Wadanda suka fi shahara a cikin Rasha da duniya

Ƙasar al'adun gargajiya na duniya sun bunkasa a cikin shekaru masu yawa. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan wurare a ciki shi ne shahararren makarantar kasar ta Rasha. Wannan cikakkiyar sanarwa ne, saboda yawancin masu marubuta a Rasha suna da daraja ƙwarai har zuwa yau a duk faɗin duniya. Masu marubuta na Rasha, da godiya ga ayyukansu, sun girmama ƙasarsu, kuma suna da tasiri a kan abokan aiki na kasashen waje.

A bit of history

Harshen al'adun gargajiya na Rasha ya fadi a karni na goma sha takwas. Wannan lokacin kuma ana la'akari da shi shine lokacin babban canje-canje. A wannan lokacin ne makarantar rukunin Rasha ta farko ta bayyana, an kafa al'adun gargajiya na wasan kwaikwayo. Amma ga nau'in halitta, mafi yawan rikitarwa daga gare su ya ci gaba da sauri: opera, choral da music instrumental. Duk da haka, ya kamata a yi la'akari da magungunan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma a wannan lokacin ya zama sananne ba kawai daga cikin wakilan Rasha ba, har ma a kasashen waje. A Rasha, opera, wanda ya bambanta da na kasashen waje, an gabatar da shi a cikin wata mahimmanci, m, laconic da kuma ainihin siffar, bisa tushen mutane. Tare da shi, ƙirar yaɗaɗɗen ya ɓullo, wanda ya haɗa tare da kowane aikin. A cikin wannan labarin ba za ka sami bayanai masu ban sha'awa kawai ba, har ma da hotuna na shahararrun masu rubutun.

Shekaru goma sha takwas

A wannan mataki, shahararren mashahuran Rasha sun fito, ɗaya daga cikinsu shi ne Dmitry Bortnyansky. Na gode masa, waƙar Rasha ta sami sababbin hadisai da dabi'u, a cikin nau'in wasan kwaikwayon choral, misali. Ya kasance sananne ga tsarin sa na kansa - ya haɗu da halayen tsohuwar faɗakarwa tare da halayen jituwa na zamani. Yana iya wadatar da duk wani abu, ko da mafi kyawun rubutu, kuma ya juya ta zama wani abu mai ban mamaki saboda amfani da ƙwarewar rhythmic, da bambancin amfani da abun da ke ciki, gagarumin rinjaye na polyphonic. Har ila yau, mahimmanci ya ambata cewa mai rubutawa ya yi aiki a kotu yana yin waƙa da ɗakin sujada kuma yana da tasiri mai yawa game da yadda yake yi, da kuma sanannun marubuta na Rasha. Mafi shahararrun wasan kwaikwayo na Dmitry Bortnyansky shine "Kada ku ƙyale ni a lokacin tsufa" da kuma kundin wasan kwaikwayo na No. 33.

Mikhail Glinka

Mawallafan wakoki na Rasha sun fara fitowa daga karni na goma sha takwas, amma gaskiyar hakikanin ainihin farar hula na gargajiya na Rasha ya zo a ƙarshen karni na sha takwas. Ya fara magana, da farko, tare da Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka. Shi ne wannan mawallafi wanda ya bude sabon tarihin tarihi a cikin kiɗa. Babbar nasara ita ce ta hanyar jigilar mahimmancin ra'ayi. Glinka yayi aiki, za ka iya cewa, a cikin dukkanin nau'o'in kide-kide, ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, aiki don magungunan wasan kwaikwayo, furo-faye, da yawa na romantic da kuma muryar murya, da kuma abubuwan da ya kirkiro ga ɗakin ɗakunan ajiya. Matsayin da Mikhail Ivanovich ke da nasaba sosai, yawancin shahararrun mashahuran suna so su dace da salon sa. Glinka ya fahimci kasa sosai, yana da kyau a cikin opera "Ivan Susanin". Masanin da aka san shi da mahimmanci na musamman ga waƙoƙin masarauta, sau da yawa a cikin ayyukan da ya yi amfani da waka da bambancin. Ya kamata a lura cewa mutane da yawa sun san irin wadannan ayyukan kafin Mikhail Glinka, amma an dauki shi ne wanda ya kafa tashar wasan kwaikwayo ta kasar Rasha. Mafi shahara a zamaninmu aikin Ruslan da Lyudmila da Ivan Susanin.

