Slewing bearings for daban-daban kayan aiki

A duniya ta yau, mayar da hankali a kan halittar kuma da m aiki na daban-daban sunadaran da inji. Da wannan bango, yanzu nasarorin da injiniyoyin da damar yin amfani da riga sun ci gaba raya kasa, wanda da farko duba ba ze zama wani abu allahntaka, amma a lokaci guda daidai nuna kanta a yi. A daya daga wadannan iri kayan aiki, wanda aka yi amfani a yau da more kuma mafi sau da yawa, kuma za a tattauna a wannan labarin. The title of wannan labarin na yi - slewing naúrar (OPU). Duk da fasali, iri-iri, gyare-gyare da kuma filin amfani, mun Pohorje more.

taƙaitaccen bayani

Saboda haka, goyon bayan-juyawa na'urar - shi ne mai da hankali ga daki-daki, mai matuƙar tasiri inji for kaya watsa daga revolving sassa kai tsaye zuwa a guje kashi. Wadannan na'urori an tsara ba a yau, amma a tsawon shekaru da shahararsa na site ne kawai girma, kuma shi ne kafa ba kawai a kan truck cranes da kuma masana'antu raka'a, amma ko da a kan tauraron dan adam tasa.

rarrabuwa

Slewing bearings, kamar wani fasaha samfurin, da ma'aikata na da rarrabuwa. Saboda haka, kowace daga wadannan na'urori za su iya yi zumunta juyawa:

• A tsaye, gyarawa baka.
• Kafaffen shafi.
• Tsit support da'irar.

iri

GTC ball irin aka samar a cikin nau'i na biyu-jere kusurwa lamba ball hali. Wannan na'urar ya hada da wani m da wani ciki zobe da jeri biyu na bukukuwa therebetween. A waje keji da ake gyarawa zuwa Rotary firam ta hanyar kusoshi da ya hada da manya da ƙananan zobe. Kafa zobba da aka yi da abin wuya. Akwai kuma shim.

Nadi OPU yana da wani jinsin amfani a kwatanta da ball analog, wanda shi ne mafi girma iya aiki. Nadi support-pivot inji qunshi:

• ciki zobe.
• Shasi firam.
• Ƙawanya biyu.
• Rollers.

A ciki zobe godiya ga zobe kaya ne meshed da fitarwa kaya dabaran nuna inji. A rollers aka shirya tsakanin zobba da aka shirya perpendicular zuwa juna. A rollers motsi a kan waƙoƙi sha lodi cewa aiki zuwa ƙasa, da kuma yi a kan waƙoƙi gripping rollers yi da aiki, kare da firam da mai haɗari tipping. Lubrication rollers faruwa ta wajen musamman lubricators shirya a wani zobe.

Amfani a mota aikin injiniya

La'akari daki-daki, slewing crane. Wannan inji shi ne iya gane load a kan nauyin da Rotary ɓangare na crane da kuma nauyi saukar / dauke kaya. GTC ma iya jure da karfi tasiri na iska kaya da kuma daban-daban tsauri sojojin.

Mafi sau da yawa slewing crane aka wakilta a matsayin mai da'ira ko mirgina bukukuwa. Irin wannan taro da ake amfani da irin wannan cranes matsayin AA-5G, AK-5, K-32 da kuma shi ne mai da'ira mirgina tare da tallafin abubuwa na nadi irin. A da'irar da ake gyarawa a saman wani a tsaye firam da kuma m sassa (tallafa-nadi abubuwa) - kasa na juyawa inji dandali.

mirgina da'irar

Mene ne wannan? A gaskiya, wannan babbar zobe, a jefa karfe tare da cibiyar cibiya. A matsanancin gefen daga cikin da'irar yana da wani musamman annular tsagi tare da biyu daga karkata aiki hanyõyi, wanda ya auku Tapered rollers qazanta support members. A saman da'irar saka zobe kaya inji for juyawa, da kuma ƙananan gefen cibiya gearbox a haɗe a tsaye firam.

Tun daga shekarar 1960, truck cranes fara ba slewing bearings a kan bukukuwa da kuma mirgina da'irar amfani daina kusan gaba daya. A sabon GTC ne na musamman da suka hada da:

• Ciki juyawa daga cikin inji.
• A gyarawa karkiya.
• Biyu daga m m zobba (ƙananan kuma babba), wanda ake juna da kusoshi.

Tsakanin ƙuƙumma shirya a jeri biyu na karfe bukukuwa da ciwon diamita na 30 mm. A bambanci tsakanin beads faruwa ne ta musamman SEPARATOR. Tsakanin bukukuwa da ƙuƙumma da yarda, daidaitacce GASKET.

fasaha da matakan

Slewing - slewing sunadaran, wanda ya tilasta su biya kusa da hankali ga shugabanci na goyon baya da kuma aiki ma'aikata.

Kowane irin goyon bayan da za su zama batun lokaci-lokaci, sosai gani dubawa. Ya kamata kuma a tabbatar an yi gwajin tightening a haɗa kusoshi rike da man shafawa shafa sassa a cikin ƙurewar ɗaki na mast da kuma hakora.

