St. Ignatius Bryanchaninov: biography, littattafan

Primate na Orthodox Church bar musamman lamba a kan al'adu da rayuwar ruhaniya na kasar. Ayyukansu da kuma kalmomi shafi samuwar da mutane da dama da al'ummomi. Daya daga cikin fice Figures na Church - St. Ignatius Bryanchaninov. Ya bar baya da sararin wasiyya: ruhaniya da kuma jagoranci adabi, rubutu da shahararrun masana tauhidi da kuma statesmen ya lokaci, da yawa daga mabiya.

Family da kuma yaranta

A nan gaba Bishop na Caucasus da kuma Black Sea da aka haife shi a wata daraja iyali na mashahuri Bryanchaninovs a farkon Fabrairu 1807. A baftisma karbi sunan Dmitry. Kafin ya dawo a cikin iyali ya mutu biyu jariran da uwa tasa, da kokarin shawo kan yanke ƙauna kuma fifita a cikin bangaskiya, ziyarci wurare masu tsarki a kusa da iyali Estate a cikin Vologda yankin. Hot a kan salloli da wani yãro aka haife, bi da bi ta wani 'ya'ya biyar. Tun suna yara, Dmitry ya na musamman yaro, ya ƙaunace kawaicin da nake yi, karanta fi so m yara wasanni. Interest a zaman zuhudu da aka ƙaddara farkon.

Primary ilimi, duk yara Bryanchaninovs samu a gida. Amma shi kuwa ya faru m cewa sauƙi taimaka wa kowa ya shiga da a makarantu tare da mafi scores. Bisa ga kane, Bitrus, Dmitri bai kashe ikonsa ko ƙaramin yawa na ilmi. A cikin zafi na wasan, a wargi tying yara fadace-fadace, Dimitri ko da yaushe ya ce wa ƙaramin: "ku yi yãƙi, kada ku daina!" Wannan dagewa St. Ignatius Bryanchaninov za'ayi ta hanyar ransa.

makarantar aikin soja

A shekaru 15, mahaifinsa ya yanke shawarar aika Dmitry soja makaranta. Wannan nema da matsayi da kuma matsayi na iyali a cikin al'umma. A kan tafiya zuwa St. Petersburg, zuwa wurin da horo, da mahaifin tambayi dansa, don haka abin da yake cikin zuciyarsa. Dmitry, bayan da wasu da jinkirin, ya tambayi mahaifinsa ba ya zama fushi a lokacin da m amsa masa, ya ce cewa ya ga kansa a m. Iyaye ba su biya yawa da hankali ga amsa, jayayya da cewa wannan shi ne yanke shawara da sauri, kuma ba ya bayar da shi da wani muhimmanci.

Competition a cikin Soja Engineering School of St. Petersburg ya high: ya yi selection na talatin dalibai daga ɗari da talatin da nema. Dmitry Bryanchaninov aka soma da daya daga cikin na farko a kan sakamakon jarrabawa. Ko sa'an nan, malamai annabta shi da wani haske nan gaba. Kinship iyalai da kuma nasu talanti don taimaka matasa zama Brianchaninov shigar da wallafe-wallafen da yamma tare da shugaban kasar na Academy of Arts AN Venison. A wani da'irar bohemian, ya sanya idon sani na Pushkin, Krylov, Batyushkov, kuma nan da nan ya aka sani a matsayin mai kyau mai karatu.

A lokacin da ya nazarin St. Ignatius Bryanchaninov aniya koyi kimiyya, shi ne mafi kyau a cikin aji, amma ciki son sa a cikin filin na ruhaniya amfane shi. A wannan lokacin, rabo kawo shi zuwa Valaam sufaye da m na Alexander Nevsky Lavra. A 1826 ya sauke karatu daga makaranta a cikin sahu na leftana, wata takarda ga murabus yi nan da nan. Ya burin ya ke e nan gaba rayuwa na zaman zuhudu. Wannan ne ya hana ba kawai dangi, amma babban birnin kasar da kuma m patrons. Dmitry Brianchaninov ya je gidan, amma Ubangiji yana sauran tsare-tsaren.

A novice a gidajen lama

Bayan isowa zuwa wurin sabis, Dinaburgsky sansanin soja, matasa soja da aka tsanani da rashin lafiya. Da cutar ba a wuce, da kuma bayan wani shekara ya sake tambaya ga fitarwa daga aikin soja, da kuma wannan lokacin duk abin da ya tafi a cikin ni'imar. Warware daga rãyuwar aikinsu, Dmitry tafi zuwa ga dattijo Leonid, wanda ya yi aiki a cikin Alexander-Svirsky sufi, inda ya zama wani novice yana da shekaru 20 da shekaru. A dangane da yanayi na dattijo Leonid zarar ya koma farko a Ploschansky Hamada, daga hagu zuwa Optina hamada tare da shi matsawa sanya novices, ciki har da Bryanchaninov.