Alexander Dargomyzhsky

A cikin karni na sha tara a Rasha an tasowa m zamantakewa motsi, m blooms m hakikanci, wannan ya shafi biyu, zuwa ga arts in general kuma music. Alexander Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky shine wakilin kansa, na musamman - zane-zane mai ban mamaki. Kamar yawancin mutanensa, masu sanannun mawallafi, ya ci gaba da hadisai da sababbin abubuwan da Mikhail Glinka ya gabatar, amma ya gabatar da ainihin asali, yayin da yake jaddada yadda yake da kyau. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin da Alexander Sergeevich yayi shine opera "The Mermaid". Bisa gagarumar bidi'a, na farko, yana cikin gaskiyar cewa wannan shi ne na farko a wasan kwaikwayon wasan kwaikwayon na wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha da wasan kwaikwayo na ta'aziyya ta amfani da ci gaba na ƙarshe. Yana da mahimmanci cewa kusan dukkanin abubuwa masu ban sha'awa suna nunawa a cikin wuraren da ake kira, suna da alamar daɗaɗɗa kuma wasu suna kama da shahararren mashahuran birane. Har ila yau, wasan kwaikwayo ne na farko wanda hotunan hotunan ya zama ainihin asali - waɗannan su ne mutanen da ke da bambancin zamantakewar zamantakewar zamantakewar zamantakewar jama'a, da kuma maƙalafan martaba. Wani muhimmin aikin Dargomyzhsky shi ne ɗakin murya "Petersburg serenades".

Mafi shahara composers jam'iyya "Mabuwãyi dintsi"

Babban muhimmanci shine wannan lokacin. Ƙarshen karni na goma sha tara da farkon ran ashirin ya kasance daya daga cikin matakai mafi muhimmanci a ci gaba da al'adun Rasha. Ya kasance a wannan lokacin da wasu mashahuriyar kide-kide masu kirki suka kirkiro wani zamani, al'umma mai suna "Mighty Handful" al'umma. Wannan rukuni ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga ci gaba da makarantar wasan kwaikwayo ta Rasha. Kuma wannan absolutino ba abin mamaki bane. Bayan haka, ya haɗa da irin waɗannan mashahuran mawallafi, kamar suna fadin Petrovich Musorgsky, Aleksandr Porfirevich Borodin, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Miliy Alekseevich Balakirev da Tsezar Antonovich Kyui. Don haɓakawa suna da alaƙa da manyan canje-canje a cikin tsarin wasan kwaikwayo na zamani, musamman muhimmancin da aka haɗe da wasan kwaikwayon tarihin tarihi, da kuma wuraren shimfida wurare.

Duk da cewa duk ayyukan su, bisa ga mahimmanci, an yi amfani da su wajen kiyaye al'adu na musamman na Alexander Dargomyzhsky da Mikhail Glinka, sun kara da su da yawa daga canje-canje da sababbin abubuwa, wanda hakan ya kawo musu shahararrun mashahuri a waje da Rasha.

Moussorgsky mafi muni

Mussorgsky shi ne wanda ya kafa jagoranci na musamman a makarantar wasan opera ta Rasha. Mafi sau da yawa an kwatanta da Rubinstein. Sun halicci shugabancin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo. Ya operatic aikin da aka ma adana haka da cewa kayayyakin da ake amfani da irin wannan musamman siffofin matsayin sabon hanyar m magana, amfani da su bayyana image na al'umma, da bambantawa na mawaka da kasafi na musamman kuri'u a abun da ke ciki, da m amfani da melodic recitative hirar. Ya kamata mu lura cewa al'amuran da ke cikin kyan gani suna da kyau. Biye da mahimmanci na Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky yayi amfani da wannan al'amuran na ci gaban giciye. Duk da haka, nasarorin da mai yin mawaki ba'a iyakance shi ba ne kawai ga nau'in wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya gudanar da kwarewa ta wasan kwaikwayon waƙoƙin, waƙoƙin kwarewa masu kwarewa da abubuwan kirkiro na babban nau'i na mawaka, da kuma babban murya mai suna symphonic. Mafi mashahuri a zamaninmu shine wasan kwaikwayo na mai rikida Khovanshchina da Boris Godunov. Na gode da su, masu sanannun marubuta na duniya sun gane Modest Petrovich.

