Silkworm. Silkworm cocoons

Musamman sha'awar a tarihin da kiwo da wannan kwaro ne silkworm. A fasahar da aka ɓullo da wani dogon lokaci da suka wuce a zamanin d Sin. A farko ambaci wannan samarwa a kasar Sin tarihin Dates baya ga 2600 BC, kuma silkworm cocoons, same ta archaeologists nema a mayar da 2000 BC. e. The Sin sun gina wani samar da siliki a matsayi na jihar m, kuma domin da yawa ƙarni da shi shi ne bayyananne fifiko na kasar.

Da yawa daga baya, a cikin 13th karni, da kiwo da tsutsotsi da kuma yi na siliki yadudduka suka tsunduma a Italiya, Spain, Arewacin Afrika, da kuma a cikin 16th karni - da kuma Rasha. Abin da irin kwaro - silkworm?

Butterfly silkworm da kuma 'ya'yan ta

Kiwo a gida silkworm malam yau ba a samu a cikin daji da kuma bred a musamman shuke-halitta yarns. A adult - yana da quite babban kwaro haske da launi, har zuwa 6 cm a tsawon tare da wingspan na zuwa 5-6 cm tukar tumbi da daban-daban jinsunan wannan ban sha'awa malam shayarwa suna tsunduma a kasashe da dama .. Bayan duk, ganiya karbuwa ga halaye na bangarori daban-daban - da dalilin riba samar da kara samun kudin shiga. Mun samu da yawa silkworm breeds. Wasu ba daya tsara a kowace shekara, wasu - biyu, kuma akwai iri da cewa ba 'yan litters a shekara.

Duk da size, da silkworm malam ba zai iya tashi, don haka yaushe sun rasa wannan damar. Ta na zaune ne kawai 12 kwana da kuma a lokacin wannan lokacin ba ko da powered, tare da undeveloped bakinka. Tare da farko na kiwo kakar da aka ajiye silkworm biyu a cikin mutum pouches. Bayan ma'abota, da mace for 3-4 kwana An kwanciya qwai a cikin adadin 300-800 raka'a a Greenough, da ciwon wani m siffar da muhimmanci sãɓãwar launukansa masu girma dabam da suke a kai tsaye dogara a kan kwari jinsunan. Daga wannan nau'in, kuma ya dogara a kan lokaci na tukar tumbi da tsutsa - shi zai yi a cikin wannan shekara, amma zai iya - in na gaba.

Caterpillar - na gaba mataki na ci gaba

Caterpillar samu daga silkworm qwai a zazzabi na 23-25 ° C. A factory, shi ne a incubators a wani zafin jiki da kuma zafi. Qwai ci gaba for 8-10 kwanaki, sa'an nan da qwai daga ruwan kasa kadan bayyana wa 3 mm tsutsa daga silkworm, downy dankon. Kananan caterpillars aka sanya shi a cikin na musamman farantansa, da canjawa wuri zuwa wani ventilated wurin dumi. Wadannan tankuna wakiltar kamar tsarin tari kunsha da dama shelves tsaurara raga da ciwon wani qayyadadden dalili - ne kullum cin caterpillars. Suna ciyar da abinci na musamman sabo ne Mulberry ganye, da kuma cewa "ci zo da cin" shi ne cikakken m domin sanin voracity na caterpillars. A bukatar abinci ne na girma su a cikin wani lissafi da ci gaban, a rana ta biyu da suka cinye da biyunta abinci fiye da na farko.

moult

By rana ta biyar rai da tsutsa tsaya a nan ba, pauses da kuma fara jira su na farko Molina. Ta barci for game da wani rana, hugging ta kafafu takardar, kwatsam sai straightening fata bursts, sakewa da matafila, kuma ba ta da damar shakata da kuma sake tafiyar da stave kashe yunwa. A na gaba kwanaki hudu shi garwaya da ganye da wani enviable ci har sai da ta zo da nuna daga cikin na gaba Molina.

matafila canji

Bisa dukan lokaci na ci gaba (game da wani watan) matafila molts sau hudu. Last Molina canza shi a cikin wani isasshe manyan samfurori babban haske lu'u-lu'u launi: jiki tsawon har zuwa 8 cm, nisa - 1 cm da kuma nauyi na 3-5 g a jikinka tsaye a manyan kai tare da nau'i-nau'i biyu na da kyau-raya muƙamuƙanka, musamman saman, da ake kira "pincers". Amma, mafi muhimmanci quality, da darajar da samar da siliki, - gaban fara tasawa matafila hump karkashin lebe daga wanda oozes musamman abu taurare a lamba tare da iska, kuma ya jũya zuwa siliki thread.

