Tsaro Arctic. Iyakacin duniya mindar tsaro

A tarihin yakin duniya na biyu Arctic tsaro a cikin na farko lokaci na yaki ne sosai daban-daban daga adawa da makiya mu dakarun sauran wurare gaban. A Arewa, da bambanci ga sauran iyakar yankunan, da Red Army sojojin ya ba da maƙiyinka kawai sosai kananan yankin. Our dakarun rayayye kare, wani lokacin ma counterattacking.

Fashewa yaki

Nazi Jamus, na shirin kai farmaki Tarayyar Soviet, ya jagoranci da ci gaban daban-daban kwatance. Yawan irin yankunan da shigar da arewacin kasar, ciki har da da Kola Larabawa. Yãki ya barke a cikin wadanda wuraren a farkon yakin da dade har zuwa faduwar 1944. Babban maƙiyi buga dauki kan fili na Arewa da kuma Karelian fronts. Bugu da kari, shi yana a kan yãƙi sojan ruwa sojojin na Arewa rundunar motoci, dake da sansani a gaban-line yankunan.

War ya zo da Arctic a cikin Yuni kwanaki na 1941. A rinjãye na Soviet gundumar na Arewa Army izini da Jamusanci Wehrmacht Nazi Jagoranci "Norway". Wadannan sojojin ya zama dole don tsara da shan kashi na Soviet sojojin da kama na Murmansk, bi da dãmã da Kola Larabawa.

M aiki da aka goyan bayan da Jamus sojojin iska armada na 400 da jirgin sama. A arewacin Norway a tashar jiragen ruwa biranen da aka tushen 5 torpedo jirgin, 6 submarines. Bayan an shirya ya unsa 15 jiragen ruwa ta kãma Norwegian.

Red Army sojojin

Wadannan sojojin tsayar da 14th Army na Red Army. Yana kunshi wani kananan jiki, biyu raba dakaru rarrabuwa da kuma iska division. Daga cikin tẽku, da goyon bayan samar Arewa jiragen ruwa. The kalubale shirya kai da mahalarta na Arctic tsaron wata cover arewacin kan iyakar da gazawar karya ta makiya gaban, 550 km fadi.

Border Lines na Red Army da aka halitta a cikin shugabanci na Murmansk, inda babban line na tsaro a kan kogin Zapadnaya Litsa. Ta tsaron kiyaye ɓangare na 14 th da kuma 52 ga watan dakaru Division.

Kamar yadda masu yawa kamar yadda uku tsaron gida Lines aka gina a cikin Kandalaksha shugabanci. Dalilin wannan mai zurfi constructions a yankin na yaƙi tsarin na Soviet sojojin shi ne ya fi muhimmanci, a hade tare da rashin m wurare domin gudanar da tsaro, an bude flank na kare da hatsarin da ɗaukar hoto na maƙiyi. Akwai tsaro da aka gina a kan nisa na zuwa 30 km. ikon yawa ne low nan - game 9 bindigogi da kuma 22 tankuna da 1 km. Jamus da wani babba magabaci. Manpower da manyan bindigogi sun yi sau 2 more jirgin sama - hudu.

farko doka

Tasiri a kan shugabanci na Murmansk, Jamus sojojin bugi a cikin kwanaki bakwai, bayan da yaki ya fara. Bayan ya dauki manyan bindigogi shiri da kuma iska harin, maƙiyi farmaki da rabo daga cikin Soviet sojojin a gaban nisa na game da nisan kilomita 35. A rana daya, m maƙiyi ya iya ci gaba zuwa 8-12 km, inda ya aka tsaya. Haka abin ya fara da tsaro na iyakacin duniya yankin.

A na biyu ƙoƙari su kai farmaki

Bayan regrouping jiki "Norway" Yuli 7 tafi a kan m. Part haye Yammacin Litsa kuma warai shiga tsaron gida umarni na 52nd dakaru Division. Saboda da rashin reserves a cikin Soviet sojojin halitta a mawuyacin halin da. Kokarin janye hankali daga gaban abokan gaba sojojin, da shugaban sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa komai a fili malochislenny, lo'ba da flank na abokan gaba. A sakamakon haka ne ba dade a cikin zuwan. Ba tare da sanin gaskiya da karfi na sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa, da makiya ya jẽfa danniya na duka 3rd bataliya, a lokaci guda loosening da daukan hankali da karfi. Sassa na 52nd dakaru Division nasara a mafi wuya tsaron gida fadace-fadace sa saukar da abokan gaba, sa'an nan a cikin shakka daga counter-kai hari, da goyan bayan da hallaka "Uritsky" da "Kuibyshev", tura abokan gaba da baya zuwa ga tsohon matsayi.