Sergey Rachmaninov

Daya daga cikin mafi yawan mashahuriyar karni na 20 a Rasha za a iya daukar Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninov. A cikin ayyukansa ya bayyana a fili nauyin rawar waƙa. Babban ma'anar wahayi ga mai rubutawa shi ne haɗin da yaren mutanen Rasha, tare da al'adun gargajiya. Babban aikin aikinsa ana iya kiran shi da gaskiya, nuna kai tsaye da jin dadi da kuma yadda za'a iya daukar hoto. Yaren da yafi nasara ga mahalarta shi ne sakon murya da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Suna da kwarewa da zurfin tunani da tunani. Popular a zamaninmu shine cantata "Spring" da kuma "Karrarawa". Ba zato ba tsammani, da karshen shi ne rubutun da wanda duniya shahara composers aka yi wahayi zuwa ga rubuta nasu Masterpieces. Sun kasance Sergei Prokofiev, Dmitry Shostakovich, Georgy Sviridov. Har ila yau, sanannen mai suna Yury Shaporin mai suna Soviet.

Yawancin mawaƙa suna da godiya da godiya game da ayyukan wasan kwaikwayon na Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninov, wadanda suka fara yin amfani da fina-finai da kuma nazarin su ne mai ban sha'awa sosai, daya daga cikin shahararren wasan kwaikwayon sanannen wasan kwaikwayon "Elegy".

A ƙasa za ku iya ganin hoto na asali. Babu wasu sanannun masu kirista na Soviet, amma suna da tasiri a kan al'adar gargajiya na Rasha. Daga gare su, Dmitri Shostakovich, Andrew Eshpay, Rodion Shchedrin, Aleksandra Pahmutova.

Manyan marubuta na duniya. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Idan mukayi magana game da sanannun mawallafi a duniya, wanda farko wanda aka fi tunawa da shi shi ne, hakika, Mozart. An haifi marubucin a Salzburg, ya fara wasa sosai a farkon, a gaskiya, a shekaru 6 ya riga ya tafi ya kuma ba da kide-kide. Akwai ra'ayi cewa yaron ya ji daɗi sosai, da ƙwaƙwalwa. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ta taka leda, piano, motsa jiki da harpsichord, kuma suna da kyawawan basira da kuma fasaha na ingantaccen dabi'a. Yawancin mawallafi masu yawa, waɗanda aka sani da ayyukan su na asali, sunyi ƙoƙarin kwaikwayon irin salon Mozart. Yau, mafi mashahuri na ya qagaggun hada da wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "The Aure na Figaro" da kuma "The Magic sarewa", kazalika da muhimman hakkokin "Requiem".

Mawallafin Faransanci: Georges Bizet

Famous Faransa mawaki a zamanin yau quite rare. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi shahararren shine Georges Bizet - wakilin musamman na lokaci na romanticism. Ya rubuta babban adadin ayyukan orchestral, romantic da piano guda. Duk da haka, mafi shahararren, kuma, watakila, mafi yawan abin da ya faru wanda ya kasance mai yin amfani da shi shi ne wasan kwaikwayo. Tabbas, mafi shahararrun shine "Carmen" wanda ba a iya kwatanta shi ba. Wani, ba shahararren ba, amma babu wani gajeren nasara shi ne wasan kwaikwayo "Pearl Seekers".

A ƙarshe, waƙoƙi na sanannun mawakan gargajiya a Rasha da kuma na duniya, har ma da piano da wasan kwaikwayon na zamani, har yanzu suna shahara a yau. Sau da yawa irin waɗannan ayyuka suna wasa a kide-kide, a talabijin a fina-finai har ma a talla. Wannan yana nuna cewa al'adar gargajiya, ta ƙarshe ta sami sabon sare, har yanzu yana tuna waɗannan al'adun gargajiya waɗanda mawallafi sun fi sani.