T-15 - torpedo atomic: halaye

By karshen 40-ies na shirin nukiliya a cikin Tarayyar Soviet aka tasowa a wani m kudi. Resources domin wannan aiki taba kaicon. Wannan ya fi mayar saboda abubuwan da suka faru a Japan, birni, inda Amurkawa ragu kawai biyu atomic bama-bamai. Ya kamata sauri, ba ya zama a kan site na Japan.

A shekara ta 1949, na farko da bam da aka gwada ... sa'an nan ya juya daga cewa domin ceto ga m abokin gaba yana da kawai low-gudun Tu-4. Amma shi ya riga ya bayyana a fili cewa wannan, to sa shi mai laushi, ba wani zaɓi. Da fari dai, wadanda jirage ne m, kuma ba zai iya kare kansu da interceptor, wanda ya tsaya a Amurka makamai. Na biyu, ba na so jefa cikin matukan jirgin: bayan da aiki da suka yi da wani zaɓi - don kokarin da bailed kan Mexican ƙasa.

Wannan halin da ake ciki babu daya a cikin jagorancin kasar ne ba farin ciki game da shi. Wurare da dama a binciken da aka kaddamar a filin na isar da motocin, a cikinsa daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa juya T-15. Wannan torpedo, ya faru da ita "aikin" iya kawo dukan gabas Coast na USA.

Me torpedo?

Wannan shi ne saboda cewa a cikin sojojin ruwa na Tarayyar Soviet shi ne mafi submarines. Riga lokacin yakin duniya na II shi ya yi ta nanata tabbatar da cewa ba za su iya karya, ta hanyar zuwa sosai tekun na abokan gaba, kuma shi ne vitally muhimmanci a cikin hali na wani m nukiliya yaki. Ko da Amirkawa kuskure ya yi ta shirya "Dropshot" torpedo T-15 zai zama wani tasiri makami na biya.

Amma yanke shawara - daya, da kuma gane shi ne yafi wuya: most diamita torpedo shambura a kan Soviet submarines - 500 mm da diamita na "dada" na atomic bam - duk daya da rabi mita. Abin da ya yi? A matuƙan yi okin su torpedo bayyanar isasshen size, amma nukiliya masana'antu nace a kan m.

asali developers

Wanda shi ne shugaban aikin T-15? A torpedo aka samarwa Alferovym V. I. Ya dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin halittar farko atomic bam, saboda haka cewa kwarewa da ya yi. Shi ne ya yi nan da nan bayan da gwajin "sayar" da hangen nesa daga cikin matsala, da kuma nace a kan ci gaban da manyan torpedo ta cikin "hydrogen" cajin.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa Navy sanar da irin wannan hukunci ba kafa a duk. Gaskiyar cewa Alferov bai ji dadin shahararsa a cikin jirgin, tun da shi ne ya ke qaddamar da zalunci na Admiral Kuznetsov. Saboda haka akwai wani paradoxical halin da ake ciki a lokacin da jirgin makamai da aka ɓullo na musamman "ƙasa" sojojin.

An yi imani da cewa kai tsaye marubucin na aikin da aka sanannun Academician Sakharov. Super Torpedo T-15 (ikon 100 megatons!) Was da za a yi amfani da hari a kan Amurka gabas Coast. Yana da aka zaci cewa fashewar "Sarkin-torpedoes" taso kalaman da cewa an wanke tafi da dukan kayayyakin da makiya, da kuma ba kawai Coast, amma ko da abin da yake a cikin zurfin ƙasa. Don wannan rana, da torpedo T-15 Sakharov dauke mafi iko na wannan aji na makami, ko da idan soma shi bai taba kai.

kiyasta layout

Rundunar sabon makamai ruwaito kawai a 1953, da kuma ma'aikatan jirgin da kansu farin ciki da shi ba. Gaskiyar cewa submarines cewa sun gudanar da wani da irin wannan torpedo, dukan farko sashe ne ya juya a cikin wata katuwar inji gudu wannan harsashi. Saboda haka, torpedo T-15 - daya kawai a duniya da hali a lokacin da wani raba aji submarines aka tsara don safarar guda dako. Gaskiya, da karshen halaye suna da irin wannan cikakken rufe halin kaka.

A total tsawon na na'ura - fiye da 20 mita. Daga cikin abubuwan, shi na samar da biyu hanci torpedo 533 mm yi nufi ga kare kai. Places a cikin wannan yanayin ne sai kadan cewa a zubar da cikin jirgin za su yi kawai biyu torpedoes (da stock ya ba).

Samarwa bayani dalla-dalla T-15

Saboda haka, abin da ya daban-daban T-15? A torpedo iya buga duk ta monumental size. Its tsawon kasance 23 mita da kuma wani nauyi na har zuwa 40 ton. Kuma a kan nauyin da warhead kanta da hudu ton. All sauran - mai girma baturi, wanda rasa da albarkatun domin gudun kimanin 29 kullin. Yana da aka zaci cewa cruising kewayon iya zama har zuwa 30 kilomita. Menene "cika" na T-15? Torpedo mafi m iya gudanar da a kan jirgin ne kawai a thermonuclear warhead.

A karshen yana bunkasa raba ofishin karkashin kulawa Haritona Yu. B. haifar da za a iya sanya a matsayin lamba fuze kuma ta hanyar telemetry. Na farko wani zaɓi bada shawarar ga waɗannan lokuta, idan a cikin hali na riga guje nukiliya yaki, jirgin ruwan zai gani makiya. A wannan yanayin akwai hadarin cewa torpedo T-15 Sakharov riga ya fita daga cikin torpedo tube, amma submarine kanta a lokacin zai hallaka. Don sarrafa wuta ta amfani da musamman halitta wannan hadaddun "Tantalite".

