Vintage keke. Tarihi da ci gaba na keke

Vintage bike a lokaci daya aka yi nasara a kananan kai masana'antu. Its firtsi ne dangana ga mutane daban-daban. Akwai version cewa ayyukan da sarkar drive da kuma biyu daga ƙafafun ciki Leonardo Vinci. Lamban kira ga sabuwar dabara a 1814 samu da Jamusanci Baron von Karl Dresen. A tsarin da aka yi da itace da kuma ya ba pedals hau, ya wajaba ya tura kashe ƙafãfunku daga ƙasa. Akwai wani ra'ayi da cewa irin wannan na'ura Ya halitta a Rasha gwani Efim Artamonov (shekaru 14 kafin Jamus abokan aiki), amma sai aka ba jadadda mallaka. A wannan yanayin, na farko bike tafiya game da 5000 kilomita, kuma aka yi da itace.

kyautata

Zanen Jamus Dresen Ya halitta a 1817 wani tsohon keke, wanda a gaskiya ya da wani katako babur sanye take da wurin zama da matuƙin jirgin ruwa. Da sabuwar dabara mai suna bayan mahaliccin "railcar". Wannan lokaci ne har yanzu amfani dangane da wasu daga cikin kai-propelled inji.

A forties karni na sha tara, da na'urar ne hõre zamani, godiya ga kokarin Kirk Patrika Makmillana (Scottish maƙeri jini). Wanda aka da keke ba tare da pedals sanye take da karfe sanduna gyarawa zuwa ga raya wheel. Tare da su shi yiwuwa a samar da mota a motsi da kafafu. Da direba aka located tsakanin gaba da raya dabaran, daidaitawa da shugabanci na yin amfani da motocin, hulda tare da gaban baki.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa injiniya Thompson zarar ya inflatable tayoyin, wanda a wancan lokaci ba saya shahararsa, saboda su fasaha ajizanci. Mass samar da kekuna da pedals da kyamarori fara bayan 1867.

kara ci gaba da

The sunan bike samu godiya ga Pierre Michaud, wanda ya jadadda mallaka feda drive Fitted zuwa gaban dabaran. A cikin marigayi 19th karni da shi ya zama mashahuri tsarin "dinari-farthing", don haka mai suna ta misalin diameters na tsabar kudi don juna (kasa da dinari farthing). A pedals aka sanya a kan wata manyan gaban dabaran. A wurin zama da aka located a saman su. Tun da irin wannan abin hawa da aka canja cibiyar nauyi, keke tare da manyan gaban dabaran aka dauke quite m gyara, hawa a kan wanda ya bukaci da hankali da kuma ma'auni na mahayi.

An madadin to wannan na'urar zama tricycles model sauri tsiwirwirinsu shahararsa. A na gaba mataki na keke za a iya dauke da amfani na karfe dabaran da ciki spokes. Irin wannan ƙiren ƙarya da aka samarwa a 1867 da Edward Cowper. Kawai kamar wata shekaru da hawa yana sanye take da wani firam, da kuma a cikin marigayi 70 ta akwai sarkar drive (kirkiro - Banasare Lawson).

A karshen karni na 19th

A wurin da dinari-farthing da kuma irin wannan model zo keke, vaguely reminiscent na zamani gyare-gyare. Ya fito da Turanci gwani Dzhon Kemp Starley a 1884. Motar da aka mai suna "wanderer» (Rover). Bayan watanni 12, da serial samar da wannan version. Naúrar da sarkar watsa, wannan diamita da ƙafafun, da direba ta wurin za'ayi a kan wani tsakiya tsakanin gaba da raya baki. A nan gaba, kamfanin Rover fara zuwa tsirar motoci da sauran motocin, sai shekarar 2005, sa'an nan ya tafi fatara.

A 1888, Scottish m John Boyd Dunlop tayoyin da aka samarwa daga roba ne softer kuma mafi dadi. M kyamara idan aka kwatanta da roba takwarorinsu, da sauri tsiwirwirinsu shahararsa. Idan na da bike idan aka kwatanta da wani "fašakarwar na'ura mai" na kasũsuwa, ashe, a yanzu hawa ya zama yawa smoother da sauki.

Golden kakar

A flowering na fasaha a cikin ci gaban da biyu wheeled ba motorized dauke da shekaru 90 na karni na sha tara. Wannan shi ne saboda zuwan da birki feda da wani free wheeling na'urar, wanda a yarda ba to feda unnecessarily. Ba da da ewa zo hannun birki, amma da m amfani fara daga baya.

Da farko bike nadawa irin aka kerarre a 1878, da kuma a cikin shekaru goma ƙirƙira aluminum Tsarin. A motar da pedals, wanda za a iya koma a cikin wani maƙaryaciya, ko a kan sãsanninsu, aka ƙirƙira a 1895. Wannan gyara ne ake kira "rikambent". Its taro samar a cikin 'yan shekaru bayan da gabatar da kamfanin da aka tsunduma a cikin "Peugeot".

Abin da ya canza a farkon karni na 20th?

Ancient katako bike a farkon karni na 20th, ya bace tun da daɗewa. A 1915, akwai model sanye take da gaba da raya dakatar. Su babban manufar - yi amfani da bukatun da Italiyanci sojojin. Bayan shekaru goma, ya bayyana a cikin na'urar qazanta ball type, multispeed cibiya, na'ura taro hanya, da gudu kayyadewa ga sarkar drive da karfe bututu tare da wata kafar birki.

