Industrial robot. Butun-butumi a wurin aiki. Inji-mutummutumi

Wadannan na'urori ne a yanzu musamman a bukatar a tattalin arzikin. Industrial robot, kadan kama ta samfur a cikin littafin da Capek ta "Tashi daga cikin Butun-butumi" - ba ciyad da juyin juya halin Musulunci ideas. A akasin wannan, da ya yi aminci cika, kuma tare da tabbacin, a matsayin babban samar da matakai (taro, waldi, zanen) da kuma karin (loading da Ana saukewa, da kam na samfurin a lokacin masana'antu, canja wuri).

Yin amfani da wannan "mai kaifin" da inji taimaka wa tasiri bayani na uku da manyan samar da matsaloli:

• kara yawan aiki.
• inganta aiki yanayin ga mutane;
• inganta da amfani da albarkatun jama'a.

Industrial mutummutumi - brainchild na manyan-sikelin samar

Butun-butumi a samar da massively yada a cikin marigayi XX karni saboda da gagarumin karuwa a masana'antu samar. Manyan jerin samar sa a bukatar tsanani da kuma ingancin wannan aikin, wasan kwaikwayon na wanda ya wuce na haƙiƙa mutum yiwuwa. Maimakon amfani da dubban mutane na gwani ma'aikata a zamani fasaha shuke-shuke aiki da yawa sosai sarrafa kansa samar Lines aiki a discontinuous yanayin ko ci gaba da sake zagayowar.

Shugabannin a ci gaba da irin wannan fasahar, furta da yin amfani da masana'antu mutummutumi ne Japan, Amurka, Jamus, Sweden da kuma Switzerland. Cikin biyu manyan kungiyoyin kasu kerarre a cikin muka ambata a sama kasashe, yanzu masana'antu mutummutumi. Siffofin membobinsu aka ƙaddara ta biyu ta sha bamban management hanyoyin:

• atomatik manipulators.
• na'urorin, m-sarrafawa mutum.

Me amfani da su?

Game da bukatar samar da su fara magana a farkon na XX karni. Duk da haka, a lokacin har yanzu bai wanzu cikin kashi tushe ga shirin. Yau, wadannan umurnin lokacin-inji mutummutumi aka yi amfani a mafiya yawa daga cikin mafi technologically m masana'antu.

Abin baƙin ciki, sake-m da irin wannan "na fasaha" inji na dukan masana'antu hampered zuba jari gaira. Ko da yake da abũbuwan amfãni daga su amfani fili ƙetare na farko tsabar kudi halin kaka, saboda su ba ka damar magana ba ne kawai, kuma ba sosai game da kai, amma game da babban canje-canje a samar da aiki.

A amfani da masana'antu mutummutumi za yadda ya kamata yi-BREAKING mutumin da baya a kan mawuyaci da daidaito: loading / saukewa, stacking, kasawa, fuskantarwa na sassan. motsi workpieces daga daya robot zuwa wani, da kuma ƙãre kayayyakin - to sito. tabo waldi da kabu waldi. taro na inji lantarki; na USB kwanciya. yankan workpieces hadaddun kwane-kwane.

A jan kafar matsayin wani ɓangare na wani masana'antu robot

Aikin ya hada da irin wannan "smart" inji na reprogrammable ACS (atomatik kula da tsarin) da kuma aiki matsakaici (motsi da kuma tsarin da inji mai jan kafar) Idan ACS yawanci m isasshen gani boye da ba rush kai tsaye zuwa cikin ido, da aiki m yana da irin wannan halayyar ra'ayin cewa wani m robot ne sau da yawa kira kamar haka: "da robot jan kafar."

By definition, da jan kafar shi ne wani na'urar dauke da fitar da motsi a cikin sarari na aiki saman da kuma abubuwa na aiki. Wadannan kayan kunshi iri biyu links. Da farko tabbatar da] orewar samar da motsi. Na biyu - da mai kusurwa hijira. Irin wannan al'ada raka'a ga da motsi amfani da ko dai pneumatic ko na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa (mafi m) drive.

Jan kafar, halitta da misalin tare da hannun ɗan adam ya yi aiki tare da sassa sanye take da technologically m gripper. Daban-daban na'urorin na irin wannan kai tsaye kama sau da yawa dauki inji yatsunsu. Lokacin aiki tare da lebur saman da abubuwa suna kama da inji suckers.

Idan crane yi aiki a lokaci guda tare da da yawa daga cikin wannan irin workpieces, kãmun da aka za'ayi da musamman m zane.

Maimakon na gripper hannu sukan sanye take da hannu waldi kayan, musamman fasaha SPRAY ko kawai sukudireba.