A karo na farko da digiri na tightening na kusoshi aka bari nan da nan kafin farawa kumburi da kuma na gaba kusa-kasancẽwa ne da za'ayi a cikin biyu ko uku canjawa. Muhimmi: utjazhki kusoshi kamata a da za'ayi a kan wani diagonal, domin kauce wa rashin daidaituwa da zai iya kai wa wanda bai kai ba gazawar da inji.

Mu'amala da taka tsantsan

Slewing bearings za a iya hõre gyara ko na yau da kullum ana gyara, ba kawai a cikin daban-daban gyara shagunan ko wasu bincike cibiyoyin, amma kuma a cikin filin ta amfani da musamman mobile tashoshin. Don amintaccen yi cikakken ikon yinsa, daga cikin aikin da ya kamata a shiryar da "aiki kariya dokoki a hanya kai" da kuma sauran normative fasaha takardun.

Machinists da fitters suna da hakkin su gudanar da duk wani fasaha ayyuka ne kawai idan suna da dacewa cancantar, tabbatar da takardun.

Kafin dauke da fitar goyon baya aiki don gyara mota tsit da kuma gaba daya ware da yiwuwar ta maras wata-wata motsi a cikin wani shugabanci. Ya kamata ka kuma kashe na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa, pneumatic, lantarki da tsarin da kuma engine, post alamun kashedi idan ya cancanta.

A 'yan kalmomi game excavators

Slewing excavator sa da shi zuwa ga nauyi. By kanta, da turntable rotates game da wani vertically daidaitacce axis a duka kwatance a 360 digiri.

Rotary support na'urar da excavator iya zama daga cikin wadannan iri:

• Odnokatkovoe.
• Dvuhkatkovoe.
• The ball biyu jere.

Mafi na kowa a cikin lokaci sun riga sun karɓi ball (nadi) OPU. A undeniable amfani da irin wannan inji shi ne ba da ake bukata domin su via Kafa spigot abin da ake bukata na nadi shigar a kan na'urorin rama domin a kwance da karfi.

Swing ne saboda wani cantilever alkawari pinion da zobe kaya. Gear a lokacin aiki na excavator motsa a kan kambi, abin da kyakkyawan samar da dandali juya a da ake so kwana. Gearing iya zama duka waje da ciki.

Ya kamata kuma a lura cewa, tallafa wa-juya na'urar damar da excavator zuwa aiki kullum a daban-daban taso, ba tare da haddasa jamming na inji na'ura mai juyi cikin wuriyar, kazalika a lokacin rotational ƙungiyoyi na excavator da darasinsa aiki naúrar a kai matsayi.

nadi-type na'urorin da daya babbar drawback: da m gaban gibba tsakanin rollers da juya da'irar take kaiwa zuwa gaskiyar cewa a lokacin aiki na excavator dandali farawa zuwa "hira."

Cranes hasumiya irin

Slewing hasumiya crane cancanci kulawa ta musamman. OPU a kan cranes na irin wannan ne, irin iri:

• A kararrawa cewa ya yi daidai a kan saman tsit hasumiya.
• Kararrawa, sun rataye a kan glides.
• Shank, wanda dogara ne a kan matsakaici, da na biyu dirka hali da kuma hali da aka gudanar a kasa.
• Circle slewing ball ko nadi.

Ya kamata a fahimci cewa duk wadannan na'urorin dole ne a da za'ayi tare da high daidaituwa domin kauce wa manyan imbalances baya da gaba dayan tsarin da misalignment na saman, kamar yadda wadannan shortcomings ne kusan ba zai yiwu ba ga kawar da duk wani gyara, kuma wannan ne, bi da bi, take kaiwa zuwa jamming. Domin kauce wa rashin daidaito Rotary kararrawa da aka sanya da alaƙa links cewa gusar da ƙarin kaya a lokacin da hargitsi.

Amma slewing nadi-type na'urorin amfani a wheeled da crawler hoisting inji, da hasumiya cranes, su cikakken ba su shafi, domin na bukatar tabbatar da mafi daidaito. In ba haka ba, gibba bayyana a sa wani karfi lilo hasumiyar, kuma wannan shi ne mai barazana ga lafiyar ma'aikata.

Bi da bi, ball da kuma nadi hali ƙafafun gaba daya bã tãre da wannan shortcoming. Zobba da'irori data samar daga musamman high quality-karfe, kuma treadmills mirgina jikuna an hõre quenching. Wannan kadan lalacewa wadannan waƙoƙi tabbatar da wani m mataki na lilo pivot gãnuwõyi cewa huta a kan wadannan ƙafafun. Bugu da kari, wadannan slewing ba tĩlasta su ga gudanar da wani gyara a lokacin aiki, wanda, ba shakka, shi ne su indisputable amfani.

Daidaici ƙiren ƙarya da kuma yin amfani da zobba na mirgina jikinsu, jere a size a cikin micron iyaka, sa su runtse da adadin axial da radial gibba.