Da farko gearshifts kamiltattu. Saka a kan raya wheel sprocket musamman a garesu. Don canzawa gudun, ya wajaba a dakatar da kayan aiki, cire da kuma kunna dabaran. Bugu da kari, ya zama dole don daidaita matsayin da tightness na kewaye.

A zamani tarihi na ci gaba da bike

A planetary kaya da hidima a matsayin samfur ga zamani motsa na'urar da aka ƙirƙira a 1903, amma baza ya kusan shekaru 30 baya. A kwanan nan more gyara na canza na canja wurin sanya ta Italian cyclist Tullio Campagnolo (1950), wanda daga baya ya zama sananne manufacturer velomashin.

A 74th shekara na karni na karshe, akwai model na kekuna sanya daga titanium, kadan daga baya - na carbon fiber. Musamman kwamfuta zuwa waƙa da kaya sigogi, gudu da kuma lokaci, ya fito a 1983.

Vintage bike wani rabo, saboda da rashin zabi. A karni na ashirin m shahararsa na dauke da fasaha. Wannan ake dangantawa da ci gaban mota masana'antu da kuma da sabuwar dabara mopeds, babura. Fashion for velomashiny reappeared, godiya sun fi mayar da inganta lafiya salon da kuma kariya na muhalli tsarin. Babban abin hawa yanzu mafi sau da yawa amfani bike mazauna kasashen Turai. A mafi yawan aiki da masu amfani an dauke su mazauna Denmark da Netherlands. A talakawan Dane tafiye-tafiye keke a kusa da 900 kilomita a shekara, wani mazaunin na Netherlands - 850 km. A Jamus da Belgium, da adadi shi ne kilomita 300. Kadan kayan aiki da ake amfani a kudancin Turai. Ga misali, da talakawan Clemente ya ci nasara ta kawai nisan kilomita 20.

Features

Gwamnatin manufofin a kasashe daban-daban, yin saiti a tasowa velostroeniya damar yada wannan nau'i na sufuri, inganta jama'a kiwon lafiya, ya taimaka wa tsakiyar tituna na Cunkoso da kuma kiyaye muhalli. A China, India da kuma sauran kasashe, da keke yana dauke da babban wajen harkokin sufuri. Wannan shi ne saboda ta maneuverability a cikin kunkuntar tituna da kuma affordability. Akwai sun kasance lokuta da cewa hukumomin haramta motsi a kan wannan irin fasahar, don haka kamar yadda ba su kange nassi na motocin. Alal misali, a birnin Shanghai (2003) da aka dakatar da watanni da dama.

ban sha'awa bayanai

Kasa wasu ban sha'awa facts da alaka da tarihi na biyu wheeled raka'a ba tare da Motors:

• Bike ba tare da pedals ƙirƙira a 1814, da aka yi da itace, tafiya a kan shi na iya zama, fara daga ƙafa na duniya.
• A farko keke tseren da aka gudanar a Paris kiwo (cikin nesa ya 2 kilomita a 1868).
• A Rasha taro model da sarkar drive fara bayyana a 1880.
• A gagarumin nasara a ci gaba da bike da ya faru a 1884. A likitan dabbobi daga Scotland Dunlop ƙirƙira da pneumatic hula. Da farko, ya yi kokarin cika shi da ruwa, amma shi muhimmanci rage gudu. Sa'an nan, da ya kirkiro hura iska cikin ta, kuma ƙirƙira musamman bawul hana mayar da fitarwa cakuda.
• Babban zamani keke manufacturer ne da kasar Sin, domin ya ƙunshi mafi yawan wurare (game da 95% na samarwa).

sharudda ga selection

A lokacin da zabar keke ya kamata ya yi la'akari da wani yawan sigogi. Da farko, dole ne ka yanke shawara a kan wuri na babban motsi (birni ko kasa hanya). Abu na biyu, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da shekaru da kuma jima'i da mai shi. Bugu da ƙari, cikin firam dole ne dace da tsawo da nauyi na mutum. Shan la'akari duk wadannan dalilai, za ka iya karba a biyu wheeled fasaha, samar da aminci, aminci da kuma ta'aziyya na motsi.

Mene ne iri na zamani bike?

Vintage tricycle yanzu za ka iya samun kawai a wani gidan kayan gargajiya. Modern takwarorinsu za a iya raba iri uku:

1. Mountain model. Suna tsara don matsawa a kan m ƙasa, da duwãtsu, kuma hanya. Ingantaccen gyare-gyare na da irin wannan suna dauke su mafi mashahuri, abin dogara, karfi da kuma m. Wasu versions suna sanye take da biyu daga buga absorbers (biyu marataya). Duk da cewa wannan mota shi ne mafi tsananin fiye da misali bambancin, shi nuna mafi kyau yi a lokacin da tuki a kan m saman.
2. Road racing Kekuna rubuta. Wadannan gyare-gyare sauki ƙafafun da ya fi girma diamita tare da kunkuntar tayoyin. A tsarin sanye take underestimated da dabaran, kyale direba ya dauko wani nata irin matsayi, game da shi, inganta gudun yi.
3. Mixed bambance-bambancen karatu. Wadannan kekuna hada da mafi kyau halaye na analogues na sama, shi ne aka yi nufi ga fitar na gari da kuma a cikin shi, kuma kada ku kusanci 'yan wasanni jinsi.

sakamakon

Development of keke fasahar faru fiye da daya karni. A ci gaba da kuma halittar wannan na'urar ya samu halartar da yawa daga ir kuma sana'a. A sakamakon haka, da bike yi ba kawai nisha, da kuma cikakken abin hawa.