Solovetsky sufi. A tarihin Solovetsky sufi

Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi ban mamaki ruhaniya wurare na Rasha Arewa. Solovetsky Islands fascinate kuma jawo hankalin ba kawai domin ta kyakkyawa da sararin bude sarari, amma kuma asalin labarin.

Local ganuwar tuna da yawa da baƙin ciki, amma ba kasa da murna. Zuwa nan, za ka kũtsa a cikin wani hikaya da alamu, da samun su san ainihin na Rasha rai.

Pearl Orthodoxy

Dasa uku kwantata sufi irin cell bayan mutane da yawa ƙarni ya samo asali a cikin wani duniya taska. Miliyoyin mahajjata zo a kowace shekara don ganin ban mamaki ƙasar. Wannan Haikali a lokacin ta zama ta gudanar ya samu wani soja sansanin soja, wani kurkuku da kuma sansanin, inda sa-gwajen a kan mutane.

Duk da haka, kome zai iya karya da ruhu na sufaye. Yau, bayan shekaru masu yawa a cikin sufi jurewa sabuntawa, samar da dama kayayyakin da bauta da kuma aikin hajji, da sabis da ake gudanar da za'ayi maganar Allah ga Laity.

Gwargwadon wuri

Solovetsky sufi da aka located a kan hudu tsibirin na tarin tsiburai a fadar White Sea. Daban-daban gine-gine, gabatarwa da kuma gidajen lama suna located in ƙanana da manyan guda na ƙasar.

A stark kyau na wuri mai faɗi da ta atomatik adjusts da zuciyar dan Adam zuwa ga ruhaniya. Ba abin mamaki, bisa labari, duk da gine-gine a cikin sufi tsaya a kan wurin da mu'ujizai da kuma wahayi ya faru.

Saboda haka, a kan Big Solovetsky Island da kuma Hawan Yesu zuwa sama ne Savvatiy Skit da Filippovskaya, Makarii da Isaakovskaya hamada.

A cikin Big Muksalma located Sergius sufi. A nan, sa Haikali a cikin sunan St. Sergius na Radonezh. Akwai kuma wani sufi da kuma farm gini ga ma'aikatan. Wadannan biyu tsibirin suna da alaka da wani causeway kira "Stone Bridge".
A Anzere ne Ele'azara hamada, da Triniti, kuma Golgotha-Crucifixion Skete.
Big Rabbit Island bãyar da masauki, St. Andrew hamada.

The girma na gine-gine nasa ne 17-18 ƙarni, amma suka gina a karkashin shugabanci na sufaye a kan site na haihuwa dilapidated gine-gine.

Har ila yau Spaso-Preobrazhensky Solovetsky sufi, idan dangane da tarihi da takardu na zuwa goma sha huɗu farmsteads. Suka zauna, yafi a arewacin parishes na Rasha Empire.

Fili - misãlin reshe sufi. Community, rabu da kenkenewa, kuma mai rai waje da canonical ƙasa. Amma da suka girmama shatan na babban sufi.

Don kwanan wata, kawai hudu aiki sufi - a Moscow, Arkhangelsk da Kem Faustovo (kauyen ayi ba da nisa daga Moscow).

Domin mahajjata, yana da muhimmanci a san cewa izni ake bukata don tafiya zuwa Solovetsky sufi. Yadda za a kai shi? Kisa na takardun da sauran kula yawanci dauka a kan hukumar. Saboda haka, akwai biyu zažužžukan: biya wani gogaggen shakatawa afareta, sakamakon dukan aikin yi maka, ko a je, kokarin samun abin da kanka. A farko hanya ne tsada da kuma sauri, na biyu - shi ne mai rahusa da kuma daina.

A tarihin Solovetsky sufi

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Solovetsky sufi Dates baya ga 15th karni. Yana da aka a 1429, uku sufaye dage farawa da gina na farko cell. Bayan wani lokaci daya daga cikinsu, Savvatii, reposed, da kuma wasu biyu - Herman da Zosimus - baya a kan Big Solovetsky Island.

