Tsutsotsi na cibiyar sadarwa da kariya daga gare su. Irin tsutsotsi a cikin cibiyar sadarwa

Kuma ka san abin da tsutsotsi? Su ne ainihin, irin nau'in cutar. Hanyoyin yanar-gizon na yau da kullum shine tsarin fayil, tsutsotsi suna zuwa ga na'urori ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa. Har ila yau samu a cikin PC, ba za su iya kawai via e-mail, ko yanar-gizo, su ne batun, da kuma sauran Networking fasahar. Saboda haka, batun wannan labarin shine tsutsotsi na cibiyar sadarwa da kariya daga gare su. Bayan haka, suna shiga duka cibiyoyin sadarwar cibiyar sadarwar tafi-da-gidanka, da layin LAN na gida, da cibiyoyin sadarwa na IRC don tattaunawa, da kuma hanyoyin P2P, waɗanda aka tsara don daidaita musayar fayil tsakanin masu amfani kai tsaye, da kuma hanyar sadarwa na sabis da aka yi amfani da saƙonnin take.

Wasu daga cikin tarihin tsutsotsi na cibiyar sadarwa

Na farko bayanin game da aikin ya bayyana a 1978. Jon Hopp da John Shoch, masu shirye-shiryen kamfanoni na Xerox, sun tambayi game da tarin da sarrafa bayanai daga dukkan kwakwalwa zuwa tsakiya. Bayan dan lokaci, kowane kamfani na PC, bayan aiwatar da aikin da ake buƙata, ya ba da sakamakon ga shirin da masu shirye-shiryenmu suka rubuta, kuma ta, yayin da yake kan hanyar sadarwa na gida, sarrafa bayanai, aika su zuwa kwamfutar ta tsakiya. Da sauri, abokai da suka rasa kula da shirin su kuma na dogon lokaci ba su fahimci abin da ke faruwa ba.

Akwai zirga-zirga ba tare da dasu ba, to, an katange cibiyar sadarwa duka. Bayan binciken wannan matsala, masu shirye-shirye sun gano nau'o'in ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ake kira ƙwayoyin cuta na cibiyar sadarwa. Ya kamata tsofaffin masu amfani da kwamfuta su tuna da w32.Blaster.worm, tsutsa da suka kamu da Windows 2000 zuwa XP kuma basu fara da Intanet ba, sake farawa da kwamfutar. A cikin watan Nuwamba 1988, an san "Morris Worm", wanda ya hada da kashi 10 cikin dari na kwakwalwa ta duniya saboda rashin kuskuren marubucin lambar. Domin mako guda, waɗannan PC ba su aiki ba, suna rushe kusan kimanin dala miliyan 100. Saboda haka, irin wannan batu kamar tsutsotsi na yanar sadarwa da kariya daga gare su yana da mahimmanci kuma muhimmancinsa yana ƙaruwa da lokaci.

Irin tsutsotsi na yanar sadarwa da hanyoyi zuwa kwamfutar

Menene wadannan matsalolin? Ƙananan - ya shiga cikin na'urarka, kunna shi kuma fara ninuwa, amma ba kawai a cikin PC ba. Saboda haka babban aiki shi ne don shiga ta hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sauran na'urorin mutane. Mene ne, su iri? Babban ɓangaren wannan ƙwayar cuta shine tsutsotsi na imel wanda ya shiga kwamfutar tare da fayil da aka haɗe zuwa e-mail. Mai amfani da kansa ya kunna shi, ƙoƙarin buɗe shi. Wannan hakika gaskiya ne ga masu shirye-shiryen da ba a fahimta ba, wadanda ba su lura da wani abu da ake damu ba game da fadada fayil ɗin da aka kaddamar, kamar yadda sau da yawa kawai aka gani.

Sabili da haka, kowane lokaci yana bukatar biyan gargaɗin tsohuwar - kada a amsa ga wasiƙun daga mutane mara sani. Da zarar an kunna, ƙwayoyin sadarwar yanar gizo suna samun adiresoshin imel a kan na'urar sannan su aika da kwafin wanda suke ƙauna. Hakazalika tsutsotsi "raguwa" ta hanyar abokan ciniki IRC, ICQ, da sauran manzanni masu kama da juna. Wani lokaci sukan shiga cikin PC saboda raguwa a cikin tsarin aiki, software da masu bincike. Akwai wasu tsutsotsi na yanar sadarwa: tsutsotsi na IRC, tsutsotsi na P2P da tsutsotsi IM. Muna tsammanin, tare da sunayen sun bayyana abin da suke yi da yadda suke zuwa PC.