Yuli 11 makiya koma cikin m mataki. Ya ya iya karya a cikin tsaron gida umarni na 52nd Division, amma m juriya na mu sojojin a cikin kwana biyu na farko na makiya taimaka wajen dakatar. Ko a lokacin makon godiya ga hukunci ayyuka na counterattacking, ya tilasta su janye dakarunsu da su na asali matsayi.

Rushe Yuli m taimake sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa wanda aka yi komai a fili a tsakiyar watan Yuli da ya biya wata flank hari da dannawa maƙiyi sojojin. Ya ya iya janye hankali kansu manyan abokan sojojin.

kaka yãki

Makiya sha wahala nauyi jikkata a cikin Yuli yãƙi, kuma rasa mai yawa soja kayan aiki. Wannan ya sa abokan gaba su gaggawa karfafa kungiyar, a tsakiya a cikin Arctic. A watan Agusta, da SS iso nan tsakanin 6,500 mutane. Halartar reorganization da Soviet sojojin a cikin Arctic. Bisa ga Arewa Front aka halicce Karelia da kuma Birnin Leningrad, a karshen watan Agusta.

Satumba 7 farkisanci sojojin sake kaddamar da wani hari da mu dakaru rarrabuwa. Kuma sun samu nasara a jingine da 14 ga watan Division da kuma rufe hanya tsakanin Murmansk da kuma Yammacin High School, wadda katse da wadatar abinci da kuma kawo ƙarshen da fitarwa.

shigar da reserves

A halin da ake ciki tilasta umurnin ba tare da jiran da samuwar da 186th dakaru Division, motsa shi zuwa yaƙi. Satumba 15 shi a mike daga Maris samu da hannu a cikin yãƙi, tsayawa gaba da abokan gaba.

A 23 ga watan Satumba, da 186th Division, karfafa ta a yawan dakaru regiments, kasa, haifar da wani counterattack a kan makiya sojojin ya karya ta, kuma amai da shi don kawar da nasara da kuma mayar da gaba line. Tsaro na Soviet Arctic, inda akwai hotuna a cikin labarin, dandana mafi hukunci lokaci na tarihi.

A cikin shugabanci na Kandalaksha maƙiyi m fara Yuli 1. A 'yan kwanaki ƙungiyoyin mu sojojin gudanar ya samu nasarar daidai da m harin da makiya sojojin. Lokacin da barazana da yanayi ya taso ne saboda na flank nasara sojojin ba da umurni ga tattara zuwa na biyu line na tsaro. A wadannan iyakoki mu sojojin kwana arba'in nasarar tsãwace maƙiyi harin.

A nasara a kan SS raka'a

Group "Nord" SS - kawai a iyakacin duniya yankin Haša SS aka hannu a farkon watan Yuli. Kusan nan da nan Jamus raka'a fuskanci babban kalubale a shawo kan matsalar Soviet defenses. A fannin Salla Soviet sojojin da suka tara kwarewa a cikin Finnish War, suka yi yaƙi kashe da dama daga farko hare-haren da makiya, sa'an nan counterattacked. Sun jefa a Jamus domin mai nĩsa. A farkon yakin da SS sojoji suka rasa 100 suka kashe mutane da 250 mutane rauni. SS 150 m.

A dabara na Jamus sojojin ya m kamar wannan. A lokacin taro na maƙiyi sojojin bayan bincike a cikin daban-daban kwatance sa a gaba kananan kungiyar wanda nan da nan shirya tsaron gida matsayi. Next fara shelling da bincike don neman aibu a cikin tsaron gida constructions na mu sojojin.

Don shirya m barrage da aka gudanar zuwa zurfin 15 km, wanda jũyar da kai hare-hare na kai harin a gaba. Sa'an nan ya bi da dakaru hari, wanda aka goyan bayan manyan bindigogi da kuma tankuna a kungiyoyin na 2-3, kokarin gudanar da wani bypassing da tsaro na Tarayyar Soviet sojojin, ko a samu a shi mafi m batu.

