Tetracycline: wani sabon ƙarni na analogues

Tetracycline - wani kwayoyin, wanda ya fara da za a yi amfani da a tsakiyar 50-ies na XX karni. Yau, da yawa kwayoyin resistant zuwa da miyagun ƙwayoyi daya tsara, sun riga sun saba, kuma saboda haka ba dole a yi irin wannan cutarwa effects kamar dā. Amma a cikin kwanaki a wuya yanayi, likitoci sau da yawa bayar da shawarar tetracycline: wani sabon ƙarni na analogues nasarar jimre da cutar.

Mene ne tetracyclines (yanayin na mataki)

Group of tetracyclines kuma su Kalam (ciki har da Semi-roba) yana kadan fiye da 260 da kuma jamiái kusan 40 sunayen sarauta. Suna sõyayya da sinadaran tsarin: takaice 4-jere tsarin. kowa tsarin sa irin wannan antimicrobial sakamako da kuma tsarin ba da tasiri.

The aiki na tetracyclines ne bacteriostatic Properties (ikon dakatar da yada kwayoyin) da inhibiting (hanawa) na gina jiki kira na da ake dasu Kwayoyin.

Irin wannan tartsatsi samar da kwayoyi a cikin wannan jerin saboda su ikon zuwa tasiri mai fadi da kewayon kwayoyin. Daga cikin karshen:

• Gram-tabbatacce kuma gram-korau kwayoyin cuta,
• rickettsia,
• da causative wakili na trachoma,
• ornithosis cutar,
• spirochetes,
• leptospira.

Domin dogon shekaru samar da yawa kwayoyin sun ɓullo da juriya ga kwayoyin tetracycline. An analogue kamar yadda Yawanci, shi ne mafi tasiri. Formulations da dama daban-daban tetracycline aiki abu, da yawa, karfi, da kuma gudun mataki, da hanyar da aikace-aikace, kudi na sha da kuma tukar tumbi.

Tarihi na ci gaba

A tarihin na yin amfani da maganin rigakafi fara Fabrairu 12, 1942, lokacin da na farko da kwayoyin ne terminally rashin lafiya, mutuwa daga jini guba da aka inducted cikin jami'ar Oxford. Cikin 'yan kwanaki da suka fara inganta, sa'an nan suka har yanzu ya mutu. Kwayoyin a dama yawa da aka iske ba.

The sosai farko na babban rukuni na tetracyclines an kasaftawa (na haskakawa naman gwari) chlortetracycline. Yau, ya likitoci da marasa lafiya sanin kira biomitsin ko aureomycin. Wannan taron ya faru a shekarar 1945 a Oxford. Kuma a 1948, ya fara asibiti da dakin gwaje-gwaje gwaje-gwaje. A duka ne kawai a shekara daga baya bayyana wani kwayoyin na kungiyar - terramycin (oxytetracycline). Kuma amfani da shi don magani dalilai fara a cikin shekara ta gaba, 1950.

Sananne ga dukan mu a Semi-roba tetracycline aka hada a shekara ta 1952. Kuma kawai a shekara daga baya da shi da za a iya ware daga cikin al'adun ruwa na fungi.

Kwayoyin mallaka sosai high juriya, su sami damar sauri daidaita maganin rigakafi, wadda take kaiwa zuwa ƙananan inganci. Wannan rabo ba kare da tetracycline.

Yau, masana kimiyya suna tilasta su samar da karin kuma mafi sabon ƙarni na maganin rigakafi, da kuma iyali na magunguna da sauri updated tare da sabon kwayoyi tare da sabon aiki sinadaran.

Kuma abubuwa a matsayin wani kwayoyin lokacin amfani

Masana kimiyya na gaskiya, ya ji cewa, yaki da ake dasu kwayoyin iya kawai yadda ya kamata. Kwayoyin - shi ne inherently abu ware daga cikin al'adun ruwa na fungi, mold ko kwayoyin iya detrimental sakamako a kan wasu kwayoyin.

Yau, akwai hanyoyi biyu don samar da maganin rigakafi. Suna sanya daga sharar kayayyakin da masu rai, ko Semi-roba wajen.

