Route daga Vikings ga Helenawa - shi ... Cikakken hanya daga Vikings ga Helenawa: wani bayanin birnin, kogin

Domin bayani game da abin da hanya daga Vikings ga Helenawa, cewa shi ne, daga cikin ƙasashe m ga Baltic Sea, da Rum kasashe, an zabe ta kakanninmu domin yin sayayya tafiye-tafiye, da kuma wani lokacin soja kamfen, ci gaba a yellowed shafukan na zamanin d tarihin. Bayyana su, za mu yi kokarin jin cewa dogon da suka wuce sunk zuwa abu wulakantacce zamanin da ya gano da hanya intrepid fatake matafiya.

Waterways - ƙasar hanyoyi magabata

A waɗannan kwanaki, da bayanin abin da aka dauke a cikin Tale of bygone Years - tsoho tarihin, wanda marubucin da aka dangana wa Kiev tsarki Venerable Nestor da tarihin - hanyoyi a cikin ma'anarta ba. Amma tun da ci gaban cinikayya bukatar m tafiye-tafiye, madadin sadarwa hanyoyi zama kogi, wanda shi ne mai arziki a Turai.

Shi ne na wadannan waterways koma m jirgin ruwan cike da kaya tsĩrar da su a cikin kasashen makwabta. A tsawon lokaci, matafiya suna fifita wasu, a cikin mafi yawan dace hanyoyi na wanda sun riga ya kafa wani cinikayya hanyoyi, da zirga-zirga a kan cewa tare da kowane shekaru goma zama mafi tsanani.

Mafi yawa daga Extended cinikayya hanya

Da samuwar wadannan cinikayya hanyoyi ne sosai da amfani ga mazaunan jihar bakin teku yankunan. Ƙauyukansu ya zama mai arziki, sannu a hankali ya zama kasuwanci nodes, da kuma wasu ƙarshe juya a cikin birnin. Bugu da kari, kogin da tẽku Lines na sadarwa, haɗa tare da juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da suka ci gaba West ga m kasashe na Gabas, da gudummawar da kafa dangantakar kasa da kasa, kazalika da ci gaba na duniya da al'adunsu.

Daya daga cikin wadannan hanyoyi da aka cinikin hanya daga Vikings ga Helenawa, aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki, da tarihin Nestor. An dauke da mafi yawan mika na dukan da aka sani kimiyya. Its tsawon ne kawai a kan ƙasa na zamanin d Rasha ya game 2850 kilomita, tare da shi ba kawai ya gudu a kan koguna da tabkuna, amma kuma jera ta ƙasar, inda jirgin ruwan ya zuwa Jawo jan su.

Daga cikin Baltic zuwa gaba daga cikin matsananci rana na Girka

Route daga Vikings ga Helenawa - wani fatauci hanya cudanya da tattalin arziki da suka ci gaba cibiyoyin na Baltic Sea Coast (da tarihin kira shi Varangian) tare da Central Rus, kuma daga baya - tare da m takamaiman mulkoki. Next ya tafi zuwa matakan da tekun Black Sea, da suke a wancan lokaci, wani Haven na makiyaya, da kuma, da keta Black Sea, kai Rum - gabashin yankin na da zarar iko, amma a lokacin na Roman Empire rududdugaggu. Bar baya da biki ya kasance biki kasuwanni na Konstantinoful, arewacin tsaida shawara ci gaba da tafiya zuwa Rum, inda suka jira domin arziki jihar bakin teku garuruwa. Bari mu bincika da cinikayya hanya daga Vikings ga Helenawa da kuma mayar da hankali a kan ta babban saukarwa.

A farkon dogon tafiya

An yi imani da cewa ya ɗauki ta asalin a Lake Mälaren aka located in abin da yake a yanzu Sweden. A tsibirin, dake a cikin cibiyar, kuma akwai wani shiri da ake kira Birka yau, a zamanin da, dokoki ne a manyan shopping cibiyar, wanda aka tattara daga duk kan Scandinavia kayayyakin, da kuma inda akwai wani brisk cinikayya. Wannan ne evidenced da tsoho tsabar kudi na kasashe daban-daban, a lokacin sami kwanan nan archaeological tono.

Daga can cikin dukiya Laden jirgin ruwan daga cikin Baltic (Varangian) Sea da kuma mayar da su cikin tsibirin Gotland, shi ne kuma manyan ciniki cibiya, mazaunan wanda aka cire daga kasuwanci ayyukan na da amfani mai yawa, kuma haka warmly maraba da baƙi. Bayan sanya shi mai yawan rikon ciniki kulla da replenishing hannun jari, yan kasuwa, wadannan tare da Baltic Coast, ya shiga bakin Neva, kuma, tanã fita a kan shi, ya fadi a cikin Lake Ladoga.

