Submarine "Northwind": description da kuma bayani dalla-dalla. Nukiliya submarines "Northwind"

Soma na farko na Rasha Navy ta dabarun nukiliya submarine "Northwind" aikin da aka soma a shekara ta 2013. A submarine, wanda aka buga a cikin gida da kuma waje photo kafofin watsa labarai, da ake kira "Yury Dolgoruky". Shi ne a lokacin da aka kaddamar kawai a baya shekaru 12. Bugu da kari, shi ne na farko da cruise jirgin da irin, gina a cikin sabon Rasha.

Wane ne Boreas

Fassara daga Girkanci "Borey" na nufin "arewacin". Amma wannan Gwargwadon ra'ayi, amsawa jera sarrafawa yankin, "Yuriya Dolgorukogo", ma'anar sunan aikin da aka ba su ƙãre ba. Kowane submarine na "Borey" aikin wakiltar ikon da Greek mythological bautãwa wa Note kuma Zephyr, ɗan Astrea da Eos, da karaya mulkin arewa iska. Rubuta game da shi a cikin "Iliad" na Homer, ya kasance da aka fi so gwarzo na Masters zamanin tsohuwar Girka, kwatanta shi da yawa a cikin ayyukan art cewa sun sauko namu sau. Iko, winged, bearded, dogon-masu gashi, ya rayu a cikin "sedmidomnom wakiltar" (cewa shi ne quite secretive) da kuma aikata abin da ya so. Lokacin da ya yanke shawarar aure - ta sace Orifov, da 'yar sarki, ta hanyar. Wannan batu ne daga baya nuna a kan canvases yawa artists. An hasashen image na abin bautãwa Boreas (kuma aka sani da Zephyr) ne da kuma zanen "Spring" na Botticelli. Shin sunan nukiliya submarine babban alhaki ne.

Tarihi na aikin

A submarine "Northwind" da aka asali tsara don wani takamaiman irin dabarun nukiliya matsakaici - m-man fetur makami mai linzami "Haushi" (P-39UTTH), ci gaba a cikin tsakiyar eighties a matsayin counterweight zuwa Amurka, "Pershing-2". Kamar yadda ya juya daga baya, shipbuilders sun sun jimre da aiki mafi alhẽri daga da roka maza, wanda duk ya tafi ba daidai ba. A ƙarshen "Haushi" mun yanke shawarar watsi da aikin, wani sabon submarine hannu bi ta wani abu dabam. Daya zaɓi ne don ba ta cruise makamai masu linzami, amma Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta nace a kan ci gaba da gudanar da bincike a fagen m-man fetur makamai masu linzami, yana da, a kwatanta da baya samar a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ruwa samfurori, da dama abũbuwan amfãni. Karkashin ruwa jirgin a halin yanzu ya ci gaba da gina. A kasar ta tako kalubale sau.

Ba a kare ba Yeltsin zamanin

Aikin da aka shirya bayan da Tarayyar Soviet auka. A farko submarine na "Borey" aji aka kafa a shekarar 1996 kuma ya zama ... a real dadewa yi. Bayan shekaru biyu, a lokacin da gazawar da wani "Barco" ya zama na fili, a shirye-sanya taswirar da za a riƙa bita. A yi na m da hur jiki na rikicin kudi da kuma gaira kudi dade shekara goma sha biyu. Kawai a 2008 ya mai kauri kaddamar da "Yuriya Dolgorukogo", amma shi ya dauki wani cikakken biyar-shekara kalanda don karshen kammala aikin da canja wurin da jirgin na Arewa jiragen ruwa na Rasha Federation. Amma duk wadannan yunkurin shawo kan matsaloli da za a iya daukarsa wajaba a kansa. Submarine "Northwind" yana da musamman seaworthy.

Menene wannan jirgin?

Nutsewa zurfin - hudu mita (480 matsakaicin). Kura idon gudun - 29 kullin, surface -15 raka'a. Daftarin (cikakken) - .. 24 ton kowane murabba'in mita jiki sanya daga high-ƙarfi austenitic bakin karfe AK-100, kula 40-ton load. jirgin ta tsawon - 170 mita. Ruwan ruwa ake cirewa daga gefen tatacen, kuma aka ɗauke ta daga wannan oxygen enrichment na iska da ake bukata domin su cikin abin hawa. A surface ba za ka iya tashi ga watanni. m rai yanayi na habitability kafa domin ƙungiya. Nukiliya submarine "Northwind" ganinSa da jinSa kome cewa motsa a nesa na da yawa dubun mil a kusa, yana da wani barga dangane da masu lamba Ft Irfan tashoshi da suke ko da yaushe a shirye su gudanar da wani fama manufa. Dalilin da jirgin, sabanin mutane da yawa Generic takwarorinsu, dabarun. By domin na shugaban kasa, dole ne ya sadar da wani m makaman nukiliya makami mai linzami buga, a ikon wanda quite isa ya juya dukan nahiyar a cikin wani m hamada. Don yin wannan, dole ne ka Fe asirce ba a wani yanki na teku, a kan wani ba a sani ba zuwa ga wani m maƙiyi zurfin kula unpredictable a gare shi. 'Yan tsaro shigarwa rufe da wani mayafi na asiri, kamar submarine "Northwind". Bayani dalla-dalla m, sani game da su quite a bit, har ma sai kawai saboda babban manufar wani tsaro tsarin kama matakin - tsoro a yiwu tsokana.