A karshe, maƙiyi m, a 1941

Wani farkisanci harin da aka kaddamar a ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamba. Our sojoji nacewa tsayayya da makiya. 12 kwanaki makiya kokarin kai farmaki, amma sun ci gaba ne kawai zuwa zurfin 3 km. A karshen, maƙiyi m Maganta ya bushe. Akuma up reinforcements riga a 23 ga watan Nuwamba, tare da babban sojojin mayar da su cikin m, amai da makiya zuwa ga asali matsayi.

Maƙiyi daga cikin tikis kuma ba zai iya kawo wa m. A Jamus umurnin yunkurin tabbatar da rashin samun nasara a wannan fannin wuya yanayi. A gaskiya, da tsare-tsaren na Nazis taimake derail ƙaddamar da Red Army da kuma mazauna yankin.

Fuskanci tare da tsari juriya, da Jamus an tilasta wa gwamnatin jinkirta da tsare-tsaren to, ku kãmã Murmansk har fi sau. Duk da haka, wadannan nufi aka ba a aiwatar.

A sakamakon haka, a cikin shakka daga tsaron gida mataki, wanda dade watanni uku, ƙasa sojojin na Soviet sojojin, da goyan bayan da sojojin ruwa da kuma iska karfi, tsãwace duk da hare-haren da makiya, karya ya tsare-tsaren dauki Murmansk. Saboda da nauyi asarar da abokan gaba da aka ba su iya ci gaba da m mataki, kuma ya jũya zuwa ga tsaron gida.

Karfafawa na gaban line

A baya cimma matsayi na gaban line aka stabilized kuma, ko da yake yunkurin da aka yi don canja halin da ake ciki da kuma bangarorin biyu lizimta da tsakiyar kaka na shekarar 1944.

A tsaro, da sojoji da 14th Army, da nuna babban tenacity, iya rike da layin dogon lokaci. Cimma gaci, kuma yunkurin ya dauki bangare a cikin yanayi sojojin suppressed m tsaro da counter-ayyuka ajiye sojojin. Tsanani shafi yaki da hannu a cikin amphibious landings, wanda ya yi aiki a raya na ciyar da abokan gaba. A wannan mataki da Arctic kan tsaro, da kuma Red Army sun riga sauran mafi m raga.

A sakamakon yakin

Umurnin dakarun kare mu sojojin ya tabbata, kuma m. Kowane kokarin da aka consistently da nufin warware soja ayyuka. Umurnin sojoji da kuma sassa sarrafawa daga umurnin cibiyar, dake kusa Murmansk kuma wanda ya kariya daga makiya iska buga. Sadarwa a tsakanin sassan kasance abin dogara. Don tsayar da shi yi amfani da mai waya kafofin watsa labarai da kuma gida madaukai.

A wannan lokaci mai muhimmanci a fafata a Arctic sun White kuma Barents Tekuna. A protagonists daga waɗanda events sun Arewa Sea matuƙan, suka gudanar a cikin shekaru kare Soviet Arctic nasarar gudanar a arewacin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Tarayyar Soviet kusan 1,400 jiragen ruwa a 78 convoys.

A cikin shakka daga 1942-1943, wannan bangare na gaban kuwa shi ne scene na fada matsayi, inda amfanin ba su iya cimma wani daga cikin yaƙe jam'iyyun. Operation a karshe saki na Soviet Arctic ya fara a 1944, a kan 7 Oktoba. Soviet sojojin buga Luostari da Petsamo. Cikin makonni biyu da fadan da Red Army gudanar jẽfar da makiya fiye da kan iyakoki na Tarayyar Soviet.

Mun kafa awards

Watanni biyu bayan wasan karshe shan kashi na Jamus-Finnish invaders a cikin Soviet ta Arewa, a cikin watan Disamba 1944, ya bayar da umarni, da ta kafa ya samu lambar "Gama Tsaro na Soviet Arctic." A Mafarin sabon umurnin a kan awarding lambar yabo da kuma mahalarta a cikin abubuwan da suka faru da shi shi ne kasar ta saman shugabanci. A ci gaban da ta halarci Kanar Alov artist Kuznetsov.

A ra'ayin na kafa lambar yi scouts Karelian Front. Don gasar, hukumar da aka gabatar da dama almara, da mafi kyau na wanda gane wani zane sanya ta Laftanar Kanar als. Dabara soja majalisa ta taimaka wa ra'ayin. A zane da aka aika zuwa Moscow. A farko daftarin marubucin modified da artist Kuznetsov, da kuma kyautar da ya samu ta karshe form.