Tsananin magana, yanzu Semi-roba tetracycline - kama da magunguna ware daga rai kwayoyin. Masana kimiyya da dama imani da cewa ta hanyar yin amfani da na'urorin fasahar zamani maganin rigakafi ne mafi aminci ga marasa lafiya.

Bigiren tetracycline iyali da kwayoyi ne fairly m. Saboda haka, suna amfani da:

• a kumburi tafiyar matakai na manya da ƙananan Airways (mashako, tracheitis, ciwon huhu, pleural epiemy) sa ta hanyar m germs.
• da magani daga babba na numfashi da ciwon ya kama.
• domin lura da ido cututtuka.
• da magani daga cututtuka na urogenital Sphere (cystitis, prostatitis, pyelonephritis, kabba da ciwon sanyi, syphilis).
• domin lura da m kuma na kullum cutar da hanta da kuma biliary fili (cholecystitis, dysentery).
• domin lura da fata cututtuka (abscesses, tafasa, panaritiums).
• da magani daga febrile jihohin (Q zazzabi, Yellow Mountain hange zazzabi).

iri da kwayoyi

Pharmaceutical masana'antu nasarar samar da maganin rigakafi dangane da halitta albarkatun kasa da kuma Semi-roba kwayoyi. Yau ba kawai amfani da tetracycline - wani sabon ƙarni na analogues riƙi wurin daga cikin manyan iyali na maganin rigakafi.

Saboda haka, daga cikin semisynthetic za a iya mai suna doxycycline da methacycline (Kalam oxytetracycline). A gaba ƙarni na tetracycline da karfe morfotsiklin glikotsiklin. Wani sabon hada shirye-shiryen "oleandomycin" dangane oletetrin da olemorfotsikline.

Tartsatsi shahararsa samu minocycline.

Daya daga cikin mafi fitar da yau shi ne "Doxycycline" da kuma Kalam, amma tare da sabuwar kwayoyi da kuma haifar da "Tetracycline". A lokaci guda ya occupies wani gagarumin matsayi a cikin wannan fanni na maganin rigakafi.

Bambanta da kuma sashi siffofin. A cikin karni na karshe akwai kawai kwayoyi da kuma foda-allura.

A farkon siffofin tetracycline sun powders. Suna diluted a Saline da allura intramuscularly. Da farko da allurai kasance high saboda da low abun ciki na aiki sashi, da kuma injections ne sosai m. A nan gaba, tare da injections fara amfani da kwamfutar hannu.

Allunan, kuma ya capsules

Yau tetracycline maganin rigakafi - mai fadi da kewayon liofizilatov, Allunan, man shafawa, ido saukad, syrups. Yanzu akwai capsules dauke da tetracycline. An analogue na alluna wasu har solves matsalar da mummunan sakamako na kwayoyin a kan ciki da kuma narkewa kamar fili. Yau, mafi yawan rukuni na maganin rigakafi tetracycline baka saki kawai a capsules ko Allunan, film-mai rufi. Wadannan su ne shirye-shirye dangane da wadannan Kalam:

• doxycycline ( "Bassado", "Vidoktsin", "Dovitsin", "Doxycycline"),
• oleandomycin ( "oletetrin")
• oxytetracycline da erythromycin ( "Eritsiklin")
• minocycline ( "minocycline")

Har ila yau, dangane da ainihin tetracycline "Akos Tetracycline", "Tetracycline Lect" tetracycline hydrochloride.

A amfani da wadannan sashi siffofin da aka nuna don iri daban-daban ciki cututtuka: urinary, bronchopulmonary, hanji. Suna amfani da matsayin adjunct don magani daga ENT cututtuka da kuma fata matsaloli. Rubũta kwayoyi tetracycline kungiyar na manya da yara daga 8-12 shekaru (dangane da miyagun ƙwayoyi). Alal misali, tetracycline da methacycline rubũta da shekaru 8, doxycycline - 9, oksitetartsiklin - 10.