A manufofin da dabarun makami mai linzami submarine ba kunshe nemi kai ko sojoji maƙiya fleets. Yana bayar da kawai nukiliya deterrence sananne barazana daga biya idan farmaki.

Game da Shipbuilding "kyauta"

Financial matsaloli tilasta yin halitta daga cikin na farko jirgin na cikin jerin ( "Yuriya Dolgorukogo") amfani domin ta yi na sashe "Cougar" Project 971 submarines (wanda kuma aka sani da suna "Pike-B"). The zane na "Aleksandra Nevskogo" kama kayayyaki da aka aro daga "Lynx", kuma a cikin akwati na "Vladimirom Monomahom" - da "Ak Bars". A latsa leaked da bayanai da cewa farkon da kuma soke zama nukiliya submarines "Barnaul" ya zama wani irin mai bayarwa ga sabon jiragen ruwa, ta haka ne bada Yunƙurin zuwa wasu sukar na Rasha tsaro masana'antu su kusantar da karshe game da fasaha ci baya na Rasha jiragen ruwa. Gina pessimistic zato cewa submarines na Project 955 "Borey" ba na karshe kalma a cikin sojan ruwa Shipbuilding, da kuma tattara daga sakandare raw kayan da aka gyara, sun soke zama submarines. A gaskiya ma, cikin aikace-aikace ne quite dace bawo ƙwanso - quite justifiable awo don rage abu halin kaka. A kan yãƙi damar sabon jirgin ruwa ba ya canzawa.

Reactor da propulsion tsarin

A zuciya na submarine - a 190-megawatt tururi OK-650V. Babban kafofin daga hayaniyar da bayyana wani nukiliya submarine, sun hada da farashinsa, coolant yin famfo da kuma TGZA (turbo-gas-kaya naúrar). The zane na nukiliya submarine "Northwind", wadannan raka'a ne guda a matsayin cewa amfani a kan jirage na baya jerin (ciki har da "Ash" aikin). Amma wannan ba ya nufin cewa amo matakin ya kasance iri guda - shi rage saboda daban-daban fasaha dabaru. Sai ya zama a jet propulsion na'urar, wanda rage muhimmanci da decibel, duk kayan aiki samu musamman buga absorbers. Akwai wani zato cewa a halin da ake ciki bukata musamman ajiye, akwai cire GTZA daga propeller shaft da jirgin ruwan da aka kore ta musamman low-amo engine. A kalla cewa hanyar warware wannan tambaya na sirri "Ash".

tsara ta huɗu,

A submarine "Northwind" - tsara ta huɗu na jirgin. Its nufin ya maye gurbin submarines sanya a Soviet sau, da latest daga waxanda suke kan jijjiga domin kwata karni da kuma dauke da makamai da irin "Sineva" linzami ruwa. A ci gaba da Tsarin cikin wannan yanayin ne wajaba: submarine ne tsada sosai, kuma suna da wani dogon sabis rayuwa da kuma kawar da su sabon model hankali. Dabarun teku dako nukiliya da makamai masu linzami da Amurka Navy da kimanin guda shekaru a matsayin Rasha, musamman ma tun da na karshe lokacin da Amurka da aka bai wa fifikon da hankali ga halittar Multi-manufa submarines a kudi na kalubale na duniya dakile. Da taki na yi na Rasha submarines sun tashi muhimmanci a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ko da yake Soviet nagartacce har yanzu fada takaice. Saboda haka, na biyu jirgin (da kuma na uku) Project 955 ya iya sa a cikin sabis kawai shida shekaru bayan kwanciya.

kiya tashar

A duka hanci na submarine "Northwind" ne shagaltar da sosai m siffar zobe eriya Sonar tsarin MGK-600B "Irtysh-Amphora". Duk yadda mai iko wani makamai giant karkashin ruwa, dã ya kasance m ba tare da ikon ma'ana tantance muhalli surface da kuma karkashin ruwa halin da ake ciki. Baya daga cikin saba ayyuka, kunsha a shumopelengovanii, Target ya san kuma sadarwa, kwamitin Gak iya auna kauri daga cikin kankara ganowa torpedoes da mahakar, to sami cikin rami a cikin kankara a arewacin latitudes da kuma samar da umurnin jirgin mai yawa da wasu amfani bayanai, invaluable a wani fama halin da ake ciki.

