Table "Groups kwari" (title, description, halaye)

Kwari ne a aji na arthropod kwaro. Kamar yadda na yanzu rarrabuwa a yau, su, tare da centipedes, suna kunshe a cikin subtype traheynodyshaschih. Class sunan zo daga kalmar "bulala". Tare da Faransa "insecte" da kuma Latin "insectum" ra'ayi ne a zahiri fassara a matsayin "dabba tare da notches." Ka yi la'akari da wadannan fauna a more daki-daki. tebur "kwari umarni" za a gabatar a karshen cikin labarin.

Overview

Kwaro jiki ne ba chitinous cuticle. Yana Forms ekoskelet. kwaro tsari ne quite sauki. Yana yana da uku sassan: kai, ciki da kuma kirji. Idan akai la'akari da tsarin da kwari, akwai uku nau'i-nau'i daga kafafu. Suna haɗe da nono sashen. A da yawa kungiyoyin, na biyu da na uku segments yake da alaka da wata biyu da fuka-fuki. Jikin size jeri daga 0.2 mm to 30 cm kuma mafi.

rai sake zagayowar

Yana hada da tayi ci gaban kwari. Shi ne ake kira da "lokaci na kwai." Har ila yau asirce postnatal lokaci. Ya aka tare da wani metamorphosis. Shi ne na biyu iri iri. Dangane da a saki wannan tsari na kwari da bai cika metamorphosis. Su bulan na qwai, larvae da kuma manya. Complete metamorphosis halin da hudu, saukarwa. A wannan yanayin, ci gaban kwari hada lokaci qwai, larvae, pupae kuma girma. A farko da larvae ne irin wannan a cikin bayyanar to manya. Bambanci tsakanin su biyu shi ne girman jiki, tayi jihar, ko da cikakken rashi na fuka-fuki da genitalia. Larvae dabbobi jurewa hudu bulan ne vermiform siffar. Kawai a adult mutane bayyana duk dole fasali na detachment. A adult mataki magance faruwa da haifuwa. A ajin na kwari da dama na dabba. A total fiye da miliyan aka bayyana nau'in. Su suna dauke da mafi yawa kungiyar dabbobi a cikin yanayi da kuma zauna daban-daban muhalli zones. Aka sãme su a ko'ina, ko da a Antarctica.

metamorphosis

Mafiya yawa na kwari da cikakken metamorphosis sabon ci gaba ke ta hudu bulan. Duk da haka, a cikin yanayi akwai ban. Alal misali, a abin da ake kira batu Meloidae hypermetamorphosis. Ya nuna biyar, shida ko fiye bulan. Suna wakilta a matsayin na musamman (karin) larval, saukarwa. Kowane irin wannan mataki da aka kira triungulin. Wani togiya ne dauke neoteny. Wannan kalma tana nufin da ikon isa mafi ƙarfinsa, kuma ya mayar da a larval mataki. A wannan yanayin, da mãtã kada ka wuce a lokaci daya matakai biyu: da pupae da kuma manya. Amma ga maza, za su iya ci gaba a kan al'ada sake zagayowar.

Order na kwari da bai cika metamorphosis

Mafi yawan waɗannan dabbobi salon larvae da manya da yawa a cikin na kowa. A farko wakilci quite bambancin siffofin. Masana sun hada su cikin biyu main kungiyoyin. A farko kunshi larvae, kama da manya, a karo na biyu, bi da bi, su ne daban-daban daga gare su. Da farko ya kira Nymphs, kuma na karshe - gaskiya. The larvae iya zama kama da manya na biyu nazarin halittu da kuma morphological sharuddan. Sun yawanci rayuwa a cikin wannan yanayi, irin wannan ci. A gaskiya larvae suna alama ta kaifi bambance-bambance a bayyanar da imago, yanki na rarraba, abinci. Sai suka kasance ya fara tasawa, dole ne ya sha da pupa mataki. Ga wasu nau'in halayyar da ake kira karewa - subimago. Yana kullum daukan wuri a cikin ci gaban da na cikin ruwa dabbobi. Mutane a wannan mataki da ãyõyin adult, jima'i balagagge amma ba su kai.