Jim kadan bayan da cewa, suna da wani hangen nesa daga cikin m coci a gabashin gefen tsibirin. katako coci da aka gina, da kuma a cikin sittin daga cikin wannan karni, Zosima aka bayar a diploma na Novgorod Archbishop Jonah. Bisa ga daftarin aiki, yanzu tsibirin, da kewaye ƙasar da kuma nan gaba na sufi da aka bai wa maras lokaci mallaki sufi.

A lokacin da wadannan lafiya shekara da shekaru ya kare Zosima da Herman. A sufaye na Solovetsky sufi sha wahala da ikon a cikin wani musamman shirya mazaunin kamar yadda ragowar Savvatii, suka shũɗe daga cikin 1435 a kauyen Soroca, kusa da bakin tekun.

A karshen karni na sha biyar a nan riga fara garken kyautai da waɗanda suke a cikin ikon da kuma kunna idanu na biographer. Saboda haka, da na baka labari na St. Herman ya tushen records da kafa sufi Dosifeya. Bisa ga wannan daftarin aiki a 1503 shi ne farkon da tari na rayuwar Solovetsky pervonachalnikov.
A 1478, sufi samu a matsayin kyauta "ci Jamus da simintin kararrawa", wanda yake shi ne a yau daya daga cikin tsofaffin da aka sani Rasha soja kofuna da dama.

A 1479 King John V. Grozny da kaina amince da amincin takardun shaida na ikon mallakar da ta yi alkawarin ba ta rashin lokaci na kukansa.

Abin da yake a cikin Rasha tsars

A irin wannan tsarin a cikin White Sea ya trump katin a cikin hannãyenku daga Moscow ta shugabanni. Da farko, da taimakon abõkan Solovetsky sufi tidies da tattalin arziki da rayuwa na yankin. Mastering Pomerania ba tare da taimako daga cikin sufi ba zai zama haka da sauri da kuma nagarta sosai.

Saboda wannan dalili, da sufi mika duk yiwu taimako. Ya mafi girman matsayi za a iya gani a kan katunan a lokacin. Ba duk aka alama ta wajen manyan gari, amma Solovetsky sufi a kan taswira kokari ne Zagayawar.

Founder na sufi a Moscow babban coci da aka gane a matsayin tsarkaka, da kuma sa hannu na fādar sarki miƙa sadakoki. Duk wannan wani downside, da rashin alheri.
Farko a cikin 16th karni, wani hadadden aiki da dama a kan kafadu na mazaunan waɗannan ƙasashe. Baya lokuta game da saba aiki da sufi, na yi magance tare da erection na kagara. Kwanan baya zuwa tsakiyar wannan karni, na farko da dutse Tsarin. All yi ya lura da mazaunin Philippe, shi ne ya hermitage aka located a kan Big Solovetsky Island.

A 1560-1570 shekaru sufi da aka ayyana da "babban sansanin soja na jihar", a nan aka aiko zuwa ga m Trifon (Kologriv a duniya), daya daga cikin mafi talented gine-ginen da kuma soja injiniyoyi na lokaci. Shi ya jagoranci halittar mafi yawan gine-gine da kuma kufaifan a tsibirin, dating daga karni na sha shida.

Kamar yadda wani arewacin outpost na Orthodoxy da iyakar yankin tare da kasashen Turai, da Solovetsky Islands ba kawai ajiye makiya jiragen ruwa. Da farko, da Burtaniya jiragen ruwa matso, a 'yan shekaru baya farin ciki yunkurin Swedish armada. Dukkan su sun ƙaryata.

Bugu da kari, cikin wadanda mutane hukuma kokarin amfani da karfi ganuwar sufi da cikakkiyar. Saboda haka, daga karshen karni na sha shida, a nan ana fara kore maras so Figures. Saboda haka, tsibirin da ake partially dauki kan ayyuka na kurkuku.

