Shuka iri: jerin (Grade 3). Iri na cikin gida shuke-shuke: jerin, photos

A Flora na duniya ne sosai bambancin. Science, wanda shi ya duba, ya kira o. Harsashen na ta yara a fara koya a yan makaranta.

O - tsarin kimiyya, wanda damar zuwa la'akari da tako tsarin da kayan lambu duniya, rarraba shi a cikin mulkin, sashen, azuzuwan, umarni, iyalai da kuma nau'in. Irin wannan matsayi tsarin da aka kira. Gina wani jitu tsarin da shuka duniya, ya rarrabuwa da aka za'ayi domin ƙarni. A mafi muhimmanci taimako ga ci gaban shuka rarrabuwa gabatar Karl Linney. Our aiki - don magance takamaiman iri na shuke-shuke (jerin). 3 sa na makarantar firamare - wani lokaci idan yara suna rayayye karatu o. A cikin litattafan da sakandare shirye-shirye da ake miƙa wadannan iri:

• tsiren ruwan teku.
• yada Moss.
• ferns.
• conifers.
• flowering.

Babban kungiyoyin na shuke-shuke

The sama rabo daga shuke-shuke a cikin kungiyoyin saboda da halaye na mazauninsu, tsari da hanyoyin da haifuwa. Kowace daga cikin kungiyoyin tattauna a kasa yana mai shuka iri, wanda aka kuma gabatar.

Algae - kwayoyin da ba su da tushen, ganye, mai tushe. Babban yanayi na da mazauninsu - da ruwa. A total number of jinsunan algae a cikin kewayon 35 dubu. Wasu jinsunan algae:

• marine macrophytes: Canadian waterweed, Wallmann American.
• kore algae: chlamydomonas, chlorella, mikrasterias, Caulerpa, kladofora.
• flagellated algae: euglena kore, Faqous, noctiluca scintillans, dinofizis Norwegian peridinella, prorotsentrum kananan;
• ja algae: Irish gansakuka, endokladiya barbed, porphyry lantsetolistnogo, gigartina, phyllophora, polyneuritis.
• ruwan kasa algae: fucus, postelsiya palmovidnaya, makrotsistis, Sargassum, Laminaria, cystoseira.

Mosses - mai shuka da tushe da kuma ganye, amma ba su da wani tushe. Su haifuwa ne da za'ayi ta hanyar spores. Mosses girma a cikin shaded yankin, kusa da ruwa, wani lokaci tare da ruwa. A total akwai fiye da 5000 da shuke-shuke, irin wannan.

Ferns - shuke-shuke da tushen, mai tushe da kuma ganye. Suna girma a shaded yankunan da high danshi matakin. Sake bugun - spores. A total number of jinsunan ferns ne dubu tara. Ga wasu daga cikin sunayen jinsunan ferns: jimina fern, onokleya m, Osmund sarauta, Salvinia iyo, azolla Caroline, lady-fern, Dryopteris namiji arewacin spleenwort, groomer kantin magani, Pteridium aquilinum.

Conifers. Shuke-shuke da girma a cikin dazuzzuka, tare da tushen, kara. A musamman alama ne gaban Pine needles. A total akwai 600 jinsunan conifers. Bari mu ambaci wasu: Pine, spruce, fir, da itacen al'ul, Juniper, arborvitae, yews.

Flowering. Shuke-shuke da tushen, kara, ganye, flower da 'ya'yan itace. Wadannan sun hada da itatuwa, shrubs kuma ganye. Ganin bambancin da flowering shuka iri yawan fiye da 350 dubu abubuwa. Ga wasu daga cikinsu: poplar, itacen ƙirya, peony, ya tashi, Dandelion, hawthorn, Jasmine, Quince, Weigela, gibikus, kujera ciyawa, brome, Timothawus ciyawa, foxtail, pickerel, Belous, alkama, gero, masara, henbane, datura.

Species. List a Rasha

Ga kowane Locality ne halin da wasu shuka iri, wani jerin wadda muka ba. Yanayin damina, ƙasa cover, tarihi fasali, ayyukan mutane - da dalilai influencing da musamman Flora na halitta mazauninsu. Duk wadannan abubuwan da bukatar a yi la'akari tare.

La'akari da bambancin da Flora na Rasha Federation. Ganin vastness na ƙasa, akwai da dama iri ciyayi bangarori na Rasha, kowanne daga wanda aka halin da wasu iri na shuke-shuke. List (3 aji na makarantar sakandare) kuma za a iya samu a wani littafi a kan o.

The main iri Flora Rasha sun hada da:

• tundra irin, babban wakilan waxanda suke da Flora Bryophyta, gansakuka, cranberries, crowberry, kuropatochya ciyawa, Cassiopeia, Dwarf Birch, Willow iyakacin duniya, iyakacin duniya poppy, Arctic bluegrass.
• gandun daji irin, wanda aka wakilta spruce, fir, da itacen al'ul, Pine, Birch, itacen oak, Maple.
• steppe type, wanda aka halin grassy ciyayi da ciyayi.
• bari irin ciyayi da suna dauke wakilan masu ɗaci da Salsola.
• makiyaya irin ciyayi wanda aka wakilta herbaceous perennial: Ranunculus repens, Mentha arvensis, pobegonosnaya lankwasa, makiyaya foxtail, kujera ciyawa, Dandelion, toadflax, knautia.
• fadama irin, wanda aka halin danshi-m shuke-shuke.