Dukansu soja da fararen hula ke da gudummawar da yaki domin Soviet Arctic, karbi lambar yabo ne domin kāriyar da iyakacin duniya yankin. Jerin awardees ya 353.240 mutane.

dokoki na awarding

Arctic Tsaro dade daga farkon yakin har zuwa karshen Oktoba 1944. Don kyautar wakiltar dukkan aiki mahalarta a cikin manyan abubuwan da suka faru - da sojoji, matuƙan da kuma fararen hula. Don mutum ya da aka bayar da wannan lambar yabo, da ake bukata takardun da zai iya tabbatar da sa hannu a cikin tsaro na yankin. Dole inquiries ya ba da shugabannin, management na kiwon lafiya cibiyoyin, 'yan zartarwa iko.

A dama da lambar yabo da aka bai wa soja da farar hula daga dukkan makamai, su shiga rayayye a cikin tsaro na ba kasa da watanni shida, ya halarci musamman yadda ake gudanar, wanda aka za'ayi a cikin kaka na shekarar 1944 (wanda idan da lokaci na hallara dabi'u riga ya), kazalika da fararen hula, kare da Arctic ba kasa da watanni shida da hanyoyi samuwa a gare su. Mutane bayar da lambar yabo ga Arctic tsaron iya da biyu da sojoji da kuma farar hula. Saboda haka, wannan lambar yabo da aka Valentin Pluchek, sanannen fim darektan, a lokacin yaki, ya jagoranci wasan kwaikwayo wasan kwaikwayo a yankin. Domin Arctic tsaro kuma bayar da Yuri Herman , saboda littafinsa "Far Arewa," da aka rubuta a kan Karelian gaban.

The dama gabatar da lambar yabo

Iyakacin duniya mindar tsaro, kyauta jerin wanda ya kunshi sunayen da jarumi da kuma m mutane - babban kimantawa da taimako na sojoji da mazauna yankin a cikin nasara a kan abokan gaba. The matsayi a kan kafa wani sakamako, wanda aka amince da gwamnatin, shi za a iya gabatar da su ga shugabannin raka'a na Red Army, da matuƙan hidima a cikin harkokin tsaro. Wanda ya riga ya kare su sabis a cikin sojojin, ko kuma a cikin sojojin ruwa domin wasu dalilai mabambanta, ciki har da babban rabo daga cikin ritaya shekaru, da lambar da za a iya bayar da izni na soja commissariat na wurin zama. Fararen hula a wannan jiha lambar yabo da aka izini ba majalisarku da na wakilai, daga Murmansk da Murmansk yankin. Mutane bayar da tare da lambar "Domin tsaron na Soviet Arctic" zai iya zama kamar mayaƙa, (kamar sanannen mai ceto Chelyuskinites matukin Liapidevskii) da kuma} ungiyoyin.

waje zane

Lambar don Tsaro na iyakacin duniya yankin da aka yi da tagulla. Its diamita - 3.2 cm. A obverse samu lambar da aka yi wa ado soja image nuna sa up damansa hannu da kuma cije kansa ya juya zuwa ga dama. Sojoji sanye take for hunturu: Jawo hula tare da ja star, gashi. Ya kwashe ya saba makamai - submachine gun PCA. A hagu gefe na tsabar kudin za a iya gani wani ɓaɓɓake daga wani sojan ruwa jirgin ruwa, positioned a saman a garesu tashi da jirgin sama. A kasa, a cikin foreground, gani tankuna. Bugu da kari, a kan obverse akwai sunan wani sakamako, wanda shi ne a kan da'irar daga hagu zuwa dama. A tazara tsakanin farko da kuma karshe kalma a cikin rubutu a kan tef, wanda ne wanda aka nuna a kan biyar-nuna star da kuma alama da Tarayyar Soviet a cikin cibiyar.

A kan Reverse gefen tsabar kudin a cikin uku Lines taken: "Ga Our Soviet Mahaifa, mahaifiyata". Sama cewa, da Soviet gashi na makamai za a iya gani.

Silk kintinkiri yana da nisa daga 2.4 cm, launi da shi blue. Middle - kore band 6 mm a fadin, rarraba filin zuwa daidai sassa.