"Soyuz" roka. Launch roka "Soyuz"

A karo na farko da wani roka "Soyuz" manned kumbon sama jannati da aka kaddamar 04/23/1968 aka piloted ta matukin-cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov. Ko'ina cikin dukan jirgin gano da yawa imperfections a cikin tsarin. A rana bayan da ƙaddamar da jirgin ya ki agazawa da tsarin lokacin a guje naúrar daga falaki. Jirgin tare da xan sama jannatin saukar zuwa ga ƙasa. Tare da irin wannan ban tausayi da ya faru ya fara da hanyar da kumbon sama jannati, wanda daga baya ya zama dogon-rayu sarari. A labarin da mayar da hankali a kan m roka "Soyuz".

Tarihi na halitta

"Union" shi ne wani uku-mataki jefa abin hawa (LV). Yana da aka tsara don gudu a kan da Earth kewayewa manned kumbon sama jannati "Soyuz", sarrafa kansa raka'a "Space".

A aiwatar da samar 20.05.1954, tare da yanke shawarar ci gaba da wani intercontinental ballistic harsashi. Shugabannin na ci gaba da aiwatar da suka D. I. Kozlov da kuma S. P. Korolev. Dalili na sabon roka da aka "Fitowar" da "R-7Sai". Yi ya fara a 1953.

Domin gwaji na dukan halaye na yi na gwajin site ya fara a shekara ta 1955. Aka yanke shawarar kirkiro da shi a Kazakhstan a tashar jirgin Tyr-Tam. Yau, an san duk da Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Kawai bayan nasara halittar LV "Vostok", "Voskhod" SP Korolev fara cin gaban wani gaba ɗaya sabon shugabanci na nazarin sararin samaniya. Ya fara tasowa manned kumbon sama jannati (SC) tare da orbital module a kan jirgin. Run da PC ya roka "Soyuz".

Mũ ne Muka halitta a kan tushen da ta RN "Fitowar". A gagarumin zamani ya magana zuwa block na uku mataki. Yana yiwuwa a kara ikon halaye na na'urar.

zane

A roka "Soyuz" a fili yana rarrabe siffofin a cikin tsarin. Ana iya gane ta hudu gefen tubalan conical siffar, aka located a mataki na farko.

A tsawon dogara a kan irin PC, amma shi ba ya wuce da adadi na 50,67 mita. An fara taro ya zama kasa da 308 ton da a total nauyi na man fetur a cikinta 274 tons.

Bangaren sassa:

• Level 1 kunshi hudu boosters;
• 2nd - Wannan tsakiyar naúrar "A".
• 3rd - wani block "B".
• gaggawa ceto tsarin.
• dangi da adaftan.
• nosecone.

Space roka "Union" shi ne iya kaddamar da kaya zuwa 7.1 tons.

man fetur

A duk matakai uku na roka amfani da wannan man fetur. Su protrudes jet kananzir T-1. A oxidizing wakili ne ruwa oxygen. Shi ne ba mai guba, amma a high wuta Hazard da kuma fashewar.

Domin aiki na karin tsarin ƙara rura wutar na'ura qananan adadin na ruwa nitrogen, da hydrogen peroxide.

gyare-gyare RN

A roka "Soyuz" ya ba ta haifi da sauran gyare-gyare:

• "Union-L" - don gwajin Lunar koyaushe. Yana ta kaddamar da aka gudanar daga Baikonur Cosmodrome a 1970-1971 gg.
• "Soyuz-M" - duk da gabatar da aka gudanar daga Plesetsk Cosmodrome a 1971-1976 gg. Domin da farko lokacin da taimakon kawo jirgin cikin sarari guda, sa'an nan ya fara da za a yi amfani da su gudu razvedsputnikov Zenith "Orion".
• "Soyuz-U" - ne aka yi nufi ga kaddamar a cikin sarari guda a jam'i na kumbon sama jannati (manned kaya). Ya bambanta daga asali zane more iko injuna da 1st da 2nd matakai. Kamar yadda a yau ta lokaci shi sanya game da 770 gabatar da.
• "Soyuz-2" - da irin canji na W. The aikin da aka kira "Rus".
• "Soyuz-ST" - da aka kafa a kan tushen da irin 2. Yana bayar da kasuwanci gabatar da daga Kourou.

tarihi gabatar da

Daga shekarar 1966 zuwa shekarar 1976 shi ƙãga 32 jefa, na da 30 sun nasara. Da farko roka da aka kaddamar 11.28.1966, a sakamakon wanda aka dauka a cikin sarari suKe wani unmanned jirgin. Karshe lokacin da wani roka "Soyuz", wanda ya gabatar da hotuna, tashi 14.10.1976 shekara, motsi zuwa kai jirgin cikin falaki.

All gabatar da aka sanya daga Baikonur. A saboda wannan dalili №1 kaddamar gammaye, №31.

The jefa "Union" da aka alama ta biyu bala'i, na farko na abin da ya faru a kan 14.12.1966 shekara. The matsaloli fara a cikin shiri domin jefa, a lokacin da gefen naúrar ba jawo pyro. Kayan aiki kasa, da roka zauna a tsaye. Har blended man fetur, da jawo gaggawa ceto tsarin, wanda duk wannan lokaci ya kasance a cikin aiki da kuma duba da jirgin ta yanayin. Dalilin hada da tsarin shi ne cewa da Duniya ta canza tare da juyawa kwana, da kuma tare da shi, shi da aka maye gurbinsu da roka. The ƙungiya a wannan lokaci tsaya a gindin na RN.

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na roka, da sauran a ƙasa, ta kama da wuta coolant. Wannan ya kai ga m fashe. Mafi yawan mutane gudanar ya bar ƙasar. Ya mutu nan da nan Korostylev Major, wanda ya ɓoye bayan wani bango da kuma shake da hayaki. A rana ta biyu, inda suka kashe sojoji biyu.

Na biyu hadarin ya faru 04.05.1975 shekara. A kan jirgin kasance PC VG Lazarev da Og Makarov. Sun sanya na biyu sarari jirgin. Matsaloli fara a cikin kiwo PC cikin sarari guda aiki da ya yi gaggawa sashen. A lokacin da wannan aka dauka tsawo na 150 kilomita.

A jirgin ya a gefen wani dutse a kusa da birnin Gorno-Altaisk. Ya yi birgima saukar da tudu da kama da mu'ujiza itacen da girma a gefen wata magudan ruwa. A 'yan saman jannati na tsira godiya ga cewa harbi bai yi laima. Kwashe 'yan saman jannati zuwa helikofta. Su gudu dade 21 minutes 27 seconds.