayyana ta tara sakamakon wannan wuri iko geomagnetic makamashi karfi da tasiri da sauyin yanayi, Flora da fauna. A sepulchral slab (dutse - megalith) ne accumulator da makamashi, aka nike tashi, da tashar wutar lantarki da aka sace, da wuri lalatashi a lokacin Soviet lokaci. A halin yanzu, yunkurin da ake yi don mayar da bata kaya.

Karadag dutse

Karadag Nature Reserve, tarihin wanda shi ne ɗan kamar wata dama hikaya, musamman dutsen tsarin, kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da na halitta abubuwa da kuma kama m dabbobi: A doki-Gingerbread, da Sphinx, Ivan dan damfara, Iblis Thumb. Whole thematic abun da ke ciki tsaye Ridge Kagarach wanda vertices ake kira sarki, Sarauniya, Al'arshi, Sweet. A wasu wurare da duwãtsu ja da baya a bit, m karamin Cove tare da kunkuntar-rimmed rairayin bakin teku, kuma da ciwon da wani sabon abu da sunan: kwado, carnelian, zaki, Border, fashi, Barakhta.

Golden Gate - katin kasuwanci na Karadag

Dutsen tsarin Golden Gate ne hallmark na Karadag. Kawai 'yan kwanaki a shekara (kusa da kwanan wata na hunturu solstice), ta hanyar abin da za ka iya sha'awan da fitõwar rãnã. An sani cewa a zana kofa Karadag aiwatuwa a wani rubutun na "Eugene Onegin" AS Pushkin, suka yi tafiya a Tauris. Golden Gate yana da har yanzu a na biyu sunan - Shaitan-Kapu (in ba haka ba - Iblis Gate). An yi imani da cewa a cikin wannan wuri akwai wani hanya zuwa jahannama. Externally, da Golden Gate ne da baka, da ruwa zurfin ƙoramu ne 15 mita, tsawo saman teku - 8 mita, nisa - 6 mita. Akwai imani cewa, tafiya a karkashin wannan baka, su jefa a tsabar kudi a cikin dutse (haka ta Rang) da kuma nan da nan yi fata cewa lalle za ta zo.

The musamman da suka bambanta da Karadag

Karadag ajiye (photo gabatar a cikin labarin) ne na musamman ba kawai kankara da kuma duwãtsu na kwarai form, amma kuma da Flora da fauna. Shi ne mazauninsu na da yawa miyagun, rare da kuma wadan (samu kawai a nan) jinsunan Flora da fauna. Karadag ajiye - na musamman Biocomplex Crimean ƙasa wadda, a tare da tare da picturesque wuri mai faɗi, da m yanayi, adibas na rare ma'adanai, da musamman ma'aunan kasa tsarin, da abubuwan tarihin da na babban sha'awa na masana kimiyya a duniya, kazalika da yanayi masoya, baƙi daga cikin sashin da kuma yawon bude ido.

Ilimi Karadag Reserve

Shi ne saboda taro ziyartar Crimea da lu'u-lu'u da aka kafa a shekarar 1979 Karadag Nature Reserve, wani yanki rufe kusan 2.9 dubu kadada, na da 809 kadada - Black Sea ruwa yanki. wannan awo ya zama dole kuma kawai aiki a matsayin wani impetus zuwa ƙarfafa tsaro na rare matsayi na ƙasa. Unorganized, daji, yawon shakatawa ya zama wani barazana mineralogical arziki na Karadag, da kuma sa babba lalacewar Flora - wuta - da kuma fauna - dama.

Saboda haka, samuwar na ajiye - gwargwado zama dole, ko da yake da ɗan mubaya'a: mafi m jinsunan manyan tsuntsaye masu cin nama, jemagu da kuma sauran dabbobi riga bace.

Nature Karadag ajiye shi ne mai arziki a cikin jinsin da kuma wakilta uku zones:

• daga teku matakin zuwa 250 mita - da steppe zone, diluted Woodland kuma shrubs.
• daga 250 zuwa 450 mita - gandun daji na pubescent oak.
• sama 450 mita - hornbeam da sessile-oak gandun daji.

A Crimea, akwai game da 2,400 jinsunan flowering shuke-shuke. Kuma kusan rabi daga cikinsu suna samuwa a Karadag. A duka Flora na ajiye hada 2.782 jinsunan, da yawa daga abin da suke kunshe a cikin Red Data Books of daban-daban da darajõji. Akwai shuke-shuke da rayuwa ne kawai a nan kuma babu inda kuma.