Biology: kwaro kungiyoyin. kyankyaso

A hankula wakilin wani ja kyankyaso. An yi imani da cewa bayyanar wadannan kwari a cikin gidan ta nuna rashin kula masu. Wadannan dabbobi zo daga boye da dare. Su main abinci kayayyakin suna da kyau adana. A cikin mace kyankyaso a karshen ciki akwai ootheca - abin da ake kira kwai jakar. Sun jefa shi a cikin shara. Ootheca na tasowa qwai, wanda, bi da bi, da larvae bayyana. Suna bambanta da farin launi da kuma masu kama da manya. Sa'an nan, suka yi duhu.

tururuwan

Table "Groups na kwari" characterizes wadannan dabbobi a matsayin jama'a. Suna zaune a manya-manyan iyalansu. A fasalin da tururuwan a cikin ni'imar aiki. A iyalan akwai maza, ma'aikata, da sojoji, da "sarauniya" (mace). Tururuwan (kwaro gida) zai iya isa m masu girma dabam. Alal misali, a Afirka ta Savannah iya saduwa da giant sheƙarsu 10-12 m. Wannan karkashin kasa rabo iya isa diamita na 60 m. Babban samfurin ne itace gara ciyar. Sun lalata katako Tsarin, amfanin gona. A halin yanzu, ya bayyana domin 2.5 dubu. Tururuwai suka gina.

kwarkwata

A wannan tawagar hada wingless parasites. Wadannan dabbobi ne parasitic a kan dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma mutum. The shugaban ƙwarƙwata rãyukansu, a cikin gashi kuma glues su nits (qwai don haka ya kira shi). Alkukai kwari rayuwa a cikin folds na tufafi. Su qwai da suka sa kai tsaye a kan masana'anta. Kunno kai daga wadannan larvae ba su bambanta ba a cikin bayyanar daga manya. Mãtan kwarkwata suna dauke da wani sosai salon. Cikin watan da za su iya bayar da zurriyar lambobi da dama da ɗari kwari. Kamar yadda na waje parasites, kwarkwata mallaka a yawan fasali. Alal misali, a kan kafafu prehensile fika ne ba, ba su da fuka-fuki, domin ba su bukatar su. Mouthparts sokin-tsotsa kwarkwata. Wadannan dabbobi ne dako na cututtuka daban-daban. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne typhus.

bedbugs

Table "Groups na kwari" ya hada da a wannan category wani iri-iri na amfanin gona da kwari. Daya da aka sani dauke chinch. Ya tsotsa abinda ke ciki na hatsi da hatsi da tsire-tsire. A wani zama yankin za a iya samu kwaro-bloshitsu. Wannan kwaro Halicci yawa rashin jin daɗi da mutumin. A sabo ruwa sanaki a bedbug-kandami skater. Yana ciyarwa a kan kwari da cewa fada cikin ruwa. Akwai daga cikin kwari da yara, kamar kwaro-Gladun. Ya kai hari kifi soya da kuma daban-daban kwaro. All membobin wannan kungiya na kwari kira Hemiptera.

sauran Categories

Homoptera kwari fi son a ciyar a kan shuka juices. A wannan rukuni, misali, hada da aphids. Yana wanzu a cikin yanayi a da yawa daban-daban, kuma Yanã gagarumin lalacewar amfanin gona. Homoptera kwari suna dauke su dako na kwayar cututtuka cutarwa ga shuke-shuke. Alal misali, daga gare su akwai daban-daban cicadas, wanda zai iya isa manyan size (har zuwa 5-6 cm). A detachment na Orthoptera hada yawanci herbivorous kwari. Duk da haka, yana yiwuwa su hadu, daga gare su, kuma da yara. Alal misali, shi ne isa sani wakilan kamar kapustyanka, fari. The tawagar hada Orthoptera da kuma fara. Ya yi kawaici a cikin ciyawa, a cikin matakan da fadamun. Ya clubbed, dogon ovipositor. Kapustyanka kyau iyon da kwari, an digging ƙafafunsa. Yana sa mai girma lalacewar cikin karkashin kasa sassan shuke-shuke da girma a cikin lambu (cucumbers, dankali, karas, kabeji da sauransu.). Ga wasu iri fara ayan taro haifuwa. A irin haka ne, suna tattaruwa a da manya manyan garkuna tashi a tsawon nisa (har zuwa dama dubu kilomita). A daidai wannan lokaci a hanya, suka hallaka dukan amfanin gona shuke-shuke. A kakarsa tawagar hada da predatory kwari. Sunayensu ne quite ban sha'awa. Alal misali, a kaka-rocker-Dozorets kaka da sauransu. Su suna dauke da mafi kyau flyers. Su ne sosai maneuverable. Iya rataya a cikin iska, ya nuna kwarai motsi ci gaba high (har zuwa 100 km / h) gudun. Su ganima suka kai farmaki dama a cikin jirgin.