Na ganye "palette" Rasha, kamar yadda muka gani, shi ne mai fadi da. Yankin nau'in jerin, wanda da farko shi ne muhimmi, a gwada yawa sharuddan karu daga arewa zuwa kudu, amma a cikin hamadar rage dan kadan saboda da bushe sauyin yanayi, daga filayen zuwa ga duwãtsu girma.

namo shuke-shuke

Tun zamanin da, da Duniya ta Flora samo asali ba tare da mutum kai tsaye baki, bi da bi, duk da furanni da kuma ganye sun kasance daji. Da cigaban dan Adam ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa bukatun obrabatyvanii ƙasar da namo shuke-nasu amfani. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar mutum aiki shuke-shuke sun samo asali, mun samu sabon fasali. Kamar haka wani amfanin gona shuke-shuke da Latin yana nufin "horar da", "sarrafa" tsire-tsire girma ga abinci, magani, fodder, da dai sauransu D. Babban alama na horar da shuke-shuke shi ne cewa su suna girma ko da kuwa da wuri na asali da kuma a kan nasu ba su iya haifa.

Yau da yawa al'adu da amfanin gona samu daga daji da kiwo ko kwayoyin aikin injiniya. Horar da furanni da itatuwa kasu kashi hatsi, kadi, kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, lafiya. Ka yi la'akari da horar da shuke-shuke, nau'in jerin.

• Hatsi da tsire-tsire - plantations, babban samfurin da aka hatsi amfani da abinci, raw kayan for masana'antu, abincin dabbobi. The main iri da amfanin gona zaton alkama, hatsin rai, da sha'ir, da hatsi, shinkafa, gero, dawa, buckwheat.
• Fiber dasa - wadanda wanda aka sanya zare ga yadi masana'antu. The main iri kadi shuke-shuke: flax, dovhunets, auduga, jute, hemp, kakpok, kenaf, sunn, sisal, furcraea.
• Kayan lambu shuke-shuke ana shuka don samar da 'ya'yan itace. Babban wakilan: tumatir, barkono, eggplant, kabido guzberi, Cabbages, farin kabeji, watercress, radish, kabewa, kankana, kankana, kokwamba, karas, beets, seleri, bishiyar asparagus, albasa, da tafarnuwa.
• Fruit shuke-shuke - shuke-shuke da 'ya'ya. Wadannan sun hada da: orange, lemun tsami, garehul, banana, avocado, mangoro, rumman, inabi, almonds, kwakwa, zaitun, strawberry, guzberi, currant.
• Ornamental shuke-shuke - shuke-shuke da cewa ana amfani da ado da kuma ado na gabatarwa, wurare na mutum hutu. Jinsunan ornamental tsire-tsire ne: Acacia, Barberry, Magnolia, Lilac, arborvitae, boxwood, Juniper, ya tashi, peony, furen karnesha.

ne mafi kyau ornamental shuka iri. List of photo misalai za a iya gani a makaranta littafi. Wannan kuma ya hada da gida da kuma furanni.

Shuka iri (jerin gida houseplants) ya hada woody. Kasa shi za a bayyana manyan subtypes na ornamental plantings.

gramineous shuke-shuke

Wannan inji tsawo, na bakin ciki, kunkuntar ganye tare da tattara masaƙa. Wannan ya hada da wakilan kamar AIR gramineous, arundinaria m, ofiopogon Japan, Chlorophytum, billbergia drooping, kyau Wallpott, Tillandsia usneevidnaya.

Akwai sauran iri houseplants. Jerin za a gabatar a kasa.

bushy shuke-shuke

Bushy shuke-shuke - shuke-shuke, mai tushe da girma bushy. Siffofin bushy: peperomiya, Japan aucuba, achimenes, begonia, gipotsirta tsirara, Coleus, arrowroot, Pila.

Shuke-shuke da kafa mai tushe

Shuke-shuke da kafa tushe ne mike, girma tsananin tsaye tushe da cewa suna daban-daban Heights. Wakilai Klein articulates, cleistocactus Strauss, Notocactus, leninghauza, trihotsereus whitish felandra, codiaeum, Laurel, Ficus, bokarneya, dieffenbachia, dracaena, pandanus, yucca.

Vines da kwandon shuka

Liana, kuma rataya-Downing shuke-shuke da dogon, m mai tushe cewa ba su damar girma da kuma zama kayan ado. Wakilai Ivy, Epipremnum, ficus, Fitton, Werther, kolumneya, zigakaktus.

rosette shuke-shuke

Outlet kara shuke-shuke sun taqaitaccen, wadda take kaiwa zuwa maldevelopment interstices da kuma bayar da coalescence na hankali spaced ganye a daya batu. A size daga wadannan shuke-shuke ne kaɗan. Wakilai gloxinia, Primrose, sentpoliya (uzumbarskiye Violet), Sempervivum tectorum.

globular shuke-shuke

Globular shuke-shuke halin da rashi na ganye da kuma musaman nau'i na kara. Mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu akwai cacti. Misalan irin shuke-shuke: Astrophytum, Mammillaria, parody, rebyutsiya, Ferocactus, Echinocactus Gruson.