Tar - abin da shi ne. Abun da ke ciki da kuma Aikace-aikacen

Don ƙirƙirar quality ne kuma abin dogara hanya surface akwai daban-daban a cikin abun da ke ciki da kuma kaddarorin kayan. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne kwalta. Menene wannan abu, abin da kaddarorin shi ya mallaka da kuma inda zartar, da shi da aka sosai da aka sani da fari magina da kuma hanya ma'aikata. Mutane daga cikin mazan zamani, wanda ya girma har a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, za su tuna da abin da ya su fara abin taunawa - kwalta. Azahiri resinous abu da aka kafa ta post aiki mai ciwon danko sosai tsarin da kuma bayyana ta baki. Amfanin ƙasa sludge ne daga 8 zuwa 45 bisa dari daga nauyi na man fetur.

Tar - abin da yake da shi

Dalili na wannan abu ne mai kayayyakin, don haka da abun da ke ciki na kwalta ne sosai kama da man kasarun adadi. Su ne m aka gyara:

- Petroleum guduro kunshi hydrocarbons da hadaddun abun da ke ciki da kuma imparting kwalta danko da kuma stringiness.

- Kwalta - daskararru cewa kara da thermal kwanciyar hankali.

- Kwalta acid da kuma su anhydrides ciwon resinous daidaito da kuma related polinaftenovym acid.

- Har ila yau, m bangaren shi ne wani babban kwalta abun ciki na karfe impurities ba a cikin mai.

Properties kwalta

Sun dogara ne yafi a kan kaddarorin da mai, kazalika da fasahar amfani a cikin aiki. Nature man fetur kasarun adadi ya shafa da kuma wasu halaye na sludge, kamar yawa, narkewa batu da kuma flash coking. A mafi kwalta samu daga nauyi da kuma man guduro ne game 8% na da nauyi.

A amfani da kwalta

A daban-daban rassan amfani sludge. Wannan shi ne wani muhimmin bangaren da samar da hanya, da kuma yi bitumen, da aka sani, watakila, kome. Amma a Bugu da kari, kwalta ake bukata da kuma yi na mota man fetur, man man fetur da kuma combustible gas. A yi da kuma roba masana'antu da shi da ake amfani da matsayin emollient. Tar da wani babban abun ciki na resins za a iya sarrafa a cikin man dizal ta amfani da hanyar na hydrogenation da fatattaka.

Domin cire resinous-asphaltene aka gyara da kuma polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons wanda da low danko index da kuma babban mataki na coking amfani deasphalting sludge. A sauran ƙarfi, kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne propane. Amma tare da shi, a lokacin da ka so don samun raw hydrocracking naúrar ko catalytic fatattaka za a iya amfani da pentane da butane. Wani lokaci, a biyu-mataki deasphalting ne da za'ayi a lokacin da mataki na farko na sakamakon kwalta allocates more danko sosai bangaren - DAO 2.

A dauke da fitar hanya aiki sludge aka kawo a cikin m tsari, kuma sun riga kai tsaye kafin amfani da shi ne mai tsanani ga wani ruwa jihar.

secondary albarkatu

A samar da ƙuna, haske mai, paraffins da sauran tsarkakewa matakai inda reagent da ake amfani da sulfuric acid, an kafa ta-samfurin kira acid sludge. Wannan shi ne mai muhimmanci da sakandare hanya a baki gummy taro dauke da yafi sulfuric acid da kuma Organic mahadi. Ton acid sludge damar samun 600 kg na man fetur da man fetur, 230 kg gypsum 110 kg 60 kg coke ko gaseous hydrocarbons.

Hadari na acid Tars ga lafiyar qasa

Duk da darajar a matsayin albarkatun kasa domin kwalta binders, kuma ko da daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan kawo barazana ga muhalli, shi ne acid sludge. Wannan abu ne, haƙĩƙa, tushen hatsari ga Flora da fauna, shi ne mai sauki su yi tunanin, idan ka tuna abun da ke ciki - resinous abu da kuma free sulfuric acid, da abun ciki wanda zai iya zuwa har 70% na jimlar nauyi.

Hadarin ne mai Hanyar adanar da acid Tars. Saboda gaskiya cewa a yau babu ingantaccen hanyoyin da sake amfani, da sharar gida yana kawai jefar cikin wani ajiya kandami rike da wani lokacin quite manyan yankunan. A sakamakon redox matakai cewa faruwa spontaneously a farfajiya na ajiya, babban adadin sulfur dioxide. Bayan ruwa sosai, ko dab snow m spring ruwa mai gudãna daga overcrowded tafkunan, acidifies cikin ƙasa, kuma ruwan karkashin kasa.

Duk wannan yana da mummunan tasiri a kan muhalli halin da ake ciki a kusa da wurin da wadannan tafkunan, barnatar da rinjayar da kiwon lafiya na jama'ar dake zaune a kewaye yankin. Miliyoyin ton na acid Tars warehoused a bude ajiya kandami a kan ƙasa na Rasha. Kusan duk matatun mai suna irin wannan sharar gida. Daya ne kawai daga cikin yankin na tara fiye da 250 tons.

Zubar da sharar gida

A zamani ci gaba da ginin da aka girma bukatar kayayyakin kamar bitumen, kwalta, bitumen mastic kwalta. Haka kuma, da kuma girma yawan masana'antun. Da yawa daga cikinsu na kokarin magance matsalar da sharar gida acid Tars, ta amfani sulfuric acid magani hanya, amma shi ne har yanzu kasa a sikelin, t. Don. Yana da quite mai rikitarwa aiwatar. Yana bukatar tsada acid-resistant kayan, da ci gaban da dabaru na musamman da kuma ajiya yanayi. Yau, ɓullo mafi tasiri fasahar domin sharar acid sludge.

Kusan duk na kwararru da hannu a gina hanya, kwalta da gaskiya dauke da wani musamman kayan. Ya remelting ba ka damar haifar da wani iri-iri na mahadi da cewa an samu nasarar yi amfani da gina hanya. Kuma da yin amfani da sludge a yin rufi da kuma gini ayyukan for man fetur da man fetur, lubricating mai da ruwa habaka kara kara habaka da darajar.