kwari

Yana Coleoptera. Su suna dauke su mafi yawa daga dukkan al'umma. Adadin su ya kai 300 dubu. Species. A beetles ake samu a cikin da dama na mahalli ruwa tare da duniya. Girma na jiki ya bambanta, daga 0.3 zuwa 155 mm. Mutane da yawa beetles kwari sa babban cutar da amfanin gona. The duniya shahara, kamar Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro. Ya aka kawo Rasha daga Amirka. Kuzka irin ƙwaro lalacewar amfanin gona. Gwoza weevil diyya da sukari gwoza. The larvae na May irin ƙwaro lalacewar dankalin turawa, tubers kuma itace tushen sa. An sani kamar yadda woodworm. Ya grinds a Bast zaruruwa da ɓawon burodi motsa, lalacewar m nau'in. Mutane da yawa mambobi ne na tsari cũta abinci kayayyaki. Alal misali, irin wannan ne fis weevil, irin ƙwaro kafet irin ƙwaro, hatsi irin ƙwaro grindstone. A detachment ma ba weevils. A cikin bazara na wannan musamman irin ƙwaro Hanyar cuts da takardar zuwa babban jannayẽnsa. Sashe na daga cikin farantin fades da kuma hasarar da elasticity. Irin ƙwaro shi dai kuma kayansa mãsu qwai a can. Saboda haka sai ya rika kula da zurriyarsu. Mahalarci tãre da beetles da kuma amfani kwari. Sunayen irin nau'in ciki. Alal misali, beetles da grobariki gnoeviki. Mutane da yawa mutane suna da kyau sosai, a bayyanar, kuma zai iya kai m masu girma dabam. Irin wannan, alal misali, suna dauke stag irin ƙwaro da stag, wanda aka rubuta a cikin Red Littãfi.

malam

Su lepidopteran kwari. Wadannan dabbobi da yawan rarrabe fasali. Daya daga cikin manyan masu yada daban-daban launuka na fuka-fuki. The kungiyar kunshi: kabeji, urticaria, silkworm da sauransu. A Far East za a iya samu manyan isa wakilan da oda. Yawanci, wannan kwari ne. wingspan ya kai fadin kumbura littafin rubutu. Da Sikeli a kan su surface ne iya refraction haske. A sakamakon haka, ya zama iridescent canza launi. Butterfly larvae ake kira caterpillars. Suna bambanta da dogon jiki da kuma da biting na'ura. A salivary gland asirce siliki thread. Na su kafin pupation trailing cocoons. Manya suna dauke su m hure na shuke-shuke. Mafi yawa daga cikin caterpillars ciyar a kan ganye. A wannan hanya da suka yi babba lalacewar al'adu plantations. Manyan parasites, misali, dauke da apple asu, kabeji fari malam, ringed dispar, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, da dai sauransu Wasu caterpillars lalacewar abinci ganimar gari. Oak kuma bred silkworms, don samar da siliki.

Group of daban-daban iri iri

Hymenoptera - a kudan zuma, mahaya, wasps, ƙudan zuma, sawflies, da sauransu. Duk wadannan dabbobi ne daban-daban hanyar rayuwa. Wasu wakilan ne herbivorous. Su larvae sa babba lalacewar hatsi da sauran shuke-shuke. Wadannan su ne misali, burodi da kuma Pine sawflies. Su larvae duba sosai kama da larvae na malam. A wannan batun, su sukan kira ƙarya caterpillars. Sawflies da sosai musamman ovipositor. An tsara don yankan a shuka kyallen takarda Aljihuna cikin abin da na mace folded qwai.

bumblebees

Su ne sosai kyau hure. Wadannan suna dauke su social Hymenoptera. Iyalansu sun akwai kawai ga wanda bazara. Su yi sheƙarsu suka tsara a cikin hollows, sheƙarsu, birdhouse. Yi ya kasance mace. Yana equips kakin zuma Kwayoyin ga kwanciya qwai. A kowane daga cikinsu saka jari na abinci - pollen, gauraye da zuma. Hatched larvae abinci a kan stock, bayan 2-3 makonni na fara zuwa saƙa cocoons da kuma zama pupae. Sun yi aiki ƙudan zuma, da maza da mãtã. By karshen kakar wasa ta bana a babban gida na iya zama har zuwa 500 mutane. By fall na tsohon sarauniya, da ma'aikata da kuma namiji ƙudan zuma mutu. Sun mãtã suke boye domin hunturu.

