Sofya Romanova: biography, ban sha'awa facts

'Yar Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Sofya Romanova aka haife Satumba 27, 1657. Ta na shida yaro a gidan sarauta. Mahaifiyarta, Maria Miloslavskaya, shi ne na farko matar Alexei da uwa sarakuna Fyodor III da kuma Ivan V. Will Sofya Romanova yanayi, kazalika da 'yan'uwansa, ya zama m - na farko tun da Princess Olga a cikin X karni.

hali

Malama Sophia Alekseevna wani theologian Saminu na Polotsk - daya daga cikin mafi ilimi Rasha mutane na cewa zamanin. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa Sahaban dauke da wani gimbiya mai haske da kuma na fasaha mutum.

A Moscow Jihar hadisin, bisa ga abin da kowace jiha ya kasance sosai zaman rayuwa. Sau da yawa sosai, gimbiya ba aure. Aure da compatriots (ko da tare da Boyar) aka dauke da bai dace ba da kuma bikin aure da wakilan Turai dauloli shi ma ba zai yiwu ba saboda bambancin addini. Sophia Alekseevna ma ba su da wata mata. Amma, zama a siyasa adadi, ta fasa data kasance m al'adar danniya na mata na sarauta jini zuwa jama'a filin.

dynastic rikicin

Alexei Mikhailovich 'ya'ya da yawa, amma kusan dukkan su sãɓã wa jũna a matalauta kiwon lafiya. Sarkin ya samu biyu Babbansu da 'ya'ya maza. Mutuwa a 1676, monarch sanya waliyyinsa da uku ɗa, Fyodor, wanda ya zama Fyodor III. Wannan saurayi shi ma mai raɗaɗi. Ya mutu a cikin 1682 yana da shekaru 20.

Kula da matasa sarki rayuwa ba Yunƙurin zuwa wani dynastic rikicin. Akwai wata tambaya da wani magaji. Sa'an nan wani abu a kan siyasa scene da kuma bayyana Sofya Romanova. Fedor, baya daga 'yan mata guda biyu, matasa,' yan'uwa: John da Bitrus. Sai sarki ya rasu bai bar 'ya'ya, da ikon kamata a wuce zuwa wasu daga cikinsu.

Ivan ya yi girma, amma da m kiwon lafiya kiwata da yawa tambayoyi. Jr., Bitrus, a kan m, halin da kuzari, da walwala da kuma ba yara hankali. Bugu da kari, sarakuna sun yara na daban-daban matansu Alexis. Ivan ce mahaifiyar Maria Miloslavskaya, uwar Peter - Natalia Naryshkin. Bayan da bãyansu dõmin gudu daga mãsu mayẽwa yi dangi daga cikin boyars 'iyalansu.

regent

Oddly isa, amma a jayayya adadi ga Moscow Elite ya Sofia Romanov biography wanda ya nuna ta yana da karfi da so kuma ya iya shugabanci. A 1682, bayan mutuwar Feodor III na, a cikin babban birnin kasar akwai wani bore musketeers - sojoji, kafa tushen akai Rasha sojojin a lokacin.

Army ƙawãta MILOSLAVSKAYA, sun yi tsayayya da takarar da Bitrus. Sagittarians Naryshkins zargi a kisan na Ivan da kuma kai hari a fadar sarki. Kashe da yawa boyars, wanda ya tsaya a gefe na Bitrus, har da "mai kula da" Artamon Matveev. A sakamakon wannan m baki takaddama manya amince kan cewa duka 'yan'uwa za su yi sarauta tare.

Amma ko da wannan jayayya ba soke su suna yara. Sa'an nan kuma shugabannin yanke shawarar cewa mafi kyau zai zama da regent Sofya Romanova. Biography ya Alexei Mikhailovich dace duk mambobi ne na Moscow Elite, kuma a watan Yuni 1682 ta zama Empress a ƙanensa.

A hannun dama na Sophia

Kafin Rasha ƙarshen XVII karni akwai da dama tsanani ciki da waje matsaloli. Suna tare da dukan hukumar Sophia. Romanov ya da karfin iko, amma ya dauka a yanke shawara bisa ga shawarar da ya fi so. Mafi kusa shawara gimbiya ya ubangijina, kuma jami'in diflomasiyyar Prince Vasily Golitsyn. Hukumance, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban da jakadun da oda (analogue na ma'aikatar harkokin waje).