Ilimi siliki thread

Wannan karshen hump shelkootdelitelnye biyu gland, wanda su ne tsawon shambura tare da tsakiyar part juya a cikin wani jiki na matafila a cikin wani irin tafki, tara m ulla baya a siliki thread. Idan so waƙa ta bude karkashin ƙananan lebe samar zahiri digon ruwa wanda solidifies, kuma ya jũya a cikin bakin ciki amma da karfi isa thread. Karshe a cikin kwari ta rayuwa taka babban rawa da aka kullum amfani da matsayin tether, saboda a 'yar alamar hadari ta rataye a kan ta, kamar gizo-gizo, ba ji tsoron fada. A adult matafila shelkootdelitelnye gland shine yake zauna 2/5 ɓangare na jimlar jiki nauyi.

Akayi na yi na rafta

Bayan kai ƙarfinsa bayan 4th Molina, da matafila fara rasa ci da kuma ƙarshe tsaya a nan ba cin abinci. Shelkootdelitelnye gland shine yake a wannan lokacin ana cike da ruwa don haka da cewa tsutsa daga m ne mai dogon thread. Wannan yana nufin cewa hanya na shirye pupation. Sai ta fara duba domin ta dace wuri, kuma iske shi a cikin sandunansu-kokonnikah dace silkworm sanya tare da gefe ganuwar da abinci "shelving raka'a".

Zaune a kan twig, da matafila fara aiki maida: shi alternately jũya kansa, sa wani hump tare da wani rami don shelkootdelitelnoy gland zuwa wurare daban-daban a kan kokonnike, game da shi, ya kafa wani karfi na cibiyar sadarwa na siliki thread. Sai dai itace a irin tsarin nan gaba gine-gine. Next matafila rarrafe a cikin tsakiyar firam your, rike da ake ƙãgãwa da filaments, kuma yana farawa kadi a rafta da kanta.

Rafta da pupate

A lokacin shiri na rafta da matafila da sauri tana kansa, bar kowane zagaye na sama zuwa 3 cm na thread. Its tsawon don ƙirƙirar dukan rafta ne daga 0.8 zuwa 1.5 km, da kuma lokacin kashe a cikinta, kai kwanaki hudu ko fiye. Lokacin da ya gama, da matafila a cikin rafta na barci, juya cikin wani pupa.

Weight rafta da pupa ba ya wuce 3-4 g silkworm cocoons ne mafi bambancin a size (daga 1 zuwa 6 cm), siffar (zagaye, m, tare da jumpers) da kuma launi (daga fari zuwa zinariya da Lilac). Kwararru lura da cewa mafi m game da saƙa a rafta silkworms ne maza. Gidãjensu for tsana bambanta Tuddan yawa daga cikin yarn, kuma ta tsawon.

sake Butterfly

Bayan makonni uku da malam pupae fita, wanda wajibi ne a samu daga cikin rafta. Yana da wuya, domin shi ne kaucewa bã tãre da jaws gefuna matafila. Amma mai hikima yanayi ya warware wannan matsala: Butterfly sanye take da musamman gland da cewa samar da alkaline yau, da aikace-aikace na wanda softens rafta bango da kuma inganta harkokin da saki na sabuwar kafa malam. Saboda haka silkworm kammala da'irar da kansa canji.

Duk da haka, da masana'antu kiwo na silkworms tarnhayar da haifuwa na malam. The girma na cocoons amfani don samar da albarkatun siliki. Bayan duk, wannan shi ne ƙãre samfurin, wanda zai iya kawai unwind da cocoons a kan musamman inji, pre-kashẽwar pupae da cocoons sarrafa tururi da kuma ruwa.

Saboda haka, da silkworm kiwo wanda a kan wani m sikelin, zai yiwuwa ba rasa ta munasaba, - wani m misali na kiwo a gida kwari, wanda ya kawo wani sosai babba samun kudin shiga.