By expanses na Ladoga zuwa Novgorod

Ya kamata a lura da cewa hanya daga Vikings ga Helenawa - shi ne musamman nauyi, kuma m m. Ba kawai teku hanya sassan, amma kuma da kogi da teku, sun fraught da yawa hatsarori. A farkon maimaitawa, shawo kan Rapids neva da a cire jirgin ruwan zuwa ga tudu, da kuma babba nesa don jawo su portage, wanda ake bukata babba qoqarinsu da kuma jimiri. Amma Ladoga, da baƙin ciki sani na da kwatsam hadari, shi wani lokacin lanci ga matafiya mutum hadari.

Next, ta kwatanta da cikakken hanya daga Vikings ga Helenawa, da tarihin rahoton cewa wani Lake Ladoga convoys up da kogin Volkhov da kuma kai Novgorod, da farko manyan Rasha garin, don saduwa a kan hanyarsu na dogon lokaci a can aka jinkirta. Wasu 'yan kasuwa, ba so su ci gaba da hanyar da gaba da kuma, ya jaraba rabo, sayar a Novgorod kasuwar su samfurori da kuma saya wani sabon daya, ya juya baya.

A kan hanyar zuwa Dnieper

Waɗanda suke shakka so don samun arziki a kan m gaba da Rum, ci gaba kan hanyar. Bayan barin Novgorod, suka hau Volkhov da kai Lake Ilmen, bi har ta tributary da kogin Lovat shi. Next, 'yan kasuwa, tashi zaune a jiragen tsakanin bales na kaya, wakiltar wata damar budewa ka kafafu: wucewa Lovat, su na da a cire jiragensu a bakin da kuma yin amfani da timbered rollers, ja su zuwa ga tudu na Yammacin Dvina.

A ta gaba zaune tun zamanin da cinikayya koma, kuma nan da Scandinavians a da dama 'yan kasuwa shiga Slavic, kuma a search na lucre a kan hanyarsu ta zuwa birane da Rum. Dukan su suna ta jiran a gaban sabon nauyinsu, kamar yadda tsakanin daruna na yammacin Dvina da Dnepr, wanda sa su hanya, da mai zuwa kari, conjugate duk da wannan ja a kan sandararriyar ƙasar, ko kananan, amma dukiya Laden jiragen ruwa.

Ciniki a birane Pridneprovya

Kama a cikin ruwan Dnieper, a kan bankunan na wanda su ne irin manyan birane kamar Smolensk, Chernigov, Lubitsch, kuma a karshe, mahaifiyar Rasha birane - Kiev, matafiya sami cancantar lada ga duk su harkokinmu jawo wa kansu. A kowane daga cikinsu akwai mai brisk cinikayya, inda kaya sayar da aka maye gurbinsu da sabon sayi da voluminous Kasuwanci 'purses samu wani m roundness.

A nan, kamar yadda a Novgorod, wasu matafiya kammala ta hanyar da haka tare da sabon kaya koma gida. Sa'an nan kuma mu bi kawai mafi matsananciyar, saboda a cikin tsohon kwana hanya daga Vikings ga Helenawa - shi aka, a gaskiya, wani kalubale rabo, sosai unforeseen da unpredictable iya sa ran daredevils.

Hanyar hayin teku

Su kara Kasadar fara nan da nan a cikin Dnieper Rapids, wakiltar a lokacin wani tsanani hatsari ga kewayawa, a matsayin jirgin ruwan da za a jã su tare da tudu, inda suka jiran wani dako makiyaya, sanar da gaci shẽwa da kibiyoyi. Amma waɗanda suka gudanar ya samu nasarar wuce wadannan baki spots, su fito kuma a cikin Black Sea, har yanzu ba zai iya numfashi a ajiyar zuciya tsammãni - a gaban su sa ran sabon hatsarori.

Amma a nan, kai karshe kishiyar tudu, da rabo daga adana tsaida shawara samu kansu a cikin wani arziki da kuma a nutsa cikin alatu babban birnin kasar na Byzantine Empire - Konstantinoful, wanda shi ne Slavs kira Konstantinoful. A nan a cikin m da sautunan kasuwanni da aka kawo kaya profitably sayar, samar da gwaggwabar riba wuri zuwa sabon reserves.

Crown aiki da kuma komawa gida

Route daga Vikings ga Helenawa, da watsuwar abin da muka samu a Nestor da tarihin, ya cigaba ta hanyar ruwan Bahar Rum. Ya jagoranci waɗanda suka gudanar don kauce wa hadari, zazzabi ko da wani taro tare da 'yan fashi, ya shirya a cikin sararin ruwa, a cikin albarka Roma da kuma sauran m biranen Italiya da kuma Girka. Da shi shi ne karshe batu na tafiya - da sakamakon da yawa watanni na aiki. Duk da haka, godiya ga ta kwarai aka har yanzu farkon - da gaban da aka zuwan babu kasa hatsari hanya baya.

