Tamanin da fata ga jikin mutum

Fata ne mafi rikitarwa, kuma mafi voluminous jikin mutum. Our ikon rayuwa shi taka muhimmiyar rawa, amma domin jiki ne babban tsarin kashi. Kare, da tsare da zafi da kuma ruwa balance, tana goyon baya da rayuwa a cikin yanayi a wadda wani mutum ya rataya. Kuma, ba shakka, ba kawai darajar da fata ga jiki. Yana yana da yawa ayyuka, wanda wajibi ne a fahimci daki-daki. Wannan na bukatar da a review na asali tsarin da fata da kuma ta salula abun da ke ciki da kuma aiki sunadaran.

Basic bayyani na ayyuka na fata

Daga cikin da yawa ayyuka na jiki, da yawa za a iya samunsa tare da fata. Lokacin da kyan gani, daga phylogenetic ra'ayi, da bayyane ƙarshe shi ne cewa an halicce ga ruwa tanadi a cikin jiki. Yana cewa wajibi ne da kwayoyin karkashin mulkin mallakar ƙasar. Kuma a cikin phylogeny na fata ya bayyana da yawa daga baya fiye da Sikeli da makamai, ƙwarai ƙwarai su da sassauci ga daidaita da yanayi, amma har yanzu yin asali ayyuka. Daga cikin su:

• tsari na yanayin jiki.

• m (shãmaki).

• Gudãnar (da hannu a ruwa da kuma electrolyte musayar).

• a] en (jini hidima a matsayin wani wuri na ajiya).

• rayuwa da kuma endocrine.

• tsoka mai amsa sigina.

• rigakafi.

• excretory.

Aka ambata a sama su ne siffofin da muhimmanci sosai, saboda yana goyon bayan aiki na sashin jiki tsarin. Kuma wannan shi ne fata ga jiki: shi ne alhakin hulda da yanayi, amma a lokaci guda kare shi daga cutarwa effects. Yana daukan ruwa daga cikin jiki, amma kuma "zaune a yanki" domin ta zafin jiki zuwa ba cire fiye da suka kamata. A wasu kwayoyin, da fata ne ma hannu a gas musayar, wasa da muhimmancin ƙarin haske. A cikin mutane, wannan aiki - saboda da hadaddun tsarin da numfashi tsarin - aka rasa.

Tsarin fasali na fata

The ilimi hadaddun "Mun kuma duniya" a cikin "tamanin da fata ga jiki" (Grade 4) samar da bayanai game da tsarinta. Materials for wannan tutorial da aka dauka daga littattafan a kan histology da Physiology na fata. Sun bayar da karin cikakken bayani game da tsarin da m jiki cover daga cikin sel da hannu a cikin samuwar, da kuma yadda suka aiki.

A ilimin halittar jiki na fata kunshi uku yadudduka: da epidermis (babba Layer), da dermis (papillary Layer da reticular) da kuma m nama. A karshen ne mafi warai. Wadannan uku yadudduka da kuma siffar mu murfin. A subcutaneous nama tasowa adipose nama, na rayuwa aiki ya yi aikin.

A dermis shirya jam fata yanki, jini da jijiya endings (rabe). A karshen ne iya gane jiki halaye na yanayi tare da wanda lamba. Har ila yau, dake a cikin dermis karshen rabo daga cikin sunadarin gumi da kuma gashi sanye take da wani jakar na mai.

Epidermis - shi ne kalla aiki part, saboda shi kawai ya aikata m aiki. Duk da haka, fata ne mai girma ga jiki, da kuma saboda shi, saboda ba tare da kariya daga jikin mutum nan take a fallasa al'amurra da dama, ciki har da jiki, nazarin halittu da kuma sinadaran dalilai. Ko wani sauki zazzabi, ko kuma wajen da oscillation a cikin kewayon 10 digiri zai halaka mu, idan ba don kasancewar wani Multi-Layer na epidermis.

Da muhimmancin da fata a thermoregulation

Babban darajar da fata a kan aiwatar thermoregulation wuya kalubale. An wannan jiki yana thermoreceptors ta hanyar abin da za su iya sanin ko m yanayi zazzabi. Bisa ga wannan bayani, da tsari tsari ya auku a yanayin jiki. A yanayi inda jiki matsakaici sigogi wuce, jiki ya hada da matakai sweating da kuma fata jijiyoyin bugun gini fadada madauki. Saboda wannan, shi ne sanyaya, da kuma wanzuwar irin wannan yanayi zama mafi dadi.