Har ila yau, domin ya goyi bayan-juyawa crane na'urar ne fara aiki, shi wajibi ne don rage yarda na naúra shasi firam. frame deflection kada ta kasance fiye da rabin da axial yarda, wanda aka auna a cikin tunani da'irar. A babba firam na juyawa dandali dole ne ma suna da wani babban rigidity, don waɗanda lodi wanda aiki a kan shi, a ko'ina rarraba bisa dukan tsawon daga cikin da'irar. Duk da haka, a lokaci guda da babba frame nakasawa kamata wuce cewa na kasa da firam, ko na iya faruwa sosai a ke so - gaggawa, damƙa daga cikin ƙananan jere na rollers.

masana'antu

Rotary support hannu na'urar amfani da, misali, a cikin metallurgical ko sinadaran masana'antu, sosai kama da zane na truck crane. Har ila yau, akwai wani zobe kaya da kuma pinion, da firam, load-dagawa kashi. Mai manipulators sarrafa karkashin wannan fashewar makera ko mirgina niƙa, a na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa actuator, a cikinsa incombustible emulsions sa aka yi amfani da matsayin da aiki m.

Tauraron Dan Adam TV da kuma sadarwa

Slewing antennas hidima domin rataye eriya tsarin kanta, kazalika da yin saiti katako jefarwa da shi a kan gudun ba da sanda da tauraron dan adam. GTC antennas rabu da madubi kayyade makirci. Popular iyakacin duniya dakatar, wanda ba ka damar juya eriya a cikin wannan jirgin sama da kuma a lokaci guda zuwa ga gudanar da wani na duba sashen na da geostationary falaki.

By kanta, da dakatar da aka koma da aiki da lantarki actuator cewa samar da juyawa daga cikin eriya.

Kullum, da actuator slewing na'urar aiki quite lalatattu kuma da wuya yanayi: akwai manyan canje-canje a cikin zazzabi, iska lodi, bugu na hazo. Ƙirgar actuator slewing na'urar da aka sanye take da wani low-ikon da wutar lantarki motor wanda ke a kashe a harka na zafi fiye da kima saboda triggering na wani haska - a bimetallic platinum.

Idan akwai wani magana game da irin OPU "sararin sama - sararin sama", shi ne ya dace a nuna cewa, a wannan yanayin, da na'urar da aka sanye take da wani kaya inji, wanda aiki azaman eriya juyawa a kan sararin sama a kusa da iyakacin duniya axis na dukan tsawon na geostationary falaki.

halittar

Production slewing na'urorin - shi ne wajen rikitarwa da kuma laborious tsari. Yana bukatar sha'anin ma'aikata da ya dace basira da kuma high, cancantar.

Production slewing na'urorin chotkom ya auku a daidai da so da zazzabi yanayi. A musamman, wadannan kayayyakin dokoki tushen wani doped preform bisa al'ada birgima wuce duk matakai termouluchsheniya. AMINCI da karko na samun kudin shiga sanarwa da aka bayar ta amfani da musamman hardening inductors.

sabis

Kamar yadda ka riga ya mallaki ne iya fahimta da kuma gyara daga positioner - makawa taron cewa ya kamata amince da kwararru.

A lokacin da a samun kudin shiga sanarwa ta amfani da birgima ball jiki, to, akwai abin da ake kira aya-lamba tsakanin duk da bukukuwa da raceways. Saboda wannan, da kewaye da waƙoƙi da ciwon annular GROOVES siffar zobe siffar. Duk da wannan rashin nasara da na'urar da zargin da bukatar gyara ayyukan.

Wannan matsala ne shafe a cikin wadannan hanya. Da farko kashe tsagi bayyana daga racetracks Hanyar huda, da kuma bayan yin hardening da lamba surface na gama-jini magani. Bayan haka, don inganta karko na ƙafafun slewing a hanyoyi kafa crosswise nadi mirgina abubuwa, a hade tare da ball " 'yan'uwa." Wannan Jihar mirgina jikin sa kawar da lahani na rollers siffar zobe surface na ball jiki.

Yi ya nuna cewa mafi lodi ɓangare na samun kudin shiga bayani ne m m zobe, wanda, bi da bi, yana da wani daban-daban ƙarfi fadin ta giciye-sashe. Ga misali, da zobe a karkashin mirgina jikin HRC sikelin yana da wani taurin 60 raka'a, da kuma kasa surface - 35 raka'a. Shi ne saboda wannan ganiya load fashewa fara faruwa daidai da kasa surface, kuma wannan yana yiwuwa ya sa a nakasawa na slewing da kuma rage ta AMINCI da karko.

Bisa ga sama a fili yake cewa a lokacin gyaran substation iko musamman hankali ne ya biya zuwa ƙananan m zobe wanda aka haɗa zuwa wani kushin sanya na musamman high-ƙarfi abu. Yarda a yi amfani da bangaranci tsiri, wanda gidajen abinci za a iya sanya shi a cikin unloaded ko ɗauka da sauƙi a ɗora Kwatancen yankunan. Fastening na karin GASKET faruwa ta wajen sukurori ko masana'antu glues.