Don samun gida da kuma shiga cikin masoyi harbor, Kasuwanci fadin Rum janye su tafiyar da Atlantic kuma, skirting dukan tekun na yammacin Turai, kai gaba da Scandinavia. Kokarin rage girman hadarin da kuma motsi kusa yadda ya kamata zuwa ga tudu, sai su zauna a cikin dukan manyan bakin teku birane, inda ya kuma gudanar da m buying da sayar da. Saboda haka, hanya daga Vikings ga Helenawa, taƙaitaccen bayanin abin da yake batun wannan labarin, da ambulan da dukan Turai da kuma ƙare a farawa.

Cikin kewayon m kaya

Abin da aka yi ciniki, waɗanda suka tafi, ta hanyar irin wannan da wuya da kuma kawo hadari tafiya daga Vikings ga Helenawa? Town dake kan gaba daga cikin tekuna da koguna, ta hanyar abin da gudu su ba shakka, yana da nasu mutum tattalin arziki halaye, da kuma shi ne, ba shakka, shafi tsari kamar yadda privozimyh da kuma fitar dashi kaya. Abin da aka sani, misali, Volyn da Kyiv miƙa a cikin manyan yawa, sabili da haka a wata sosai m kudin burodi, da azurfa, da makamai da kuma dukan gida da sana'o'i.

Novgorod mazauna kariminci kawota cikin kasuwar da Jawo Jawo-qazanta dabbobi, da zuma, da kakin zuma, da kuma mafi muhimmanci - itace, cheap da kuma samuwa a cikin yankuna da kuma musamman wanda bai isa a kudu. Tun da hanyar da Vikings ga Helenawa wuce ta hanyar manyan yawan birane da kuma ko kasashen da daban-daban al'amurran da tattalin arziki, da kewayon dukiya ne kullum canja.

Janar, kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne abin da ya fara tafiya, 'yan kasuwa sosai cika rook' yan qasar Baltic kyautai: makamai, amber, kuma dazuzzuka. A baya - kõma da kayan yaji, da kasashen waje giya, littattafai, lafiya yadudduka da kuma ayyuka na kayan ado art.

Rinjayar da cinikayya hanya zuwa ga ci gaban jihar

Kamar yadda mafi iko masu bincike, da hanya daga Vikings ga Helenawa - shi ne mafi muhimmanci factor cewa kawo ci gaban dangantakar kasa da kasa na wancan zamanin. Shi ne da godiya ga shi Ancient Rasha don inganta dangantakar da Rum, inda ta je Kiristanci, kuma da daban-daban fasaha sababbin abubuwa, kazalika da} asashen da Rum.

A gida rayuwa na Old Rasha jihar, ya aka rinjayi haxe biyu irin manyan ta tsakiya a matsayin Novgorod da Kiev. Bugu da kari, godiya ga wannan da kyau-kafa hanya na m tafiyar, kowane kusa da Birnin ya iya da yardar kaina a jefa ta gefuna a kowa dukiya. Wannan shi ne mafi m sakamako a kan tattalin arzikin matsayin dukan.

Ciniki hanya, ya zama da tsada yaki

Kamar yadda aka sani daga tarihi, da kuma musamman na "Tale of bygone Years", da yawa tsohon Rasha generals a yakin neman zabensu sun yi amfani da hanyar daga Vikings ga Helenawa. River bauta, hanyõyi, a cinikin saƙonni a cikin wadannan lokuta ya zama wani tsada yaki.

A matsayin misali, Prince Oleg, kira Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi kuma yadu da aka sani ta hanyar m waka A. S. Pushkina. A cikin shekara ta 880, ta amfani da riga da sanannun hanya na kogin, shi da ayarinsa gudanar a samu to Kiev da Master shi.

Subjugating da duk ci karo a kan hanya daga birnin, da yarima haka sõyayya a mafi yawan Slavic asashe. Saboda haka, hanya daga Vikings ga Helenawa, a takaice aka bayyana ta da tarihin Nestor, taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin halittar wani hadade Rasha jihar.

Next, a 907, Prince Oleg, ta amfani da wannan waterway, sanya tarihi Maris zuwa Rum, kama Konstantinoful da kuma ya isa a ƙofofin matsayin wata ãyã daga cikin nasara na da kansa garkuwa, sanya jerin garabasa cinikayya da siyasa da yarjejeniyar.

A wannan hanya a 941, yin wani soja balaguro, kai gaba da Bosphorus zai gaje shi - Prince Igor. Bugu da kari, za ka iya tuna sunayen Prince Svyatoslav, da ake kira da jagoranci da basira tsoho Rasha Aleksandrom Makedonskim, Aleksandra Nevskogo da kuma waɗansu da yawa, da basira amfani da waterway protoronny fatake.