Kamar yadda robot motsa

Atomatik mutummutumi yawanci saba iri biyu motsi a cikin sarari (ko da yake wasu daga cikinsu suna tsit). Ya dogara da takamaiman yanayi na samar. Idan wajibi ne don tabbatar da da m motsi na surface, shi ne gane da directional monorail. Idan kana so ka yi aiki a matakai daban-daban, yi amfani da "mataki" tsarin da pneumatic tsotsa kofuna. Motsi da robot daidai daidaitacce a sarari, da kuma mai kusurwa tsarawa. Littafi na'urorin irin sakawa na'urorin kenan, sun kunshi aiwatar raka'a da kuma damar for high ainihin motsi workpieces la'akari daga 250 zuwa 4000 kg.

zane

A amfani da mai sarrafa kansa inji aka dauke su caccanza masana'antu ya kai ga wani standardization na ainihin gini tubalan. Modern masana'antu robot manipulators da a ta zane:

• wani firam amfani zuwa Dutsen detalezahvatyvayuschego na'urar (gripper), - wani irin "hannunka" a zahiri ya yi aikin aiki.
• grapple tare da jagora (Malkisadik kayyade matsayin "hannayensu" a sarari).
• na na'urar, manyan, tana mayar da yada makamashi a cikin irin karfin juyi a kan aksali (saboda su m masana'antu robot sami wani yunkuri).
• kula da kuma gudanar da tsarin gudanar da shirye-shirye; yarda da sabon shirye-shirye; nazarin bayanai samu daga masu auna sigina, kuma, daidai da, canja wurin shi zuwa ga samar da na'urar.
• da aiki na sakawa tsarin, ji matsayi da ƙungiyoyi na magudi da gatura.

Dawn halittarku da masana'antu mutummutumi

Back a kwanan nan baya kuma tuna da yadda labarin fãra halittar masana'antu atomatik inji. A farko mutummutumi bayyana a cikin Amurka a 1962, da kuma suka yi ta kamfanonin "Yunimeyshn Incorporated" da "Versatran". Ko da yake, ya zama daidai, cewa da tukuna saki wani masana'antu robot "Yunimeyt" halitta ta Amurka m E. Devol, ya jadadda mallaka nasu Sau, programmable amfani ƙulli cards. A wani fili fasaha nasara "smart" inji haddace tsarawa daga your hanya kuma yi aikin a karkashin wannan shirin.

A farko masana'antu robot "Yunimeyt" da aka sanye take da wani biyu-yatsa kama na'urar a kan actuator da "hannu" a kan na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa drive da biyar digiri na 'yanci. Its halaye an yarda su matsa a 12-kilogram, daki-daki tare da daidaito up to 1.25 mm.

Wani robot jan kafar "Versatran" halitta da wannan kamfanin, an ɗora Kwatancen da kuma unloaded a 1200 tubalin awa a kiln. An samu nasarar maye gurbin da aikin mutane a cikin cutarwa ga kiwon lafiya yanayi da wani babban zazzabi. A ra'ayin na halitta ya tabbatar da nasara sosai, da kuma zane - don haka dogara da cewa mutum inji daga cikin iri da kuma ci gaba da yin aiki a cikin mu lokaci. Kuma wannan duk da cewa su raba ya wuce dubban daruruwan hours.

Lura cewa na'ura na ƙarni na farko na masana'antu mutummutumi a darajar zaci 75% da kuma 25% na makanikai lantarki. Readjustment na irin wannan na'urorin ya bukatar lokaci da kuma hanyar downtime. Domin hira gudu su sabon aiki ya shafi musayar na kula da shirin.

Na biyu-ƙarni robotic inji

Shi nan da nan ya bayyana: duk da dukan abũbuwan amfãni daga ƙarni na farko motoci suke ajizai biyayya ... The biyu ƙarni zaci finer iko da masana'antu mutummutumi - Na'urar. A farkon na'urorin da ake bukata domin streamline da yanayin da suka yi aiki. A karshen shã'aninku ne sau da yawa na nuni high ƙarin halin kaka. Sai ya zama da wuyar gaske ga ci gaban da taro samar.

Wani sabon mataki na ci gaba da halin da ci gaban mahara masu auna sigina. Tare da su taimako da robot samu ingancin da ake kira "wayar". Ya fara samun bayanai game da yanayi da kuma, daidai da shi, a zabi mafi kyau hanya na aiki. Alal misali, an samu basira ya dauki bangare kuma don samun a kusa da hani ga shi. Irin wannan mataki wuri daukan godiya ga wani microprocessor sarrafa bayanai samu, to, wanda aka saka a cikin canji na kula da shirye-shirye, shiryar da real mutummutumi.