roka launchers

A submarine "Northwind" yana da wani rarrabe silhouette da ni'imar chopping ambaliya. Akwai makami mai linzami launchers, wanda su ne babban makami na karkashin ruwa jirgin ruwa na soja manufa ta musamman. Har daidai lokacin da bayanai da aka buga a kan dabarun yiwuwa na sabon jirgin, soja masana yi imani da cewa su twenties. A gaskiya shi ne, ba haka: launchers, goma sha shida, kowane daga cikinsu - makami mai linzami "Bulava". zurfin ultraprecise karfafawa tsarin samar da abin dogara tashi daga duk wani fama hanya.

To, abin da ke tare da "Bulava"?

A submarine "Northwind" An halicci domin zama da mai bãyar da sabon makami mai linzami "Bulava". Tun Janairu 2013 da jirgin ne wani ɓangare na Arewa jiragen ruwa, amma har yanzu ba a san yadda tasiri iya zama duka ya sãme su. A miƙa mulki ga wani sabon nau'in harsasai tabbatar da mafi rikitarwa fiye da baya tsammani. A gaskiya, da abũbuwan amfãni daga m-man fetur da makamai masu linzami ne kamar haka:

- kafaffen ajiya da kusan cikakkiyar wariya na yiwuwar mai haɗari farko-up.

- a gwada low cost.

- sauki farko.

- kasa m zuwa makami mai linzami tsaron gida tsarin.

Duk da haka, m roka da karami radius na fama da aikace-aikacen fiye da - a wannan taro - kama taya. Bugu da kari, da fasaha na su samar ne halin da yawa tausasãwa.

A shekarar 2013, a kan jirgin cikin "Aleksandra Nevskogo" da aka samar da commissioning "Bulava R-30", ya ci tura. Shell fadi biyu mintuna bayan farkon. Kafin wannan lamarin, da gwajin shige nasara. Bayan matsala da wadannan triggers an ma yi ba tare da kasa. sirrinka yanayi ba da damar m karshe game da fama iyawa na submarines "Northwind". TTX makami mai linzami "Bulava" da aka sani kawai a general sharuddan, su dokoki ne a jihar m. Aiki don inganta da kuma ƙara da AMINCI ci gaba.

Sauran jiragen da ayyukan 955

Kowace daga cikin wadannan "Borey" submarine gabatar da irin bambanta daga baya girma kammala. Da gubar jirgin, "Yury Dolgoruky" tun farkon 2013 aka dangana ga tushe na Navy Gadzhiyevo (SF). "Alexander Nevsky" - na gaba submarine - daga karshen wannan shekara, ya yi aiki a cikin Pacific jiragen ruwa a Vilyuchinsk, a matsayin wani ɓangare na 25th Division. A shekara daga baya, a watan Disamba 2014, ya zo na uku naúrar na cikin jerin nukiliya submarine "Vladimir Monomakh" a kan wannan akai. All uku jiragen an ba tukuna magance wajibi a fara aiki yankunan. Yana da wuya a yi hukunci ga abin da har dalilin haka shi ne cewa daga cikin fasaha shiri. A al'ada yi dukan fleets na duniya ne sosai aiki fita da basira da crews kuma cimma cikakken kayan mallaki jirgin kafin barin aiki dakin. Umurnin kunshi 55 sosai shugabanni da 52 matuƙan, to wanda da basira da bukatun ma sosai high. Kan yadda ayyukan suna da kyau hadewa, ya dogara ba kawai a kan nasarar da dogon tafiya, amma kuma rayuwar seafarers.

Wadannan "Borei"

A shekara ta 2009, a cikin "Sevmash" aza ta huɗu jirgin na aikin 955, ya karbi sunan St. Nicholas. A halin yanzu, a ciki da ƙãre gidaje ana shigar da kayan aiki da kuma lantarki kayan. Wannan version na karkashin ruwa mai linzami yana da wani 955-U index.

A 2014 ne ta fara da yi raka'a biyu - "Suvorov" da "Prince Oleg" (version 955-A). Ayyukansa ne a cikin lokaci na taro na matsa lamba ƙwanso.

Ga 2015 an shirya kwanciya na biyu submarines na aji "Boreas".

An iyakance zuwa ko Navy takwas Rasha submarines na tsara ta huɗu, shi ne har yanzu ba a sani ba. Watakila, yawan su isa goma ta 2020. A tsawon lokaci, za su iya maye gurbinsu a kan wajibi "squid" da "Dolphins" Project 667, wanda da riga otsluzhat ransa.