Wasu ayyuka na tsutsotsi na cibiyar sadarwa da alamun su akan kwamfutar

Su aiki manufa ne kama da cewa a wasu sauran malware, kamar Trojans. Bayan kammala aikin su, za su fara yin wasu ayyuka. Daga cikin su: shigar da shirye-shirye don gudanar da (share) kwamfutar da ke cutar, sata bayanai, lalata su, wannan shine duk abin da mahaliccin suka tsara su.

Amma ko da ba tare da waɗannan ƙarin ayyuka ba, ƙarawar zirga-zirga yana ƙaruwa a kan na'urar, aikin saukewa, tashoshin sadarwa suna ɗorawa. Wannan alama ce ta alamar tsutsa a cikin tsarin. Idan an katange aikin riga-kafi, to, wannan wata hujja ce wadda kake buƙatar kulawa. Ana iya katange samun dama ga shafuka na software na anti-virus.

Yadda za a kare kanka daga tsutsotsi na cibiyar sadarwa?

Mun dauki matakin farko na magana da kyau - tsutsotsi na yanar sadarwa da kariya daga gare su, yanzu sun ci gaba zuwa na biyu. Muna so muyi gargadi yau da kullum cewa riga-kafi na yau da kullum da ke da ayyuka na asali ba zai taimaka maka ba, mafi kyau zai bayyana ainihin gaskiyar barazanar kuma toshe shi. Amma wannan baya hana wani kamfani daga hawan kai tsaye ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa. Amma idan kwamfutarka ta haɗa zuwa cibiyar sadarwa, mai kyau riga-kafi shi ne yanayin da ya kamata don aiki.

Kariya akan tsutsotsi na cibiyar sadarwa an haɗa su a cikin aiki na tsarin aiki kanta. Yana da kayan aiki don wannan, wanda, a takaice, rage yawan haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. Babban abu shi ne sabuntawa ta atomatik da tace tafin wuta / Tacewar zaɓi. A cikin tarurruka masu tasowa, wannan sau da yawa ana kashe, wanda yake da matsala da matsaloli masu tsanani. Bayan haka, ita ce tacewar zaɓi wanda ke duba duk bayanan shiga a kan hanyar sadarwar kwamfyuta, kuma ya yanke shawara ko ya tsalle su ko a'a.

Kare ketare daga tsutsotsi na cibiyar sadarwa

Don ƙarfafa kariya daga kwamfutar ta hanyar tsutsotsi na cibiyar yanar gizo, masu tsantsawa da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, ana bada shawara don shigar da tacewar ta waje a matsayin madadin bayani. Irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen, saboda girman mayar da hankali, suna da saitunan masu sauƙi. Masu amfani sune shahararren: Firewall Firewall - software na kyauta da kyauta na Firewall Pro - biya.

Domin ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin kaza daga dukan abubuwan da ke cikin fada da sabon "sakonni", yana da kyau a koma ga hanyar cutar virus. Tsutsotsi na cibiyar sadarwa akwai dukkan hanya, bayyanar sababbin tsutsotsi ana biye da su, kuma zaku sani game da shi nan da nan. A hanyar, banda sanannun riga-kafi, tsutsotsi suna iya samun dama ga hanyar VirusInfo, wanda ke da sabis na kyauta na kyauta daga na'urorin daga cututtuka daban-daban.

Ƙarshe

A cikin 'yan kalmomi, dukan yanayin rayuwa na ci gaba da tsutsotsi na yanar gizo ya takaice kaɗan:

1. Yin shiga cikin tsarinka.
2. Abu mai mahimmanci shine kunnawa.
3. Bincika ga wadanda aka cutar.
4. Production da shirye-shirye na kofe.

Ƙarin fadada kofe.

Yanzu zana karshe. Muna fatan cewa kun rigaya sun fahimci abin da tsutsotsi na yanar gizo suke, kuma kariya daga gare su na ainihi ne a matakin farko. Sa'an nan kuma babu matsaloli. Don haka kare kwamfutarka daga shiga cikin barazanar, kuma kada ka yi ƙoƙarin yin ƙoƙari don magance sakamakon.