A yanayi inda jiki zafin jiki ne da ke ƙasa ma'anar da fata, hawan keke sanyi rabe. Su ne kamar 5-6 sau fi zafi rabe. Sa'an nan aiwatar farawa rage zafi canja wuri ta hanyar kunkuntar tasoshin da kuma rage fata surface (Goose jiki). Bugu da kari, tafiyar matakai an inganta sia narkewa a cikin nama da damar samar da wasu daga cikin zãfi ji dimi jiki da kuma kula da rayuwar goyon baya.

m aiki

Duk da haka, thermoregulation - wannan ba kawai muhimmanci ga fata na jikin mutum. Daidai da muhimmanci shi ne kariya ba kawai a kan zafi da sanyi, amma kuma a kan wasu dalilai da sunadarai, jiki da kuma nazarin halittu yanayi. Babban rawa a cikin shamaki (m) aikin nasa ne da epidermis. Its lipophilic tsarin takaita percutaneous bayarwa na abubuwa, m to narke a cikin ruwa.

Har ila yau, wani Layer na epidermal Kwayoyin kare daga inji dalilai - crushing, sokin, sabon. A epidermis ne da yawa wuya fiye da dermis da kuma kitse, sabili da haka kowane daga cikin wadannan effects zai kai ga tsanani lalacewa, ba ko da Layer a kan surface.

Daidai da muhimmanci shi ne kariya da ionizing radiation, a kalla a cikin dogon-kalaman matsakaici da kuma low mita. A musamman, da fata mai kyau kariya daga hasken ultraviolet sune, amma ba zai iya kare jiki daga gamma-ray kamfani mai suna Quanta. Ba abin mamaki ba ne, tun da karshen ne iya shiga ta hanyar da kankare ganuwar. Amma ko da a gaban kariya da neutron radiation daga alpha barbashi kuma ultraviolet radiation daga muhimmanci prolongs da rayuwar mutum.

Kuma saboda ba kawai jiki dalilai iya kashe jikin mu, dole ne su samar da kariya da nazarin halittu tsõkana. Su saprophytic ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtuka fungi da protists. Na dukkan su ta hanyar fata iya shiga da kuma kafa mulkin mallaka ta kauri kawai fungi. Kuma kawai saboda su mycelium rassan da a cikin sarari tsakanin epidermal Sikeli, lingering a gare su. Amma kwayoyin da ƙwayoyin cuta epidermis da tabbaci Kare jiki da kuma fata ne mai muhimmanci ga jikin mutum a takaice ya bayyana duk matakai na karbuwa ga muhalli dalilai.

Ruwa kuma electrolyte tsari

Great fata ne mai muhimmanci ga jiki, kuma a cikin tsari na ruwa da kuma electrolyte balance. Abin da aka samu da kadaici da sodium, da ruwa da chloride ions a gumi. Har ila yau, tare da wannan ruwa da aka cire da kuma wasu guba abubuwa na wani acidic yanayi. Wannan halitta ban sha'awa yiwuwa ga jiki, wanda aka sanyaya ta da kansa ruwa.

The jiki yanayin da danshin tsari kamar haka: na farko ta hanyar gumi gland shine yake ruwa excreted. Tun da fata gumi evaporates, game da shi sanyaya shi. A wannan danshin sa wani asarar sanadin motsi makamashi na ruwa kwayoyin. A sakamakon haka, fata zafin jiki ne dan kadan rage. Af, da nazarin halittu tsari ba tasiri don sanyaya jiki a yanayi inda kewaye zafi yanayi (misali a cikin wanka).

Depositing jini aiki

A dermis ne daya daga cikin mafi m da hadaddun jijiyoyin bugun gini networks. A wannan yanayin, akwai kawai uku: biyu arteries da daya venous. Bugu da ƙari, cikin fata ne mai fadi da capillaries a cikin abin da jini za a iya kama a tarko. Wannan ba ka damar adana wasu daga shi domin danniya a physiological dauki don saki da kuma komawa zuwa cikin jini domin gas musayar.

Just kayayyakin fata iya lokaci guda tara har zuwa 15% na jimlar jini girma, wanda aka kullum canja domin su hana sludge da thrombus samuwar. Da zarar zo humoral alama cewa arterioles na jiki kana so ka fadada da kuma kafa shi a tashin saboda na sama-dokin danniya, da jini daga capillaries baya cikin tsari dabam dabam. The jiki a sakamakon wannan zai ƙara zuwa jimiri da kuma iko. Kuma kamar yadda sau da yawa ceton rayuka a taron na hadari, da darajar da fata ga jikin mutum a wannan batun kawai babban.