A cikin ilimi duniya na dogon lokaci akwai wata muhawara, akwai wani ajiye Karadag dutsen Crimea tare da sharply daban-daban daga cikin steppe ɓangare na sashin, karshe tunatarwa na Black Sea FC - Pontida, da zarar cudanya da sashin tare da Baturke Black Sea Coast. Wannan ne kaikaice nuna labarin kasa da kuma sauyin yanayi na ajiye Karadag. Pontida za a iya nasaba da bushe ƙasar da Caucasus da Balkans: yadda kuma zai iya bayyana a nan da kuma kwanta, shuka iri peculiar na musamman ga wadannan yankuna.

Karadag ajiye: Animals

Karadag fauna da kuma sa babba sha'awa. Wannan shaho, damisa ta zo ta biyu ya shiga a cikin kasa da kasa Red Littãfi. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna wakilta jemagu a duk su bambancin. Daga cikin rare kwari za a iya gano Crimean ƙasa, irin ƙwaro, owlfly, manyan flightless fara (steppe Dybok), da dama jinsunan mantis. Yana gida da dutse marten, da Crimean da dutse kadangaru, squirrels, hedgehogs, barewa, daji boar. Birds, fiye da 200 jinsunan, ko da yake ba duka gida a nan.

The mazaunan ruwayen Karadag

Sea janyo hankalin ruwa tsarki da kuma bambancin da kasa (harsashi dutse, kankara, yashi), abin da ya sa richness na benthic kwaro, musamman crustaceans, annelids da bivalves. An kiyasta cewa, mazaunan Karadag ruwan dokoki 50-70% na dukkan Black Sea fauna. Har ila yau Karadag Beach ne sau da yawa m saduwa da tekun Black Sea dabbobin ruwa. Fishing darajar ne mussels. Abin baƙin ciki, ya bace da wani kama kifi Black Sea Shellfish - oysters. Wannan shi ne saboda da baza na Black Sea brine - a predatory katantanwa Far East. Daga wannan m mai mamaye a Bugu da kari ga oysters sha wahala sauran Black Sea bivalves: babban modiolyus, scallop, polititapes. Duk da haka, yanzu ta rapana massively yada kashe bakin tekun na Karadag, ya zama manufa iri, da kuma ta kyakkyawar bawo nasarar snapping yawon bude ido.

Karadag dodo wanzu?

Ruwayen Karadag, bisa ga tsoho labari, sanaki wani dodon ruwa. Sauka a kan labarai na Romawa, Helenawa da Rumawa, shi kama wata babbar duhu-m maciji da m clawed paws, da ban tsoro bakinka, cike da gidajen gona da 'yan layuka na manyan kaifi hakora da kuma iya ci gaba a high gudun motsi, sauƙi overtaking sailing jiragen ruwa. A XVI-XVIII ƙarni Turkish matuƙan akai-akai sanar da Sultan na ci karo da tare da Black Sea maciji. Mun gan shi, da kuma sojan ruwa jami'an Admiral Fedora Ushakova, bayar da rahoton al'amarin ga Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas I. Sai sarki ko aika wani balaguro kama wani dodo, amma ta kasance m. wata babbar kwai da aka samu tare da drakonoobraznym tayi vesivshee 12 kilo.

Wadannan Legends aka tabbatar a shekarar 1990, a lokacin da masunta 3 mil daga Karadag ajiye na networks jan jikin wani dabbar dolfin. Kuna hukunta da cizo nisa bakin teku dodo ya game mita, da kuma hakora - 4-5 santimita. Gani catcher jefa da masunta a tsoro. A shekarar 1991, a bara ta kwaikwaya maimaita kanta a cikin cibiyar sadarwa a game da wannan wuri kama wani dabbar dolfin da irin wannan rauni.

Karadag bako Larabawa

Karadag Nature Reserve ne zuwa kashi zones: bude - domin yawon bude ido, kazalika da kafaffen - tsananin kare. Ga baƙi zuwa a nan, da ni'ima, yanayin gidan kayan gargajiya bude Dolphinarium da tankin kifi, gudanar da jirgin ruwan tafiye-tafiye, balaguro din zuwa muhalli hanya deben hanyoyi rufe mafi ban sha'awa sassa na ajiye. Duk da haka, suna samun kariya daga kai tsaye mamayewa.

Karadag Halittu Station da kuma Reserve a kai a kai inventoried da Flora da fauna, gudanar da wani sosai bincike, da binciken na benthic fauna da marine plankton. A kan tushen da ajiye wuce yi dalibai ma'aunan kasa da nazarin halittu ikon tunani na da yawa makarantu.