Nau'in na gyarawa masana'antu ayyukan (waldi, zanen, taron jama'a, iri dabam dabam inji aiki) ne kuma batun karbuwa. Wancan ne, a lokacin da yin kowane daga cikinsu qaddamar da Multi-bambance-bambancen don inganta ingancin kowane irin na sama ayyukansu.

masana'antu manipulators management aka yafi yi da software. Hardware iko ayyuka ne m mini-kwakwalwa PC / 104 ko MicroPC. Mun lura cewa Na'urar iko dogara ne a kan wani multivariate software. Kuma an yanke shawarar a zabi nau'in aikin shirin soma da robot kan bayanai game da yanayi, ya bayyana gane.

A halayyar alama na aiki na biyu ƙarni na robot aka shigar kafin kasancewa na aiki halaye, kowanne daga abin da aka kunna a lokacin da wasu martabobi samu daga waje muhalli.

A tsara ta uku da mutummutumi

tsara ta uku da inji, mutummutumi ne iya da kansa samar da aikin dangane da aiki da kuma yanayi da muhalli. Ba su "yaudara da zanen gado", watau. E. Fentin fasaha ayyuka a wasu embodiments, da waje muhalli. Bã su da ikon gina naka mafi kyau duka algorithm na ta aikin, kuma da sauri aiwatar da shi a aikace. lantarki kudin da irin wannan m robot ne sau goma fi ta sassa na inji.

The latest robot, dauke da riko bayani ta hanyar na'urori masu auna sigina, "sani" ta yaya da kyau da ya yi. Bugu da kari, kayyade kanta gripping karfi (karfi feedback) dangane da fragility daga cikin kayan abubuwa. Wata kila wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa sabon ƙarni na masana'antu mutummutumi na'urar kira fasaha.

Yadda kuka sani, da "kwakwalwa:" na wannan na'urar ne ta tsarin da iko. The mafi alamar rahama ne tsari, da za'ayi bisa ga hanyoyin da wucin gadi m.

Intelligence tambaye wadannan inji kunshe- aikace-aikace, programmable dabaru masu kula, kwaikwaiyo kayan aikin. A yi na masana'antu mutummutumi ne yanar-gizon don samar da ya dace matakin na hulda da tsarin "mutum - inji". Kiyasin aiki na wadannan na'urori a nan gaba ma da kayan aikin raya godiya ga aiwatar da software kwaikwaiyo cewa ba ka damar zabi mafi kyau zaɓuɓɓuka saboda mataki da sanyi na da alaƙa da cibiyar sadarwa.

Duniya ta manyan kamfanonin samar da mutummutumi

Yau, da yin amfani da masana'antu mutummutumi ne da goyan bayan manyan kamfanoni, ciki har da Japan. (Fanuc, Kawasaki, Motoman, OTC Daihen, Panasonic), American (KC Butun-butumi, Triton Manufacturing, Kaman Corporation), Jamusanci (Kuka)

Abin wadannan kamfanoni an san a duniya? A Fanuc kadara - ya fi sauri zuwa ranar, Delta robot M-1iA (irin inji ana amfani a cikin marufi), mafi iko na mutummutumi serial lambobi - M-2000iA, gane worldwide robotic welders ArcMate.

Babu kasa bukatar masana'antu mutummutumi a masana'antu, bayar da Kuka. Wadannan inji yi tare da Jamusanci daidaici machining, waldi, taro, marufi, palletizing, loading.

Har ila yau, m jeri na Japan-American kamfanin Motoman (Yaskawa), aiki a kan American kasuwar: da 175 model na masana'antu mutummutumi, kazalika da fiye da 40 Hadakar mafita. Industrial mutummutumi amfani a Manufacturing a Amurka, mafi yawansu an yi daidai da wannan jagorancin kamfanin a cikin masana'antu.

Mafi yawa daga cikin sauran kamfanoni wakilta mu zauna da alkuki da Manufacturing kunkuntar kewayon musamman kida. Alal misali, Daihen da Panasonic waldi mutummutumi nuna.

Hanyoyin da za a shirya sarrafa kansa samar

Idan muka magana game da kungiyar na sarrafa kansa yi, da wuya line manufa da aka aiwatar a farkon. Duk da haka, shi ne a isasshe high gudun na samar da sake zagayowar na da wani gagarumin drawback - downtime saboda kasawa. A Rotary fasahar da aka kirkiro a matsayin madadin. Lokacin da wani shiri motsa a cikin da'irar samar da workpiece, da kuma line kanta sarrafa kansa (robotic). Inji a cikin wannan hali zai iya kwafi ayyuka da kuma malfunctions yayin da kusan shafe ta. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan yanayin gudun aka rasa. An manufa bambance-bambancen shirya tsari - a matasan na sama biyu. Shi ne ake kira da Rotary-na'ura mai.

