Vardzia, Georgia: tarihi, jan hankali da kuma hotuna

Tafiya ta Georgia, ba shi yiwuwa ba a ziyarci mutumin da aka yi da mu'ujiza zamanin na Golden Age - a real kogo birni, ya sassaka a cikin hanjinsu na picturesque cliffs.

Tuddan farfajiyoyi a ɓõye, a cikin zurfin daga cikin kurkuku, wani tsohon sufi da musamman tarin frescoes kuma kusan shekara dubu na tarihi - shi Vardzia. Jojiya ne wajaba alfahari da ta monumental wuraren tarihi ranked shi a da dama daga cikin ababuwa Monuments na zamanin d gine da kuma kasar ta kasa da al'adunsu.

Ancient Vardzia - m dot a kan taswira na zamani Georgia

Geographically Vardzia (Jojiya) ne kusa da Baturke iyakar a wajen kudu, kusa da eponymous kauye kusa da Akhalkalaki a Samtskhe-Javakheti lardin. Kogon sufi lullube a cikin wani picturesque kwarin na Kura River (Mtkvari Jojiyanci), tare da dukkan bangarorin kewaye da majestic duwãtsu na Caucasus. A vastness na Javakheti Plateau yakan dutse Erusheti (fassara daga Jojiyanci sauti kamar Bear Mountain), pitted yadin da aka saka kogo takware da twisty manholes tsoho sufi.

A almara asalin sunan birnin

Etymology sonorous sunan Vardzia bayyana da dama tsoho Legends. Special soyayya na Georgians dadin wani labari cewa ya gaya kadan Tamara, wasa da ya kawu a cikin kogwanni da sufi gina. Rasa gaban yarinya, mutumin ya fara kalle-kalle, da kuma a wannan lokacin da wani matashi gimbiya bayyana ne kwatsam bãya gare shi, da furta wani kira na "Ak-var, Dzyan" (ina nan, ina Uncle!). Melodious jituwa haka gamshi sarki, George, da cewa ya yanke shawarar sanya sunan 'yar sansanin soja kalmomi, ɗaukaka ce ta gaba sarauniya.

A cewar wani version, wanda ayan tsaya ga tarihi, Vardzia sunan zo daga Persian "varjam" - kamar yadda Farisawa kira da tsoho mazaunan Jojiya.

A tarihin na yi na zamanin d USAID

A tarihin sufi hadaddun gudanar kashe a cikin zurfin XII karni, da zamanin mulkin Sarauniya Tamara, wanda wannan rana ya girmama dukkan Georgia. Kogon birni Vardzia aka gina a matsayin abin dogara da USAID tsara don kare Borjomi Gorge a kan m mangolawa kudancin kasar. The halitta tsarin na karkashin kasa da kogwanni Dutsen Erusheti bayar da wani kyakkyawan tushen nan gaba impregnable sansanin soja, da gina wanda aka fara a zamanin mulkin George III, kuma ya ci gaba da almara ya Tamara.

Da zarar sufi da aka gaba ɗaya a ɓõye, a cikin hanjinsu na dutse, a haɗa da surface wani labyrinth na karkashin kasa sassa. A karfi a tarihin wadannan wuraren da bala'in girgizar kasa da ya girgiza yankin a karshen XIII karni, kawo saukar da m ɓangare na gangaren dutse, m baya fake da abokan gaba, da Haikalin gari wurare.

Kufai da m tashin Vardzia

A cikin wadannan karni, kasar da aka sace akai-akai da Mongol da Persian sojojin, ciki har lalace kuma Vardzia. Jojiya ya ambaci most wuta, shirya da Farisa a 1551. Wannan bala'i ya yi sanadiyar rayukan da sufaye na sufi, amma, Paradoxically, tabbatar da rashin mutuwa na musamman ado na sufi. Boye a karkashin toka frescoes da murals amince tsira.

Kama da sansanin soja a cikin XVI karni, Ottoman mallaki wannan yanki fiye da shekara ɗari biyu, lokacin da lokacin da sufi zauna inda ba wanda yake zaune. Ƙarni biyu daga baya, sojojin Rasha retook daga Ottoman Empire, da tsohon birnin, da kuma karkashin arches na zamanin d Haikali sake bubbled rayuwa.

Yau Vardzia - rayayye ziyarci da yawon bude ido na Jojiyanci National Monument kuma a zamanin yau a aiki sufi. A farko hutu bayan ƙarni na ibadar busa a cikin ganuwar da haikali a cikin marigayi 80s.

Tun shekarar 2004, ma'aikatar al'adu ta shirya a kasar ta maido, a lokacin da mayar da allocating tsarin concreted sanya fasa lokaci. Don dalilai na tsaro, da sufaye da baƙi aka gina baiwa, struts. Dauke for hada kogo birni a kan UNESCO Duniya Heritage List.

An gine-gine da fitacciyar na da Georgia

To, abin da yake ban mamaki Vardzia? Jojiya yana mai yawa kogo gidajen lama da kuma gine-gine, amma wannan wuri ne da gaske musamman. Wannan karkashin kasa birni, sihiri monumental da sifofi da tsarin! Multistorey Vardzia hadaddun hada da fiye da shida kogwanni da ramummuka na halitta da kuma mutum-sanya asali, da alaka da wani cibiyar sadarwa na tituna da kuma Tunnels, da barin tseren mita 800 a cikin tsawon kuma fiye da 50 mita saukar da dutsen.

