Shrapnel - abin da yake da shi? Yana kama shrapnel?

Wannan labarin ya bayyana abin da wani shrapnel lokacin da yin amfani da irin wannan bawo da kuma yadda shi ya bambanta daga wasu.

yaki

Bil'adama shi ne a yaki kusan a lokacin da dukan tsawon lokacin da ta zama. A zamanin d da zamani tarihi shi ba guda karni elapsed ba tare da wasu yaki. Kuma a bambanci ga dabba ko mutum-kamar magabatan mu mutane hallaka juna domin daban-daban dalilai, ba kawai saboda banal rai sarari. Addini da siyasa jayayya, da launin fata ƙiyayya, da sauransu. Tare da kara ci gaban fasaha da hanyoyin yaƙi sun canza ƙwarai, kuma mummunan fara dama bayan da sabuwar dabara na gunpowder da kuma bindigogi.

A lokaci daya, ko da m muskets da igwa, da harbi harbi, muhimmanci canja da dabaru da kuma dabara na arangama. Kawai sa, da suka sa an kawo karshen zamanin da Knights da makamai da dogon yaƙi. Bayan duk, abin da hankali ga kawo nauyi makamai, idan ba su kare ku daga bindiga harsasai ko igwa ball?

Na dogon lokaci gunsmiths kokarin inganta zane na bindigogi, amma ya juya daga shi kawai a cikin biyu da rabi na XIX karni, a lokacin da manyan bindigogi bawo zama unitary da kututturan - Threaded. Amma hakikanin fasaha nasara a filin manyan bindigogi nakiyoyi da aka sanya shrapnel. Mẽne ne da kuma yadda za a yi wannan da makamai masu linzami, za mu tattauna a wannan talifin.

definition

Shrapnel - musamman irin gun dako, wanda aka tsara domin tafiyar da kuma halakar da makiya manpower. An mai suna a cikin girmamawa ta kirkiro, Birtaniya jami'in Henry Shrepnela. Babban da kuma rarrabe wannan harsasai shi ne cewa ya hura tashi a wata qaddara nesa da kuma ¡uraishi makiya sojojin ba Shell, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa da kuma daruruwan karfe bukukuwa da aka warwatsa mazugi directed zuwa widest ɓangare na duniya - da cewa shi ne hakikanin abin da ya shrapnel. Abin da shi ne, yanzu mun san, duk da haka, mu tattauna a more daki-daki cikin zane fasali da kuma tarihi na irin tarin harsasai.

labarin

A wani lokaci a lokacin da gunpowder manyan bindigogi ne tartsatsi, sosai a fili ya nuna daya daga cikin shortcomings - saki a kan abokan gaba core ba isasshe daukan hankali taro hali dalilai. Yawancin lokaci shi kawai ya kashe daya ko fiye mutum. Sunny shi kokarin gyara da cewa gun aka tuhuma da buckshot, amma sai saukad da sharply nufi kewayo. Wannan duk canza a lokacin da suka fara amfani da shrapnel. Abin da shi ne, da muka riga sani, amma bari mu yi la'akari a cikin mafi daki-daki, da zane kanta.

Da farko irin wannan harsashi ne mai cylindrical akwatin aka yi da itace, kwali ko bakin ciki karfe, wanda shige zuwa cikin karfe bukukuwa da kuma foda cajin. Sa'an nan saka a cikin rami haske tube cushe da jinkirin-kona foda, wanda kunna lokacin da wani harbi. Kawai sa, shi ne wata m fis retarder, kuma ta daidaitawa da tsawon na tube, shi yiwuwa a lissafta da tsawo da nisa a da harsashi zai karya da kuma ya jefa submunitions a kan abokan gaba. Saboda haka, mun tattauna tambaya na abin da ake nufi shrapnel.

Wannan irin ammonium sosai da sauri ya tabbatar da ingancinta. Saboda a yanzu shi ne, ba wajibi a duk don samun kowa, babban abu - shi ne yin lissafi da tsawon matukin jirgin tube da nesa, amma riga akwai karfe kartechiny yi su aiki. Shekara shrapnel firtsi ne dauke su 1803rd.

rifled bindigogi

Duk da haka, duk da tasiri na kashi manpower sabon iri na bawo, suka kamiltattu. A tsawon haske tube dole ne a lasafta sosai sosai, kamar yadda nesa da abokan gaba. su sau da yawa misfire saboda da daban-daban abun da ke ciki na gunpowder ko lahani, wani lokacin fashe prematurely ko ba sa wuta a duk.

Sa'an nan a 1871 sojan igwa Shklarevich bisa babban manufa na shrapnel bawo haifar da wata sabuwar nau'in - unitary da rifled bindigogi. Kawai sa, irin manyan bindigogi harsashi type "shrapnel" da aka haɗa ta propellant share fage ta cikin hannun riga da an caje ta hanyar gun breech. Har ila yau a cikin wani sabon nau'in fis, wanda bai ba da misfires. A musamman irin siffar zobe dako jefa harsasai tsananin a kan axis na jirgin, maimakon a duk inda kamar dā.

Gaskiya ne cewa irin wannan harsasai da aka ba ba tare da flaws. Babban daya ya cewa kona lokaci na fis ba za a iya sarrafawa, sabili da haka, da lissafi na manyan bindigogi da dauki a gare shi a daban-daban domin daban-daban nisa, wanda ya sosai m.

daidaitacce undermining

Kafaffen shi ne a 1873, lokacin da ƙirƙira subversive tube tare da swivel gyara zobe. Ma'ana shi aka gaskiya cewa zobe da aka yi mãkirci division denoting nesa. Alal misali, idan ka bukata don rushe wani dako a nesa na 300 mita, shi ne na musamman key ƙonewa ya juya zuwa ga dace division. Kuma shi ne sauƙin don tabbatarwa da yaki, saboda alamar ya zo daidai da notches a cikin manyan bindigogi radar, da kuma wasu na'urorin don kayyade nesa ba bukata. Kuma idan ya cancanta, ta hanyar kafa da mafi ƙarancin dako fasa lokaci na bindigogi da za a iya kora kamar daga kartechnitsy. Shi ne kuma yanzu da kuma haifar daga bugawa a kasa ko wasu shãmakacẽwa. Kama shrapnel, za a iya gani a cikin hoto a kasa.

da yin amfani da

Mun yi amfani da wadannan bawo daga farkon sunã ƙirƙirãwa har zuwa karshen yakin duniya na farko. Duk da abũbuwan amfãni a kan tsohon m roba projectiles, tare da lokacin da ya bayyana cewa shrapnel yana da disadvantages. Alal misali, ta submunitions sun m da sojojin abokan gaba, wanda aka boye a cikin ramuka, dugouts kuma a general wani mafaka. A talauci horar da Gunners sau da yawa saka da ba daidai ba mayar da martani lokaci fis, kuma a samar da yana da tsada, irin wannan bawo, shrapnel. Mene ne shi, muka fahimta.

Saboda bayan yakin duniya na farko, shrapnel shrapnel bawo gaba daya maye gurbinsu da fis din na da tasiri irin.

Amma a wasu samfurori da makamai da shi ne har yanzu amfani da, misali a cikin Jamus tsalle nawa Sprengmine 35, - a lokacin kunnawa dagawa cajin tura zuwa tsawo na game da shida mita "kofin" cike da siffar zobe harsasai, da kuma ya fashe.