Fili Solovetsky sufi gidaje fiye da dubu m maharba. Irin ikon da ake bukata don kula, don haka da na sarki umurnin daga sufi yi aiki sabis da sadãkõkinsu. Duk abin da aka fi mayar da hankali ne kawai a kan iyakar m aiki. Wancan ne, wannan sansanin soja ya zuwa aiki na dogon lokaci a kewaye yanayin har taimako zo. Kuma da taimakon tafi da nisa!

Duk da haka, da sarakunansu, da bai riga cewa zai haifar da kanta matsala. Yana duk fara da coci da sake fasalin da tsaga. Mafi yawa daga cikin sufaye ki yarda da sabon dokoki, sunã mãsu jũyãwa da Solovetsky sufi a Bastion na haihuwa da bangaskiya. Daga baya da suka shiga rukunin na saurã daga cikin ci sojojin Stenki Razina.

Great kokarin tsarist sojoji a Janairu 1676 da kurkuku da aka Duk da haka dauka. Duk wanda ke da alhakin jagorancin tawaye aka kashe, kantin sayar da wawushe, da kuma halin da aka janye shi. Tun wannan lokacin - game da ashirin - shekaru talatin - sufi fadi cikin kunya.

A koma tsohon wuri ne kawai ya fara a zamanin mulkin Peter Mai girma. By wannan shiri lokaci ne Golgotha-Crucifixion skite.

Synodal lokaci

Duk da haka, tsohon yawa da kuma soja ikon da Solovetsky sufi da kuma bai samu. A gyara mafi ƙasar da aka kwace a 1764, kauyuka da kuma kadarori. Bugu da kari, tsananin tsara da yawan jama'a na da tarin tsiburai. Sarauta ba ya so ya magance m sansanin soja a cikin abin da ya populate da zargi m.

A 1765, ya zama stavropegic kuma canjawa wuri zuwa karkashi na taron majalisar Krista, amma abbots kasance har yanzu archimandrites.

A 1814 da tsakar gida da na Solovetsky sufi da aka saki daga bindigogi, sare yawan membobin ƙungiyar sojojin, da kuma sosai, mazaunin cire daga jerin data kasance mata kagarai.

Duk da haka, gina a zamanin da New Age bango weathered Anglo-Faransa kewaye a lokacin Crimean War. A da harin latest waje maƙiya a kan ganuwar da sufi.

Bayan tsakiyar karni na sha tara, da sufi da ake zama a babban janye daga yankin domin mahajjata. A nan ya zo da sarki da kansa da kuma ayarinsa, artists da kuma jami'an diplomasiya. Gina Triniti Mai Tsarki Cathedral.
A 1886, dokin sufi zo karshe soja na sojojin. Daga wannan lokaci kan matsayi na wani sansanin soja da zai iya zama babu tambaya. Makõmarsu zama a cikin cikakken hankali na ruhaniya cibiyar na Rasha Arewa.

A karni na ashirin da ya fara ga Solovki sosai nasara. A mallakarsu sun fiye da dozin majami'u, da talatin hours, biyu makarantu, wata ƙungiyar mawaƙa na Solovetsky sufi, Botanical lambu. Bugu da kari, ga mazaunin shida Mills, a niƙa, fiye da goma sha biyar daban-daban craft nazarinsa.

A da karkararta aiki fiye da daya dubu da dama da ɗari ma'aikatan mamba hayar Masters. A lokacin shekara, da sufi, ya buga rundunar zuwa fiye da goma sha biyar dubu mũminai, kuma mata da aka ba a yarda a ciki. Suka zauna a cikin unguwannin bayan gari. A saman duk, a cikin mallaki sufi da aka 4 steamer.

A lokacin Soviet zamanin

Kamar dukan annabta kawai wani m da kuma farin ciki rayuwar ga sufaye. Kudi - Ba ƙidaya, da bins ne cike da kayayyakin da dukiya. Sated, kage, m.

Duk da haka, a karshen wani samaniya rai sa da Oktoba juyin juya halin na 1917. Zo hukumomi a bayyane ayyana yaki kan coci da kuma ta ministoci. A 1920, Hukumar ta Red Army jagorancin itacen al'ul, soke Solovetsky sufi, amma ya yi kira a cikin gona nan da sansanin aikin gandu "Solovki".