Lokacin da ka'idar ne kunã sãɓãwa a cikinsa tare da yi

Babban fasaha halaye na torpedo m aka amince a marigayi 1953. By Yuli 1954 an shirya wani na farko na kudirin submarine, a kan jirgin na wanda ya kamata ya zama wani nukiliya torpedo T-15. By ƙarshen shekara ta dube farko misali da shawarar kara watsa takardu don tattaunawa. Kawai to, zã da aikin yi Admiral Kotov, wanda a lokacin shi ne shugaban Navy da Tarayyar Soviet. An sa'an nan ya gabatar a cikin shakka daga cikin hali da kuma sauran manyan shugabanni na sojojin ruwa.

The masana 'karshe

Wadanda kafa wani kwamatin kwararru da, wanda aka kamata a magance da sauran yiwuwa irin wannan aikin. Nan da nan da ya bayyana da cewa Navy bai son jagorancin ba kawai Soviet nukiliya torpedo T-15, amma kuma da halaye na submarines dauke da ya kamata ya tura wannan makami. Masana da gaskiya da nuna cewa kudin da irin wannan makami mai linzami absurdly high, ta m bukatar kula fama shiri, da kuma yin shi tare da irin wannan girma torpedoes zai zama da wuya sosai.

Bugu da kari, da ƙungiya daga submarine kusan juya a cikin wani kunar bakin wake: fashewa da wani cajin damar 100 megatons, shi, tare da submarine zai yi kawai yanyanke, kamar yadda su ne daga cibiyar dã sun yi janye a kalla 100 kilomita.

A sakamakon haka, a karshe muka yanke shawarar cewa Soviet T-15 torpedo - da aikin ne m, kuma shi ne mafi kuxi don ƙirƙirar da wannan makami, wanda za a iya amfani ta hanyar al'ada 533-mm torpedo shambura. A watan Maris na shekarar 1955, duk safiyo da aka jefa a wannan yanki. Aras atomic torpedo T-15 zauna kawai a kan takarda.

Wannan zo domin maye gurbin T-15?

Ta aka maye gurbinsu da wani torpedo T-5. Har ila yau nukiliya, amma ya riga yana da isasshen girma. Duk da haka, da matsaloli developers da shawo kan mai yawa. Alal misali, na dogon lokaci ba na "koyar da" torpedo bai samu kashe su da ake so zurfin. Haka kuma, a lokacin da fitina gudanar da shi hudu daga 15 zai fara kunnawa fis "nasu."

Bugu da ƙari kuma, ga al'ada aiki na warhead, sosai capricious saboda da manyan adadin lantarki da ake bukata da zazzabi a cikin kewayon 5-20 digiri Celsius. Ganin cewa mu submarines sun sau da yawa fiye da Arctic Circle, da bukatun duba sosai nauyi.

Duk da wannan, a watan Afrilu na shekarar 1955 da sabon gwajin warhead torpedoes aka za'ayi a New Duniya. Mun busa shi a cikin kõgi, a zurfin game da 12 mita. Amfani da attenuated cajin, da damar da bai wuce uku kilotons. Ya kamata a lura da cewa warhead, wanda aka sanye take da "cobalt" torpedo T-15, bai taba dandana a real yanayi. Wannan shi ne m: da ikon "samfurin B", shi ne "gruel", ba ya wuce 60 megatons. Gwaji cajin sau biyu a matsayin mai iko kamar yadda injiniyoyi da kuma soja kawai bai yi kuskure.

Ba zato ba tsammani, a cikin ba haka nĩsa ya wuce, kasar mu an bunkasa sabon ICBM tushen roka "proton", abin da ya kamata wuce ikon da aka ... 150 megatons. Amma ko da wannan aikin bai wuce a kan zane saboda ta matuƙar ƙarfi. Har yanzu, babu wanda zai iya tabbatar da ko ƙaryatãwa game da yiwuwar wani uncontrolled sarkar na thermonuclear halayen lokacin da ya gwada makami na irin wannan iko.

jihar gwaje-gwaje

Jihar gwaje-gwaje na T-15 gaje ya fara a shekara ta 1957. Bisa ga shirin, an shirya matakai uku: daya harbi "guraben da kalmomin", da kuma na biyu - cikakken fledged fama torpedo, amma ba tare da makaman nukiliya shaƙewa, na uku - a real haifar da T-5 tare da wani makaman nukiliya warhead.

All matakai sun samu nasara, amma ya nuna da matsaloli da yawa, ciki har da wani dako karkacewa daga hanya, kazalika da wasu matsaloli a kula da tsarin. Duk da wannan, duk korau al'amurran ne m, zuwa gina makaman nukiliya torpedoes shirin karshe ƙare nasara.

Karshen labarin

Da makamansu dauka a shekarar 1958. Fito da su da iyaka edition a birnin Alma-Ata. Amma riga a 1960 da samar aka gaba daya phased fita. Akwai dalilai da yawa. Da fari dai, "runaway" bunƙasa (shekaru biyar) ba zai iya shafar tuki yi cewa sun muhimmanci ƙananan fiye da fiye da wadanda torpedoes, wanda sun riga a sabis. Abu na biyu, shi ne a shekarar 1960, dakarun fara samun musamman serial 533-mm torpedo, wanda zai iya amfani da makaman nukiliya warhead. Shi ne saboda wannan ci gaba na musamman makaman da irin wannan da aka phased fita.

A wannan yanayin, da T-15 torpedo, da halaye na wanda muka bayyana, kazalika da T-5, ya ba da Soviet kimiyya da yawa muhimmanci da bayanai da cewa an kai a kai amfani a cikin halittar musamman ammonium.