Endocrine da kuma na rayuwa aiki

Subcutaneous mai - mai ajiya sashin jiki. Last cinye ƙwauro, don samar madadin ikon bukatun. Shi ne domin mai nama yana dauka da jiki a karshe bi da bi, don haka ya yi rashin nauyi haka da wuya. Yanzu, duk da haka, yana da muhimmanci ga 'yan Adam fata - ba babban abu. Fiye da muhimmanci endocrine aiki, wato tsari na yunwa, kuma satiety.

Adipose nama ne subcutaneous nama iko gland shine yake iya sakewa abubuwa da tsara satiety. Kuma da ji yunwa, "ya ce" matakin glucose a cikin jini. Da zarar shi da dama, akwai wani yunwa. Kamar yadda jikewa shi aka hana ta ba ji ba gani daga adipose nama, wanda "gaya" cewa abinci ya kamata ba za a cinye more.

Tsoka mai amsa sigina aiki na fata

Tattauna da topic "The darajar da fata ga jiki" (4th sa makaranta nazarin shi), ba shi yiwuwa a yi watsi da tsoka mai amsa sigina aiki. Yana - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci, domin ba ka damar samun bayanai game da yanayi. Fata ta rabe kayyade yawan zafin jiki na matsakaici, da yawa daga wasu abubuwa, da zafi, da farfajiya irin zane da sauran morphological sigogi.

Ko zafi rabe located a cikin fata da kare mu daga samun babbar lalacewa. Kuma cewa zafi ne "Juma'a" da lafiyar dan adam.

Excretory aiki na fata

A fata saboda gaban sunadarin gumi ne iya excrete rayuwa kayayyakin. Matsayin mai mulkin, wannan high kwayoyin nauyi lipophilic abubuwa ko hydrophilic kananan kwayoyin da wani acid dauki. A farko ne sunadaran da fats cewa ana buƙatar ga zalunta da gashi, a cikin kwan fitila wadda ya buɗe bututu sebaceous gland.

Na biyu abu (low kwayoyin nauyi) fada a nan kai tsaye daga jini da ake located a kan surface daga bãya. Abin lura shi ne cewa excretory aiki na fata ne a fili wata cuta kamar gout. Tare da ci gaban da jini da aka muhimmanci ƙara adadin uric acid, wanda shi ne fitarwa daga baya ta hanyar fata a cikin nau'i na lu'ulu'u ne.

Wani misali shi ne rashin alheri bai cika ba. An hade da wani ƙoƙari tukar tumbi da bile acid a cikin hanta parenchymal raunuka. Amma har yanzu, wannan fata ne musamman bayar da muhimmanci ga rayuwar da kwayoyin, domin yana taimaka ga tsara da musayar mai guba da kuma abubuwa masu haɗari. Kuma wannan shi ne daya daga cikin rai goyon bayan sunadaran.

rigakafi aiki

Amince da muhimmanci ga fata na jikin mutum. Pictures SHAFI a haɗe a matsayin misali abu nuna abin da mu hadaddun tsarin yana da wani m murfin. Yana da wuya a kwatanta, amma akwai ma faruwa rigakafi martani da cewa suna da muhimmanci ga kariya na dukan jiki. Kuma ba kare da waje makiya da kuma dalilai, daga pathogens samu a cikin ciki yanayi. Kuma wannan aiki da aka aiwatar ta wajen neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages da lymphocytes.

Har ila yau ba a cikin fata Langerhans Kwayoyin da basophils. Sun tsara da gida m rigakafi martani kuma suna da hannu a antigen gabatar jini Kwayoyin. Abin lura shi ne cewa rigakafi aiki na fata ne sulhu tsakani da wani muhimmanci inji cewa ya kamata a daukarsa a matsayin rayuwa. Our m sutura aka shafin na kira ne da muhimmanci ga ci gaban da rigakafi da kuma tsarin da mutum kwarangwal provitamin D.

A nan gaba, shi zai zama mataki na jiyya na koda da zai yi ta aiki. Duk da haka, wurin na da samuwar ne fata. A nan, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ultraviolet da haske, a kananan adadin fata ne har yanzu hankali ya wuce ta kansa, da aka haife wannan abu. Kuma da muhimmancin ga ci gaban da babbar kwarangwal. A rawa ga fata na dukan jiki ko mafi girma.