"Solovki Special Nufa Camp" - Tun da 1923, Elephant fara zuwa aiki a yawa gine-gine. Yana kulle duk siyasa ƙyãmã. Da murabba'in mita, na kurkuku bishops ya fiye a cikin dukan na Rasha a manyan.

Horror a gidan yari, suna goyon bayan da m harbe-harbe da kashe-kashen. Zalunci, da azaba ba su daina, rana ko dare. A sansanin asibiti a Golgotha-Crucifixion sufi, da cikakken daidai da muƙamin.

A farkon zamanin ibada da aka yarda a coci ga sauran daya a kan nasu abõkan tarayya, wanda ya yi aiki a gona, amma a shekara ta 1932 na karshe m aka fitar ga ɓangaren duniya.

A tsakiyar lokacin-thirties aka kashe a nan wani m yawan mutane, yawancin abin da suke a wata hanya ba, za zarga.

Daga 1937 zuwa 1939 a nan zaunar da dutse - kurkuku na musamman manufa, cikakken zaune har zuwa da sunan da. Kuma a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, akwai wani koyarwa kungiyar soja na Navy na Tarayyar Soviet.

dawo da

Aiki a kan sabuntawa na sufi hadaddun fara a sittin karni na ashirin da. A shekarar 1974 akwai aka kafa tarihi da na halitta reserves.

Very ban sha'awa da kuma sabon abu janye girma Anzer tsibirin. Kamar yadda idan ta allahntaka arziki a wani wuri inda hukumomi da aka hane su daina, akwai irin wannan mu'ujiza. Duba a hankali a photo, da Solovetsky sufi - kawai wanda ya iya alfahari da irin wannan Birch.

Tare da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet farfado da zuhudu yawan jama'a da kuma wuraren zamansu. Oktoba 25, 1990 aka hukumance sanar da maido Zosimo-Savvatiy Solovetsky sufi Stauropegial. A farko ya zama m sunayen da aka ba bisa ga yawa. Yanzu ya zama wani na game hadisin.

A shekarar 1992, tarihi da kuma gine-gine abin tunawa ne kunshe a cikin UNESCO Duniya Heritage Site.

Gudana maimaitawa aiki da kuma gina commemorative crosses a ƙasa mafi girma bala'in. Mutane da yawa shahidai na farkon Tarayyar Soviet aka canonized.

A 2001, da sarki na All Rasha Alexy II kaina tsarkake da Solovetsky sufi.
Yadda za a samu a gare shi, a yanzu da damuwa na mutane da yawa mahajjata, domin namolennoe ta wahala, kuma haka wurin yana da wani m makamashi.

Domin bayanai: to kai tsibiran na iya zama ko dai a kan ruwa ko a cikin iska. Akwai biyu main hanyoyin amfani da mazauna, mahajjata, yawon bude ido - a Arkhangelsk da Kem ta (da karshen kawai a lokacin kewayawa).

A tushe sufi a Moscow

Na biyu sunan sion sufi - Church of St. George Mai tanƙwasãwa a kwarin. An located a baya da Moscow River. Wannan yanki ne da ake kira Lower Lambu.
A farko coci aka yi da itace da aka kafa a nan a cikin sau na Ioanna Vasilevicha Groznogo. Amma a request daga Archbishop Elassonskogo, wanda ya iso tare da ofishin jakadancin zuwa kotun a 1588, da wani dutse coci da aka gina a cikin wuri.

A farkon karni na goma sha bakwai, kamar yadda a da yawa majami'u a cikin wannan gidan yari da aka halitta da "troublemakers."

A haikali girma tare da lokaci. Ga wani karni, daga tsakiyar 17th karni, akwai biyu chapels don hašawa - a cikin sunan Virgin Mary, da Nikolaya Chudotvortsa.