Industrial robot matsayin wani kashi na wani m sarrafa kansa samar

Modern "smart" na'urorin sauri reconfigured, sosai m da kuma aiki da kansa na aiki via ta samar, aiki kayan da guraben. Dangane da takamaiman amfani, za su iya aiki a daya shirin, da kuma sãɓãwar launukansa aikinsa, watau. E. Zabi daga wani tsayayyen yawa na so shirye-shirye.

Industrial robot ne a bijiro da batun kafa kashi na m sarrafa kansa samar (misali abbreviations - GAP). A cikin 'yan shekaru, kuma ya hada da:

• tsarin, wanda taimaka zane;
• hadaddun sarrafa kansa iko da fasaha kayan aiki da samar.
• Industrial robot manipulators.
• ta atomatik a guje samar da motocin.
• na'urar dauke da fitar loading / saukewa kuma jeri.
• iko a kan samar da tsari.
• sarrafa kansa samar management.

Read more game da m aikace-aikace na mutummutumi

Real masana'antu aikace-aikace ne m mutummutumi. Iri daban-daban, da kuma samar da su yana kokarin high yi muhimmanci yankunan da masana'antu. A musamman, da yawa na zamani Jamus tattalin arzikin gare ta girma m na aikace-aikace. A abin sassa suna aiki da wadannan "baƙin ƙarfe ma'aikata"? A metalworking suka yi aiki a kusan dukkanin matakai: Jefo, waldi, bisa ƙirƙira, tabbatar da matakin qarshe na quality.

Wasa a matsayin wani reshe tare da matsananci yanayi ga mutum aiki (ma'ana high yanayin zafi da kuma gurbatawa) da aka fi mayar robotized. Farms saka a kan Kuka ko a foundries.

Masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci ma samu daga Kuka kayan aiki domin samar da dalilai. "Abinci mutummutumi" (photo gabatar a cikin labarin), domin mafi yawan bangare maye gurbinsu da mutane a yankunan da yanayi na musamman. Inji kowa a masana'antu da samar da wani microclimate heats cikin dakin da zazzabi ba wucewa 30 digiri Celsius. bakin karfe mutummutumi brilliantly bi da nama da hannu a samar da kiwo kayayyakin, kazalika, ba shakka, suya kuma kunsasshen kayayyakin optimally.

Yana da wuya a overestimate da taimako na irin wannan na'urorin a cikin mota masana'antu ne. Masana sun yarda da cewa mafi iko da kuma m inji yau ne daidai da "Cook ta" mutummutumi. Photos of na'urorin miƙa cikakken kewayon mota taron ayyukan, da ban sha'awa. A wannan yanayin, yana da lokaci zuwa gaske magana game da sarrafa kansa samar.

robobi da aiki, robobi saki, da yi hadaddun dimbin yawa sassa sanya daga daban-daban kayan samar da mutummutumi a samar a gaske cutarwa ga lafiyar dan adam gurbatawa.

Wani muhimmin yanki na aikace-aikace na "Cook ta" raka'a ne itace. Kuma ya bayyana matsayin da na'urorin samar da wasan kwaikwayon na mutum umarni da kuma kafa manyan sikelin-jerin samar a duk matakai - daga primary aiki da kuma yankan to milling, hakowa, nika.

farashin

A halin yanzu, da Rasha, da kuma CIS bukatar kasuwa generated da kamfanonin Kuka kuma Fanuc mutummutumi. Prices su Range daga 25 000 zuwa 800 000 rubles. Wannan m Tsawo bayyana ta da wanzuwar daban-daban model: misali haske-taƙawa (5-15 kg), musamman (musamman matsalar warwarewa), qware (aiki a wani sabon abu yanayi), nauyi-taƙawa motocin (har zuwa 4000 m).

binciken

Ya kamata a gane cewa da yuwuwar amfani da masana'antu mutummutumi ake har yanzu ba da hannu a full. A daidai wannan lokaci da kokarin kwararru, fasahar zamani na da damar gane more kuma mafi tsoro ideas.

Bukatun ga ƙãra yi na tattalin arzikin duniya, da kuma kara da rabo daga ilimi mutum aiki ne da karfi ihisani na ƙara sabon iri da kuma gyare-gyare na masana'antu mutummutumi.