Rayuwa da tsauraran sharudda a Optina mugun shafi kiwon lafiya na Dmitry. Ya aka tilasta su bar, hanyar sa gida, inda ya ya iya ziyarci jinya uwa a ta neman dauki na gaggawa. Lokaci ya ciyar a cikin iyali da'irar, ya short-rayu, da kuma novice tafi Kirilo-Novoozersky sufi. A sauyin yanayi ya kusan m, Dmitry ya zama rashin lafiya, da kuma kaddara, kamar yadda idan gwajin da ƙarfi a cikin mafita, saurayin ya koma ga iyaye na da garun.

Bayan gano gawar zama karfi a ruhu, da samu albarkar da bishop na Vologda, nan gaba Bishop Ignatius Bryanchaninov tafi Semigorsky novice a jeji, sa'an nan ya koma zuwa ga Dionysian-Glushitsky makõmarsu. novitiate lokaci - daya daga cikin mafi wuya gwaji, Dmitri ya kafa a yanke shawara. A wannan lokaci da ya rubuta na farko samfurin "Crying m." Yuni 28, 1831 Vologda Bishop Stephen tonsured da hasken ta bayyana m Ignatius, sunan da aka bai girmama na saint da kuma shahidi Ignatiya Bogonostsa. A wannan shekara novopostrizheny m ya samu daraja da Irena, da kuma bayan 'yan kwanaki - firistoci.

da yawa ayyukansu

A rayuwa na St. Ignatius Brianchaninov yana cike da nasarori, matsaloli da kuma m aiki na ruhaniya. Da yake ina da matasa shekaru, ya aka nada a matsayin shugaban Pelshemskogo Lopotovo sufi. Makõmarsu ya shirye su rufe, a lokacin da Ignatius isa wurin sabis. Yana da ya zama ba kawai wani makiyayi IN NUMBER fraternity, amma kuma wani mai gini. Duk da yawa gine-gine, streamline sabis, yawan sufaye na sufi karu zuwa talatin da sufaye aka mayar da shekaru biyu da ƙwazo aiki a cikin sufi.

Ya ɗaure a kan, m ga irin wannan matashi, hikimar tsiwirwirinsu girmamawa tsakanin 'yan'uwa rector, girmamawa da kuma mara biyayya har ma fiye da ta mazan da sufaye. Himma da kuma tasiri ba Yunƙurin zuwa keɓewa, ieromanaha Ignatius zuwa ga daraja da mazaunin na sufi.

A nasara da kuma m dawo da rasa kusan sufi da aka farko ɗaukaka. Active aiki, da tawali'u da kuma juriyarsu a cimma manufofin jawabi sabon alƙawari: a karshen 1833 da mazaunin Ignatius aka tuno zuwa St. Petersburg, inda ya aka sanya wa tsare na Triniti-Sergius hamada. A daidai wannan lokaci, akwai da aka daukaka zuwa ga daraja da Archimandrite.

Triniti-Sergius hamada

A lokacin da tallafi na sabon sufi, Archimandrite Ignatius ya shekara ashirin da bakwai. Triniti-Sergius hamada da ke cikin yanayin talauci: a thinning ɗan'uwansa kuwa rikice, akwai wani lalaci, sabis da aka gudanar tare da sabawa. Fili ya dilapidated, da yawa rushe. A karo na biyu, St. Ignatius Bryanchaninov yi feats mayar da ruhaniya da kuma kayan rayuwa na ayyukan danƙa matattararsa.

Da kusanci na St. Petersburg da kuma m sani rector taimaka wajen sauri shirya up cikin dakin. Rai na ruhaniya ne cika da dauki da shiriya, godiya ga jagorancin Ignatius uba. Cikin kankanen lokaci na sabis cikin Triniti-Sergius hamada sun abar. Musamman da hankali da aka biya zuwa Chants. Aikinsu da kuma kula a filin horo na mawaka amfani P. Turchaninov. Mawaki Glinka MI, a karshe shekaru kasance da hannu ga tarihi na coci music da tsaftacewa da haihuwa scores, ya rubuta da dama ayyukan ga gida mawaka.

A 1834, St. Ignatius Bryanchaninov samu daraja da Archimandrite, da kuma a 1838 ya zama shugaban makaranta na lama ko'ina cikin St. Petersburg diocese. A 1848, gaji da aiki da kuma cutar hare-hare, Archimandrite Ignatius tambaye ga murabus da kuma shiri a secluded sufi. Amma wannan lokaci, Ubangiji ya sauran tsare-tsaren. Da ciwon samu iznin zuwa watanni 11 a tsawon, prelate ya kõma zuwa ga aikinsu.