"12 articles"

The Legacy of Sophia mahaifin samu matsala Orthodox addini sãɓãni kawai sabõda. Church garambawul da aka za'ayi a karkashin Tsar Alexis da sarki Nikon. Canza wasu daga cikin gargajiya akidun da ayyukan hajji ya kai ga wani mataki mai juriya na al'umma. Mutanen da suka ba ya so ya yarda da bidi'a, da ake zargi da karkatacciyar koyarwa.

Sophia Alekseevna Romanov, wanda mulkin wata ma'ana ci gaba da mulkinsa na mahaifinta, da goyan bayan da tsohon haramta shi manufofin da dissenters. A 1685, gimbiya dauki abin da ake kira "12 articles". A wannan dokar da aka codified azãba dangane da Old Muminai. Halatta yanke hukuncin kisa, azabtarwa, a gidan yari, a cikin ganuwar gidajen ibada, kwata na dukiya.

Tallafi na "12 articles" ya haddasa wani Fitowa na dissenters daga Moscow da sauran manyan birane na Rasha jihar. Tarihi Lev Gumilyov, da kuma wasu masu bincike yi imani da cewa dokar da aka daya daga cikin mafi munin a cikin tarihi na Rasha jihar Final siyasa. Abin sha'awa, a cikin shekara na Louis XIV a lokaci guda tare da Sophia soke a Faransa da doka da Nantes, watsi da addini haƙuri zuwa Furotesta.

Madawwami zaman lafiya tare da Poland

Ko a lokacin da Alexis Rasha yake yaƙi da Poland. A makamai rikici ya ƙare a 1667, amma da yawa yankin da rigingimu ba a kammala. Diplomatic warware wannan matsala da kuma dauki Sophia Alekseevna Romanov. A zamanin da regent zo a lokacin da kasashen biyu suka sha'awar da ƙuduri na dogon-tsaye sabani. Da wannan bango, a Moscow bayan Rzeczpospolita isa.

A kashi na hujja zauna Hetman - ƙasar Cossacks a Ukraine. Around da yankin da kuma haddasa jayayya. Bayan doguwar tattaunawar a 1686 aka Duk da haka ya kammala Madawwami Aminci. A cewar shi, Poland gane for Rasha Kiev, dukan Hagu-Bank Ukraine, Zaporizhzhya, Chernigov, Starodub da Smolensk. A musayar, Moscow ya biya 146 dubu rubles, kuma ya ba su amsa su shiga a cikin hadin gwiwa Turai yaki da Turkey, wanda barazanar Rzeczpospolita daga kudu. Warsaw riƙe Volhynia da Galicia, kazalika da a tabbatar da hakkin ta Orthodox batutuwa.

Crimean kamfen

A kai tsaye sakamako na har abada Aminci tare da Poland ya kungiyar na Rasha Crimean kamfen da Daular Ottoman kuma ta talakansa Crimean khan. Akwai biyu yakin. Duka jagoranci Vasily Golitsyn. Nada Cif na Sofia goyon Romanov. Brief biography na diflomasiyyar da jũna mafi dace gimbiya.

A 1687, da 100,000th Rasha sojojin tafi a kan tafiya. Crimean Tatars sa wuta a steppe, ƙwarai wahalad da rai daga cikin sojojin. A sakamakon haka, babban sojojin Golitsyn kadawa. Duk da haka, mukaddashin a dama flank detachment kwamandan Gregory Kosagova Ochakov kãma ku, a murƙushe Bugeac taro.

Biyu Crimean yaƙin neman zaɓe ya fara a shekarar 1689. Golitsyn kai Perekop, amma bai yi shi, kuma suka jũya bãya. Prince ya bayyana yanke shawarar janye sabo ruwa scarcity. A sakamakon haka, da Crimean man gas a yi ba a kawo wani moriya sosai Rasha. Duk da haka, da suka yi ya karu Moscow ta girma a cikin idanu na yammacin Turai, to wanda Turkey shi ne babban abokin hamayyarsa da ke barazana ga zaman lafiya da oda na dukan na Kirista wayewa.

