Robert Browning: biography da kuma hoto

Robert Browning - sanannen Birtaniya mawãƙi kuma marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, wanda ya rayu a cikin XIX karni. Mahaifinsa aiki a banki. Ko da a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da, kadan Robert iskar sha'awar shayari, kuma romantic. Ya yi tafiya mai yawa, ko ziyarci Rasha a 1833.

romantic mawãƙi

Robert Browning aka haife shi a London a 1812, a lokacin da a tsakiyar kasance Napoleonic yaƙe-yaƙe. Duk da cewa iyaye sun biya mai girma da hankali ga ilimin da ɗansa. Manhaja batutuwa ya ƙware a gida.

Har ila yau, wani babban rawa a kai-da ilimi da kuma ci gaba kamar yadda wani mutum ya buga yawa tafiye-tafiye. Bisani, ya kira su ya da ikon tunani, da kuma Italiya, kuma duk ɗaukarsa tamkar Oxford.

Kamar mutane da yawa matasa maza da ya tsara, a cikin matasa ya zama sha'awar aikin babban Birtaniya romance - Byron, a cikin aikinsa ya bi romantic ka'idojin.

The ayoyin farko

Uba so dansa tsunduma a wasu m ayyukan, misali, sun bi a cikin zambiyõyin aiki a banki. Amma Robert yana da wani ra'ayi. Ko da a cikin shekaru 16, ya kama da romantic ayyukan Shelley da kuma Keats. By nasa m, su waqe-waqe da kuma sanya shi mawãƙi ne.

A cikin farkon ayyukan Robert Browning fili kwaikwayi Byron. Alal misali, a cikin Ballad "Mutuwar Harold." A sakamakon haka, ya sadaukar da kansa gaba daya zuwa ga mawãƙi ta sana'a.

A 1831 ya wallafa farko waka, mai jigo "Pauline". Shi ne musamman m pantheism Shelley, falsafar rukunan cewa gano duniya da Allah, kuma ya penchant ga Hellenism. A farko yanki Browning ya quite rauni, amma sukar bi da shi da idon. кружок, в котором в то время уже состояли Диккенс, Вордсворт и многие другие. Su tabbatacce feedback da kuma sake dubawa sun bude hanya a gare shi zuwa ga babbar Birtaniya wallafe-wallafen da'irar, wanda a wancan lokaci riga kunshi Dickens, Wordsworth da yawa wasu.

Tafiya a Turai

Robert Browning tafiya. A 1833, a shekaru 21, ya tafi zuwa Rasha. A nan sai ya rubuta cikin waka "Ivan".

A na gaba abu a kan tafiya zuwa Italiya ya bayyana. Ga ya bã ta yin ciki ya, watakila, da mafi kyau lyric wasan kwaikwayo "Pippa wuce," kazalika da mafi enigmatic da kuma m abu, "Sordello".

Komowa zuwa mahaifarsa, Browning yanke shawarar da ya daina rayuwa a London a cikin ni'imar da zaman lafiya da kawaicin da nake yi. A cikin gandun daji ya kammala Dulvichskom m wasan kwaikwayo "Sordello" da sauran plays - "Paracelsus" da "Strafford". Bugawa nuna nan da nan, amma tare da kadan nasara.

aure Browning

37 A don haka yanke shawara a kan wani bikin aure. A 1849, ya zama wani aure Robert Browning, ya biography yanzu dangantaka da Turanci mawãƙi Elisavetoy Barret.

Browning matarsa kuwa sickly yarinya wanda talauci jure matsananci Birtaniya sauyin yanayi. Saboda haka, biyu suka gusa zuwa wani more dace wuri zuwa rayuwa - a rana Florence. Akwai su rayu game da shekaru 10, lokaci-lokaci ziyartar ƙasarsa ta London. Amma rabu da kasa Elisabeth cututtuka a 1861 ta mutu.