Duk da haka, ba saya a kan nasu maimakon da sanya samfurin, wanda dogara ne a kan tetracycline analogue. Kuma umarnin, a hankali karatu kafin magani, da kuma tattara game da miyagun ƙwayoyi m sake dubawa ba wani tabbacin cewa yana nufin shi ne daidai a gare ku. Eh, za su iya zama guda kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin summary da kuma data kasance bayyanar cututtuka. Na'am, a maƙwabcinsa, ya gaya maka ka da wannan magani, jin mafi kawai bayan na farko da kwamfutar hannu. eh, da aiki sinadaran ne kusan m, a duka biyu magunguna ... Amma akwai wani abu guda, da kuma shi ya aikata ba hula na maimaita masana. A wani likita ta nada daukan la'akari da yawa abubuwan da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, suka bada shawarar da magani ne mafi kyau ga wannan batu. Sabõda haka kada ka tafiyar da m mataki.

Mene ne lyophilizate?

An shirya a cikin wani musamman hanya (ta misãlin da kuma injin bushewa) foda, wanda aka sa'an nan diluted da musamman fasahar da ake amfani da allura. Injections iya zama intramuscularly da intravenously. A lyophilisate ya haka da yawa abũbuwan amfãni, shi za a iya adana domin da yawa fiye da maganin rigakafi samar da wasu wajen, yana da mafi girma taro na m wakili ne tunawa mafi alheri, kuma sauri.

Duk da haka, a cikin shiri na bayani da kuma bullo da ya kamata bi tsananin zuwa umarnin, in ba haka ba da miyagun ƙwayoyi iya rasa da m Properties ko cutar da mãsu haƙuri.

Tetracycline kanta za a iya amfani da Allunan, capsules da foda-mafita. Daskare-bushe samfurin dangane da shi ba, amma mai yawan da sabon-tsara analogue ( "Vidoktsin", "Tagitsil") suna samuwa ne kawai a matsayin lyophilisate ga allura.

Me kuma za a iya maye gurbinsu da tetracycline? Analogue ya nada quite sau da yawa - "Doxycycline". Magani da aka sayar a cikin capsules ko matsayin daskare-bushe samfurin.

Tetracycline da nystatin

Wannan sabon ƙarni na miyagun ƙwayoyi wanda yana da ba kawai da antibacterial aiki amma kuma anti-fungal. Yana dauke da tetracycline da nystatin a daidai yawa, shi yana da m bakan da aikin, yi amfani da ENT cututtuka, ciwon huhu, cholecystitis, venereal cututtuka, hanji cututtuka, kuraje, cututtuka na kashi da kuma taushi nama. Samuwa a Film-rufi Allunan.

Mutane da yawa shafukan ba quite dama magunguna da ake kira "Nystatin" "oletetrin" "Tetracycline" musanya Allunan "tetracycline da nystatin". Analogues cewa su ne m inganci da kuma yanayin na mataki tare da wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi ba a zahiri bayar. A bisa shirye-shirye ne kawai partially da ayyuka.

Syrups da suspensions

Yadu a yi amfani yara suspensions, kuma syrups daga gare ta. All iyaye san yadda yara ne m sha da daci, ba togiya, kuma tetracycline (Allunan). Analogs - slurry da aka yarda su rufe fuska da m dandano na miyagun ƙwayoyi, sa shi ya fi dadi liyafar. Pharmacology yafi samar na musamman powders wanda ake sa'an nan diluted zuwa slurry jihar, sa'an nan a syrup.

Kamar yadda foda slurry kanta nuna tetracycline da tetracycline hydrochloride. Daga cikin sabon ƙarni na kwayoyi za a iya mai suna doxycycline hydrochloride, doxycycline monohydride, oxytetracycline hydrochloride.