ƙudan zuma

Sun kawo mafi girma amfanin dukkan zamantakewa Hymenoptera. Honeybees suna dauke da kyau kwarai hure. Sun nuna matukar amfani ga ɗan adam abinci: zuma, sarauta jelly, beeswax, propolis. Suna amfani da abinci, da suka bukaci cosmetology, magani da kuma a cikin yi da kayan shafawa, Paints, varnishes, da sauransu. A cikin kudan zuma iyali duk mambobi ana aiki kafada da kafada da juna. Shi ba zai yiwu ba tare da irin ci gaba da kuma drones a mahaifa, aiki mutane.

sauro

Wannan biyu-winged kwari. Rarrabe tsakanin talakawa da kuma zazzabin cizon sauro sauro. Su bayãnin hukuncin halayyar ne gaban daya biyu daga m fuka-fuki. Na biyu biyu ya zama "halters". Mazauninsu sauki sauro - danye, moorland. Musamman da yawa da suka zama da tsakiyar lokacin rani. Yana sanye take da sokin mouthparts proboscis. Tare da shi, suka soki fata da kuma tsotse jini. Sauro larvae ne wormlike siffar. Suna zaune a m ruwa. Akwai su bullo, ci, a hankali juya cikin wani pupae. Su, bi da bi, kuma ya kasance a cikin m ruwa. Duk da haka, domin ba za su iya ci, suka zai zama manya. Talakawa da zazzabin cizon sauro sauro daban-daban dasa. A farko rike jiki a layi daya zuwa surface a kan wanda shi zaune. Anopheles high dage sama da raya.

ƙudaje

Shi ne kuma wani biyu-winged kwari. Su, sabanin sauro, short antennae. Su larvae ne fari, yawanci headless da legless. Bã su da wani wormlike siffar. Housefly larvae live da girma a cikin datti, taki tara, da kitchen datti. Ga mace kayansa mãsu qwai. The larvae kafin pupation ja jiki daga cikin sharar gida ya shiga cikin gona, wanda ya canza kama zuwa pupae. A manya tashi a kusa da kuma nemi abinci. Daga cesspools suka tashi a kan abinci, dauke da hatsari germs, kuma pathogens gastrointestinal cututtuka.

sauran kungiyoyin

Wanzu a yanayi lacewing kwari. Shi ne gwada da kananan in lambobin kungiyar. Yana yana game 6 da dubu. Species. Irin wannan kwari elongated jiki da taushi inuwõyi. Su launi ne da launin ruwan kasa, ko kodadde kore. Nau'i biyu daga fuka-fuki rufe jijiyoyinmu net. Wannan kungiyar hada da wakilan kamar tururuwa zakoki, lacewings, mantipsy. Mafi yawa daga lacewing - da yara. Su na farko ya bayyana a cikin Permian lokaci. The m samuwar na kungiyar ya faru a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ma'aunan kasa da yanayin canje-canje a cikin Mesozoic. Kwaro mazari ne dauke da kyau flier. Wadannan dabbobi suna da gwada da manyan Kwayoyin. Su kai shi ne m, ta idanu ne manyan. Kwaro mazari zaune da farko a cikin tropics da subtropics rigar. A Rasha, shi yada kusan dukan ƙasa (sai dai ga m yankunan).

makirci

Gabatar a kasa tebur "umarni na kwari," a takaice ya bayyana da siffofin wasu daga cikin dabbobi da aka ambata a sama.

Maƙiyan makiya

Wadannan su ne daban-daban microorganisms, predatory da parasitic invertebrates. Inseks kuma suna cin abinci a kan ƙwayoyi masu yawa. Abokan makiya (entomophages) zasu iya hallaka su a kowane lokaci na girma. A yau akwai microorganisms da ke aiki a matsayin daban-daban pathogens don hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, cututtuka na kwayan cuta na kwari.

A halin yanzu, fiye da nau'o'in fungi 400 na iya haifar da waɗannan ko wasu pathologies. Mafi yawan kungiyoyi na magunguna na kwari suna tsutsotsi ne wanda ke haifar da cututtuka nematode. Daga cikin wadanda ba su da kullun neman farauta ga dabbobin da suke tambaya, ya kamata a lura da hanyoyi (kunamai, gizo-gizo, gyaran fuska, alamomi, da dai sauransu), millipedes. Daga cikin tsire-tsire, hatsarin da ke tattare da nau'in nau'i na kifaye, masu amphibians. Alal misali, cin abinci na frogs shine 95% na kwari. Hakanan tsuntsaye ma tsuntsaye ne, dabbobi masu rarrafe, dabbobi masu rarrafe. Musamman magunguna, tubercles, anteaters da sauransu suna da haɗari ga kwari. A cikin waɗannan rukuni akwai dukkanin al'ummomin da ke kula da wadannan dabbobi. Yawan kwari a duniya yana kai kashi 90 cikin dari na abubuwa masu rai. Ra'ayin su a cikin yanayi yana da mahimmanci. Bisa ga kwayoyin halitta, ƙwayoyi masu cin nama suna sau da yawa fiye da sauran dabbobin phytophago. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa suna cinye yawan girman shuka. Anyi la'akari da ƙwayoyin kwari da tsire-tsire masu tsinkaye na al'ada na irin wadannan kwayoyin da suke aiki a matsayin babban abinci. Su kansu su ne abinci ga ƙwayoyin da yawa da invertebrates.