The aure na farin ciki, Robert Browning, da mawãƙi ta waqe wannan lokaci - bayyananne tabbatarwa. A aikinsa zo ta hanyar da yanayi na zaman lafiya da kuma ruhaniya jituwa. Mafi yawan lokaci da suka ciyar ɗin da matarsa a cikin villa a Florence, wanda ko da yaushe daukan mai yawa abokai - marubuta da kuma m mutane. Guests lura da cewa gida yanayi da aka tare da cikakken high shayari kuma soyayya.

Bayan rasuwar matarsa Browning da ɗansa ya koma London, inda ya ci gaba da wallafe-wallafen aiki. Print da sake zagayowar waqe-waqe "The Zobe da Littafi," "Characters".

Ɗansa, a lokaci guda ya dawo zuwa Italiya, ya zaunar da su a Venice. A daya daga cikin na yau da kullum ziyara ga Apennine sashin a 1889, Browning mutu. Ya kasance 77 years old.

"Abbe Vogler"

Daya daga cikin shahararrun waqe Roberta Brauninga - "The Abbe Vogler". A 1864 an hada a wani tarin "Characters". A aikin da aka sadaukar domin real tarihi Figures - da mazaunin, wanda ya rayu daga 1749 zuwa 1814. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Kapellmeister a kotu na Prussian Mannheim. Ya zama sananne ga sabuwar dabara na wani sabon nau'in jiki.

The waka ne da wani tunanin da kwarewa mazaunin a lokacin wasan kwaikwayon na improvisations a kan sashin jiki. A daidai wannan lokaci shi ne gani City na Allah, amma da zaran music tsaya a nan ba, bayyananne image nan da nan sharewa daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na lyrical gwarzo.

Shi sosai samu saboda wannan, da kuma kawai a karshen da waka zo da ra'ayin cewa kyakkyawa, kazalika da wani ɗaukakarsa, impermanent. A wannan yanayi da ayyuka Roberta Brauninga "Abbe Vogler". The waka ƙare tare da tofin Allah tsine da cewa abu mafi muhimmanci ga wani mutum Allah ya ji ya kyau karin waƙa. Sauran girman kai da kuma girman kai.

"Pippa wuce"

Jerin key ayyukan Browning bayyana lyric wasan kwaikwayo "Pippa wuce wurin." A cikin tsakiyar labarin wani matashi ma'aikacin, wanda ke zaune a garin azolla. Its nufi masu tsarki, ta gaske son yanayi da kuma mutane. Ta da kyau, karfi da kuma farin ciki, da sanin cewa a gaban Allah da isa yabo na duk mutane kan daidai look.

A Sabuwar Shekara ta Hauwa'u, ta kallon da rayukan sauran 'yan kasa. Mafi yawa daga cikinsu farin ciki, amma ba su da kishi na Pippa. Ta kasance m, kuma ta tuna cika da daji yanci. Ta waka, kira ga soyayya da kuma nagarta. Ji ta song masoya - Sebald da Ottima wanda ya kawai ya aikata wani laifi - Ottimy kashe mijinta. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da 'yan matan da suka shirya domin ya fanshi laifi wahala da kuma mutuwarsa.

Beautiful songs of lyrical ji matasa artist Julius, wanda ya yanke shawarar ya koma zuwa ga ƙaunataccena, wanda ya jefa. Saboda haka Pippa ke a cikin tituna na gari, ta hanyar mayar da rayuwar wadanda suke kewaye da ita. Wannan waka an dauki daya daga cikin mafi kyau a Turanci shayari na XIX karni.

"Zobe da kuma Littafi"

Wani misali da wani gaskiya mawãƙi ta fitacciyar ne dauke da waka "The Zobe da Littãfi." Robert Browning waka wanda a wancan lokacin su musamman rare, rubuta ayyukansu bisa tsohon Italian labari. Yana gaya labarin da kisan Count Gvido Francheski Pompilius matarsa ga abin da ta yi zargin ya canza.

The waka kunshi 12 littattafai. Kowace daga cikinsu - da wata sanarwa na daya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na wahayin yadda events fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa. Da taimakon wannan dabara kafin mu ne hoto a gaba ɗayansa. A cikin waka, babu wani tsari guda labarin da wani m jerin ayyukan. Babban abu marubucin yana biya da hankali ga - shi ne hali da kuma jihar hankali ya haruffa.