A amfani da a dakatar da aka fi aikata tare da colds da kuma numfashi Pathology a yara.

man shafawa

Man shafawa dangane tetracycline tsara don waje amfani da magani daga ido cututtuka. Ba haka ba da dadewa, na bukaci tetracycline maganin shafawa, shi da aka gudanar har zuwa yara (daga 8 shekaru). Amma lokacin da ba ya tsaya har yanzu, Pharmaceutical kasuwa ne a bayansa da tare da zamani kwayoyi da kau da kwayoyi sau mu iyaye mata da kuma grandmothers. Abin da zai iya maye gurbin wannan man ƙanshi? Tetracycline analogs mun mai suna a sama. Daga shirye-shirye a kan ta da asali, samar a cikin wani fom da cewa za a iya kira "Kolbitsion", inda, a Bugu da kari ga tetracycline, chloramphenicol da ya hada da kolistimetat. Good-tabbatar da "Tobradeks", duk da haka, a nan da aiki abu tobramycin, kuma ya ba da wani analogue na tetracycline, amma yana da irin wannan sakamako.

Maganin shafawa na waje aikace-aikace (tetracycline) ƙila za a maye gurbin miyagun ƙwayoyi "Akos Tetracycline". A gaskiya, da shawarar zabi ne da yawa, amma su aiki abu ba a dauke ta da mu da wani rukuni na kwayoyi, sun kawai da irin wannan sakamako.

saukad

A sabon ƙarni a kan tushen da doxycycline kayayyakin samuwa kamar yadda ido saukad. Wannan, misali, "Innolir", shi ne tasiri a cikin da yawa ido cututtuka.

Yana musanya wani kwayoyin kamar tetracycline analogue "Oxytetracycline" (bayani) za a iya dangana kawai yanaye. Kuma don ya binne su idanu na iya zama kawai a cikin matsanancin da kuma karkashin kulawa na likitoci.

A amfani matsayin ophthalmic tetracycline ido maganin shafawa (1% da kuma 3%), amma sauran kwayoyi bisa maganin rigakafi na wannan kungiya ba ba.

Menene sanarwa na contraindications

Sau da yawa, idan ba za ka iya amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a kan tushen da irin wannan abubuwa a matsayin tetracycline analogue da kuma canza a cikin kungiyar wasan daidai. Likita zai rubũta wani sabon ƙarni na miyagun ƙwayoyi (doxycycline, oxytetracycline, methacycline), wanda za a iya amfani da a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki, kuma zai kasance tasiri.

Daga cikin na kowa contraindications ne:

• rashin lafiyan halayen ga tetracycline.
• ciki;
• lactation.
• Yara a karkashin 8 shekara.
• mai tsanani hanta lalacewa.

A hadarin gaske yin amfani da tetracycline kuma ta analogs?

A fasalin da duk maganin rigakafi shi ne cewa su sa da dama m events. ne ba togiya, kuma tetracycline. Analogues na (wani na sabon ƙarni) kuma suna da mafi yawansu. Saboda haka, ya fi na kowa illa a cikin gajeren lokaci za a samu:

• asarar ci, tashin zuciya ko amai.
• dizziness da kuma ciwon kai.
• zawo, flatulence.
• kumburi daga cikin rufi na ciki, gastritis, kuma proctitis.

Tare da shafe tsawon amfani, marasa lafiya sukan koma ga daga m cututtuka:

• alama tabarbarewar hakori enamel.
• stomatitis.
• exacerbation na urinary fili cututtuka.
• ƙaru ƙwarai zuwa ga hasken rana.
• da ci gaban fungal cututtuka.

Zan iya maye gurbin tetracycline yadda ya kamata?

Sau da yawa wannan tambaya kula wanda shi ne m da kiwon lafiya, da kuma karanta umarnin don yin amfani da da sanya samfurin.

Ba za a iya kira m medicament, babban aiki abu ne mai tetracycline. Analogue (wani daga cikin kungiyoyin) a matsayin na asali, za su kuma yi yawa contraindications. Duk da haka, ya kamata a tuna da cewa a nan da miyagun ƙwayoyi ya nada likita, da kuma kafin cewa yana da auna nauyi da amfana daga amfani da yiwu mummunan sakamakon.

Doctors rubũta magani (wannan yana zartuwa ga tetracycline kungiyar) kawai a lokuta inda amfanin outweigh da yiwu mummunan sakamakon.

Da kansa amfani da wannan magani ko ta analogs a wani hali ba zai yiwu ba. Wannan kuma ya shafi Topical man shafawa. Bayan dogon su yi amfani da iya kai ga tsanani matsaloli.