Hulda da China

Diplomasiyyar Sophia shãfi ba kawai Turai manya, amma kuma da nisa gabashin kan iyakar kasar. All XVII karni Rasha mulkin mallaka (musamman Cossacks) bi da gabas, har a karshe da suka isa Sin iyaka. Na dogon lokaci dangantaka da daular Qing ba kayyade ta da wani daftarin aiki.

Babban matsala shi ne cewa kasashen biyu ƙa'ida amince a kan Iyakar, saboda cewa kullum da rikice-rikice a cikin m yankunan. Rasha, neman dace ƙasar noma, zaunar da su a Amur yankin, wanda ya hada da yawa, a Jawo. Duk da haka, wannan yankin ne a cikin sashi na tasiri na Qing Empire. A apogee na rigingimu da mulkin mallaka ya fara kewaye Sin Rasha outpost Albazin a 1685.

Domin an daidaita dangantakar da da gabashin makwabcin a cikin Trans-Baikal yankin aika wani ofishin jakadancin, wanda aka shirya Sophia Alekseevna Romanov. Sakamako na gimbiya na Board sun kullum tabbatacce, amma wannan episode tare da kasar Sin ya zama wani m bugun jini a cikin tarihin na regency. Daular Qing sanya hannu akan kwangilar ne musamman disadvantageous ga Moscow. Rasha da aka hana ta Far Eastern yankuna, da Amur yankin, kazalika da da sansanin soja Albazin. Da kan iyaka da kasar Sin da aka gudanar a kan bankunan na Argun River. The daftarin aiki da aka sa hannu a Nerchinsk zama da aka sani Nerchensky kwangila. Its mataki ne tsaya kawai a tsakiyar XIX karni.

asarar ikon

The kafa domin na regency na Sophia ba zai iya zama na har abada. Peter girma sannu a hankali, da kuma jima ko daga baya 'yar'uwarsa zai yi ba shi ikon. Na biyu wa - Ivan rauni - duk da ta high matsayi wani m rawa. Bisa ga al'ada na lokaci, Peter karshe ya zama ya fara tasawa bayan ya auri 'yar wani bafada Evdokia Lopukhina. Duk da haka, Sophia Alekseevna Romanova, a takaice dai biography wanda ya nuna ta a matsayin ikon-jin yunwa mace ba cikin sauri ba da hanyar mai rinjaye wuri zuwa ƙanensa.

A kawai 'yan shekaru regency gimbiya kewaye da kanta tare da dama mutane. Soja shugabannin, ciki har da yawan maharba samu da matsayi saboda Sophia da kuma goyan bayan kawai ta siffantawa. Bitrus ya ci gaba da rayuwa a cikin kewayen birni kauye na Transfiguration, da alakokinsa da Kremlin zama ƙara maƙiya.

The kawai karfi da zai iya dogara a kan gaba sarki ne ya m da sojojin. Wadannan regiments aka kafa a kan shekaru da dama. A farko, yarima kawai hutu soja merrymaking, amma sannu a hankali sojojinsa ya zama wani karaya da karfi. A watan Agusta, shekarar 1689, magoya bayan ya gaya wa Bitrus cewa ya aka shirya farmaki. The saurayi dauki tsari a cikin Triniti-Sergius sufi. A hankali shi ta hanyar dokoki da diplomas, ta lashe kan musketeers, kuma Sophia zauna a cikin Moscow a kadaici.

Rayuwa a cikin sufi

A cikin watan Satumba shekarar 1689, Sarkin 'yar'uwarsa da aka hambarar da kuma aika zuwa ga Novodevichy Convent. A cikin ganuwar da cloister Ta rayu kewaye da masu gadi. A 1698 a Moscow da in babu sarki m strelets tawaye. The fitina aka mur. A binciken da ƙarasa da cewa 'yan maƙarƙashiya aka je zauna a gadon sarautar Sophia. Ta dangantaka da ta ɗan'uwansa, kuma ya ba baya bambanta da dumi, da kuma yanzu da Bitrus da duk umurni da yanka da 'yar'uwa nuns. Sofya Romanova, photo hotuna wanda a sarari ya nuna ta tsanani yanayin a kurkuku, ya rasu ranar 14 ga Yuli, 1704, a cikin Novodevichy Convent.