Ba wai kawai da tsari na sufi da rai daga cikin mazaunin tsunduma. Da hankali da aka riveted ga Tauhidi, adabi, bincike, gani. Cikin ganuwar na Triniti-Sergius hermitage akwai wani mai ilimin tauhidi da kuma rhetoric - St. Ignatius Bryanchaninov. "Ascetic kwarewa" - don haka ya kira daya daga cikin mafi kyau ayyukansu, na farko biyu kundin aka rubuta a wannan lokaci. Daga baya, daga alkalami zo tauhidin littattafai cewa zubar da haske a kan da yawa tambayoyi daga addini, ciki hali na sufaye da laymen.

episcopacy

Fata da in bauta wa Allah kuma coci, Ignatius Bryanchaninov amma duk da haka ilmantuwa kawaicin da nake yi. Amma ya ya aka nada bauta wa da samuwar rai na ruhaniya a cikin daya daga cikin mafi wuya yankuna na Rasha. A 1857 Archimandrite Bryanchaninov ya Caucasian da kuma Black Sea bautarsa. Diocese of management dade shekaru hudu. A wannan lokaci, an sanya da yawa daga administrative aiki: hukumar gabobin da aka ba a haraji ga jihar, ya karu da albashin da firistoci, halitta a kyau mawaka, gina ta da bishop gidan da farmstead, da seminary ya samu wani sabon wuri.

Amma cutar ya cigaban, shi ya ƙara da wuya a bauta, kuma bishop ya yi wani takarda tambayar da murabus da kuma kau da a St. Nicholas sufi Babaev. Wannan lokaci da bukatar da aka sanya.

A karshe mafaka

A 1861, St. Ignatius Bryanchaninov tare da da dama dalibai zo don shirya a wani m sufi. A farko rayuwa a cikin sufi da wuya a kwantar da hankula: Nicholas Babaevskaya mazaunin yana cikin doldrums, shi ya ɗauki mai yawa aiki don mayar da shi. Yi tafiya sau da yawa maimaita hanya zuwa ga tsohon babban rabo: a cikin wani gajeren lokaci gabatarwa da aka gina, akwai wata gona, gina wani sabon coci a daraja na Yaren Kasar Icon na Uwar Allah.

Ga zo na farko tsanani ayyukan St. Ignatius Brianchaninov. Ya bita da baya rubuce-rubucen da ya fara rubuta sababbi. A farko a cikin jerin mafi kyau ayyukan da aka rubuta "Otechnik" (posthumous bazawa) da kuma "haraji ga wani zamani zaman zuhudu." Lokacin da rai na marubucin littafin da aka buga, wanda ya kasu kashi uku sassa:

• Na farko da kungiyar hada "ascetic ayyuka", 3 kundin.
• Abu na biyu: "The ascetic hadisin", 4 ga watan girma.
• da na uku: "haraji ga zamani zaman zuhudu," 5 cewa.

A karo na hudu na ayyukan da aka buga bayan jana'izar saint, shi ne "Otechnik". Bukatar tsakanin addini da kuma sa mutane warai addini littafi, wanda aka rubuta ta St. Ignatius Bryanchaninov, "Don taimaka wa mai tawakkali." A wannan aikin, rubuta shiriya, ba m shawara ga waɗanda suka bi hanyar ciki haske, inda tũba - madogara na addini da kuma hira da Allah. Afrilu 30, 1867 ya kawo karshen Duniya ta hanyar da saint, da kuma hawan fara.

canonization

Halittar St. Ignatius Brianchaninov samu fitarwa ko a lokacin rayuwarsa, kuma ya tafi dakunan karatu. Athos firistoci, domin ta shahara matsananci shari'a da kuma himma ta bangaskiya, da idon yarda ayyukan marubucin. A rayuwa na saint ya ascetic, cikakken aiki, m wasanni. Laity, 'yan'uwa da kuma dalibai bikin yawa na rai Ignatiya Bryanchaninova, bayan mutuwarsa, sha'awa a cikin mutum aka ba ta kasu ba. Ayyukan suna da yawa, sunã shiryarwa star a search na kaddararsa.

Jingina zuwa saint faru a shekara ta 1988. A canonization ya faru a Local Council na Rasha Orthodox Church. Ku taɓa mai tsarki relics iya zama Vvedensky Tolga sufi Yaroslavl diocese. A sabis na Allah, don taimakawa mutane a lokacin da yake rayuwa da kuma bayan mutuwarsa samu makoman St. Ignatius Bryanchaninov.

Books: tauhidin al'adunmu

Wallafe-wallafen da kuma tauhidin ayyukan Saint m a kan al'amurran da suka shafi tashe a wadannan batutuwa. A gwaji na sararin rubutu da yawa m abokai, shahararrun mutane. Na musamman sha'awa ne da tauhidin rubutu da Pheophan recluse wanda ya tattauna karatu fastoci ruhaniya al'amarin. A general, da wallafe-wallafen addini al'adunmu yana nufin wadannan tauhidin batutuwa:

• Eschatology.
• Ekklezeologiya.
• An marubucin rukunan ruhaniya ni'ima, abin da suke gargaɗi ga waɗanda suka yi nazarin tauhidin.
• Angelology.
• Apologetics.

A cikakken tarin ayyukan St. Ignatius Brianchaninov kunshi bakwai kundin. Ƙarni da dama na sufaye, laymen, masana tarihi da kuma masoya na adabi Littafi na St. Ignatius Brianchaninov taimaka sami amsoshi, yin zabi na kara hanyar, taimaka da aminci ruhaniya goyon baya.