Duk da haka, saboda tashar proleganiya ruwan karkashin kasa a karkashin kararrawa, shi ne a karshen karni na sha takwas rushe, kuma ya fadi a refectory. Game da rabin karni, da Ruhbãnãwa haƙĩƙa sunã yi ba tare da wadannan biyu wurare, yayin da daya daga cikin parishioners ba sukan tashi ba to sa kararrawa hasumiya.

Yana da aka gina a kan wani m wuri, don haka cikin tsakar gida na Solovetsky sufi a Moscow ya kadan nesa daga turret.

A shirayin, wanda a yau aiki a cikin sufi, da aka gina a 1836.
A 1908 da coci sake tsira da masifa. Saboda ruwan tsufana na kogin ya malale, lokacin ginshiki, da ganuwar kafa fasa.

The zane-zane, wanda ya fara dakushewa, aka mayar kawai bayan shekaru biyu.
Bugu da kari, cikin hali na haikalin suke wani asibiti, wata makaranta da kuma wani hospice ga tsohon soja.
The coci sarrafa har 1935, kuma a lokacin shekaru na Tarayyar Soviet, akwai wani art hukumar.

A hakikanin na yau

Solovetsky sufi a Moscow a yau farfado a karkashin babban sufi na sufi kan White Sea. Farfadowa da na'ura faru a shekarar 1992.

Yafi aikinsa ne alaka da goyon baya da kuma goyon baya na sufi a tsibirin. A farkon shekarun 1990s akwai wani shiri domin sabis dangane da canja wurin da kaya daga tsarkaka to Solovki. Bugu da ari, da wuraren da aka mayar, ya sa domin.

Shekaru goma bayan da ta samu zai iya tsarkina a duk dakuna, gina Bauta giciye, goma mita high.

A 2003 ta gudanar da wani babban bikin na 350th ranar tunawa da kafa na Church of Nativity da albarka Virgin Mary, wanda ya ba da dalilin da m cin gaban Haikalin.

Kuma a Easter 2006, an gabatar da jama'a nuni novosdelanny iconostasis a biyar tiers.

Babban shrine ne icon na Solovetsky mu'ujiza ma'aikata tare da sauran kaya. Kowane sabis da aka lashe ta da wani roko a gare shi, da kuma ikilisiya amfani da image.
Har ila yau, akwai wani bugu gidan, tsunduma a cikin saki da "Solovki manzo", katunan gaisuwa da kuma sauran buga kayan a kan wani festive Kirsimeti da kuma sauran manyan tsarki kwanaki. Kalandarku, dauke da hotuna, Solovetsky sufi sa da kyau sosai, kuma na asali.

Ikklesiya rai

Dalili na ayyuka na Moscow sufi na ilimi da kuma horo na matasa parishioners. A cikin ƙasa akwai wani Lahadi makaranta, inda yara koyi da juna daga 6 zuwa shekaru 13. Calendar binciken shirin ne kõma up daidai da canons na Kirista da kuma tsare duk addini holidays.
Iyaye kansu shirya wani abinci ga dalibai.

Har ila yau, yana aiki fotokruzhok, shi musanyar taimakekkeniya da Moscow film makaranta.
Bugu da kari, a shekarar 2011, ya shirya tafiya da motar yawon shakatawa na Moscow gani. Daya daga cikin balaguro din, misali - Ivan da Munin, kuma St Philip.

Tasowa dauki wuri a cikin makwabtaka da tsakar gida, a Faustovo kuma a Kolomenskoye. All tafiye-tafiye da ake na musamman alaka da tarihi da kuma aiki na sufi. Har ila yau, kowane 'yan watanni, mabiya kawo mahajjata zuwa Solovetsky Islands.

Dalilin wadannan tafiye-tafiye da ba kawai ilimi, amma kuma ta ruhaniya. Bayan da yawon shakatawa, kowa da kowa zai iya zama da tambaya ministan duk tambayoyi. Ya za su karɓa musu, ko, ko kira zuwa ga taron.

Bauta da aka gudanar kullum da ibadar - sau da yawa a sati. Kuma a Lent, a kan Alhamis, a can ne matsananci unction.