Haikalin hadaddun hade da goma sha biyar majami'u, da zuciya daga abin da yake da yanzu akwai wani shahararren haikalin na ɗauka na Virgin. Bugu da kari ga addini gine-gine, da gine-gine da gungu na dutse gari ya hada da zama da mai amfani da gine-gine, cin abinci dakunan, dakunan karatu, baho da mikewa domin 3.5 km ruwan famfo.

A taron na soja barazana ga impregnable sansanin soja da vaults iya saukar da har zuwa 20 dubu mutane da kuma jure dogon kewaye, da kuma manyan fitar uku m Tunnels samar Jojiyanci sojojin mamaki kai hari kan sojojin abokan gaba.

Tarik kogo hadaddun

Idan ka tambayi Georgians, wanda ƙi haddasawa a kansu da wani sosai real girman kai, da yawa za su amsa: Vardzia. Jojiya (inda sanannen kogo hadaddun, muna gaya wa a farkon labarin) classifies sufi tsakanin arziki wuraren ban sha'awa.

A yau shi ne mai kyau-sa al'adu makaman, sanye take da wutar lantarki, dadi matakala da kuma lafiya masu gadi. Main ƙofar kogon gari ne a kananan hasumiya-kararrawa hasumiya, gina bayan da tarihi da girgizar kasa. Wannan irin gaban ƙofar da take jagora zuwa ga tsakiyar coci ɗauka cewa zubar a wani fili mainsail. Crowning ta musamman bango murals da fuskoki tsarkaka, Sarauniya Tamar da kuma George III ne na girma m darajar. A vaults cikin Haikali suna fentin da gargajiya Littafi Mai Tsarki al'amuran. A cewar labari, akwai aka binne Sarauniya Tamara.

Church na ɗauka aka located zurfi a cikin duwatsu, da kuma a kan waje iya ganin kawai da baka na shirayin, bagaden boyewa lurking tafi a cikin wani karamin dakin kayayyakinsa da kuma haikali riguna. Kunci passageways kai ga boye a cikin zurfin kogon birni sauran kananan majami'u da kuma haikalin, amma a nan shi ne a kananan spring cewa ba ruwa mai aiki sufi, inda a yau rayuwa game da goma sha biyar, da sufaye.

Irin wannan picturesque Vardzia (Jojiya). Tarik wannan yanki ba su iyakance ga tsohon sufi. A cikin kusanci da dutse birni iya samun matsahi na saba da tarihi na kufaifan da Tmogvi Khertvisi, ziyarci babban coci da X karni Kumurdo ziyarar fi tsoho kogo sufi na Vanis Kvabebi.

Vardzia (Jojiya): yadda za a samu zuwa kogon birni-sufi

Idan ka zabi hanya tafiya zuwa Vardzia, fara tafiya mafi kyau daga kudancin birnin Akhaltsikhe. Za ka iya amfani da mota haya sabis da kuma samun zuwa kogon hadaddun a kan nasu. The tafiya daukan awa. Har ila yau daga cikin gari motar jigila "Akhaltsikhe (Jojiya) - Vardzia". Inda ya zauna domin holidays? Zabi kana da babban. Yawanci, matafiya suna amintattun a yawa bako-gidaje yankin na Samtskhe-Javakheti. Za ka iya ciyar da dare a cikin kananan hotels, hostels ko takalman Apartments na kauye.

Ba da nisa daga sufi hadaddun da aka bude, ta zamani, hotel da gidan cin abinci Vardziarezot, miƙa wani m view a cikin kogo birni. Musamman m gani da dare - sufi da aka hasken da haske fitilu. Wasu yawon bude ido fi son zama a cikin wani tanti ko ciyar da dare a cikin picturesque Jojiyanci iska.

Ban sha'awa maki ga baƙi

• Kogon birni bude wa jama'a duk shekara zagaye, da aiki - daga 9 zuwa 19 hours. A dubawa na dukan kogo hadaddun zai dauki akalla 2,5-3 hours. Tikitin Price - 3 Gel (kamar $ 100) na manya, yara tikitin - 1 Gel.
• Shirya ya ziyarci karkashin kasa na sufi? Kada zama amiss zuwa Stock sama a kan tocila - da yawa farfajiyoyi da kuma wurare hadaddun bundled impenetrable duhu.
• Kogon ne kyawawan sanyi ko da a kan zafi zafi kwana, don haka za a hanya, tabbata ya dauki dumi tufafi.
• Shiryar da Tours a cikin sufi hadaddun na Vardzia kawo kusan dukkan tafiya hukumomin a Georgia.

Idan kana shirin wani farin ciki da kuma m tafiya ta daya daga cikin mafi tsoho sassa na tsohon Tarayyar jamhuriyoyin - ka zabi Vardzia (Jojiya). Photo wasan kwaikwayo kyau na karkashin kasa na sufi da kewaye duwãtsu su yardar da kuma bayar da m tunanin shekaru masu zuwa.