Daya daga cikin mafi poignant da m waka littattafai - matar Count Pompilius monologue cewa shi ne tsarki da kuma ba tare da lahani, amma ji tilas ya dauki duka na rabo. Daga baya aiki Pippa Browning Pompily hadawa butulci tsarki. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan da rubuta Robert Browning. Ambato daga gare shi ne har yanzu a rashin daidaito a kan bakinka.

fari shayari

A 1835, Browning rubuta ban mamaki waka a blank ayar - "Paracelsus". A gabatarwar da aikin, marubucin da zarar an gane cewa yayin da aiki a wannan waka ta yi watsi da gargajiya dokoki na ban mamaki art. Dalilin wannan shi ne cewa babban abu ga mawallafin sun ciki, wani tunanin irin abubuwan da na haruffa, maimakon ci gaban da waje events.

Browning ya warai sha'awar kimiyya, haka gwarzo na waka, da ya so da wani m alchemist Paracelsus, wanda ya rayu a tsakiyar zamanai. A shi mawãƙi ne na mabiya da gwagwarmaya na mutum rai tare da m cikas cewa tsaya a ta hanya. A nan mun gabatar da sufi sautin. Musamman nasara a kwatanta marubucin.

Wani bala'i na wannan lokaci - "tabo a kan makamai." A wannan lokaci, Browning matsayin gargajiya Ganin cewa na ban mamaki art. An rubuta a cikin style of sa mamaki wasanin kwaikwayo, da kuma ƙare gaba daya a cikin ruhu na Shakespeare - kusan duk haruffa mutu. Gaskiya, Browning suka kashe kansa, amma kada ku kashe juna, kamar yadda mafi yawa yakan faru a cikin Shakespeare bala'in.

A mawãƙi-Falsafa

Daya daga cikin mafi bayyanar kasida ya zamanin - Robert Browning. Hoto da shi a yau za mu iya kalla a kananan yawa, yafi kiyaye zane-zane da kuma zane na mawãƙi ne. Daga gare su a kan mu riga ya dubi haihuwa, amma kyau mutum tare da wani gemu, gahsin baki, kuma m m murmushi.

Kamar yadda furuci, da wallafe-wallafen, Browning - zurfin falsafa mawãƙi ne. An sau da yawa zaton cewa yana so ya kai ga mai karatu, yanzu m kayan zane. Duk wannan take kaiwa zuwa gaskiya cewa ayyukan Browning sau da yawa m, kuma m. A sakamakon haka, ko da a Ingila akwai wani irin fashion - to tsammani da tunani aiwatuwa a cikin waqe-waqe na Browning.

A m misali na sakamakon irin wannan sako-sako da fassarar ayyukan da mawãƙi - waka "yaron Roland." Mutane da yawa magoya na mawãƙi kuskure gan shi wani sabon wahayi, shiryar da wanda ko da son kafa wararriyar makaranta na falsafa. Duk da haka, Browning kunya da magoya, bayyana musu cewa wannan waka da aka rubuta a cikin Genre na almarar kimiyya, da kuma a kawai kwana biyu, babu falsafa bangaren da aka kafa a cikin shi marubucin da aka ba.

A cikin ayyukansu, Browning nuna bangaskiyarsa a zama na afterlife. Ga shi, shi da wani sakamako ga rayuwar cewa ya ciyar a kan ƙasa.

A wannan duniya rai, yana a halin yanzu a cikin haske launuka. Abinda ya iya girgije mutum - bakin ciki da duniya sha'awa, amma daga cikinsu shi ne ceto. Shi ne imani da Allah. Duk da haka, wanda zai yi ra'ayoyinsu na falsafa Browning zai ba zauna a cikin tarihi na Turanci wallafe-wallafe.

Ya main nasara - a masterly hoto na mutum sha'awa da kuma lyrical shimfidar. Sau da yawa ya haruffa - model goyon bayan da gaskiya da gaskiya. Kamar Pippa ko Pompilius.