Wakilai daga cikin iyali albasa. The iyali na albasa: halaye da kuma bayanin

Wakilai daga cikin iyalan Caryophyllaceae (Caryophyllaceae) da ake samu a kusan dukkan sassan duniya. Girma irin shuke-shuke ciki har da a cikin kasar. A cikin gandun daji da kuma matakan da Rasha za a iya samu tsayayyen da gandun daji, Silene dioica, ragged robin, da dai sauransu Hakika, albasa - .. Family, wanda mambobin sukan girma da kuma kewayen birni yankunan. Suna amfani da gidãjen Aljanna, kuma gonaki, suka yafi a matsayin ornamental shuke-shuke.

Janar halaye

Babban bayãnin hukuncin fasali na duk mambobi ne na iyalin albasa ne:

• mutane ne daura da ganye.

• bisexual furanni tare da calyx da corolla.

• bushe, a wani nau'i na wani akwatin, wani 'ya'yan itace-tsenokarpy.

• kananan m lumpy tsaba.

Albasa - da iyali da ya hada da 86 danginsu da kuma game da 2000 jinsunan.

baza

Wadannan shuke-shuke girma a duniya ta nahiyoyi unevenly. Mafi yawansu da ake samu a cikin gabashi da tsakiyar nahiyar Asiya, kazalika a cikin Rum kasashe. Dukan wakilan albasa za a iya samu a cikin gandun daji da kuma steppes, Hamada da kuma tundra. Daya daga cikin jinsunan wannan iyali - zvezchatka rarrafe - ko da an samu high a duwãtsu (6000 m).

A tsarin da flower

The iyali na albasa, ko kuma wajen, ta wakilai da ya bambanta a su beaters da biyar ko hudu petals. Stamens a kowane daga cikinsu ne yawanci 8-10. Suna located in biyu akai-akai 4-5 inji mai kwakwalwa. A kwai wata flower da yawa saman syamezachatkami a kowane gida. A mafi yawan lokuta, furanni ne mambobi ne na iyalin albasa protandrichny. Wannan shi ne, hirtsinta a su aka zuba girma a baya fiye da stigma.

Nectar daga furanni ne yawanci yalwatacce. Suna pollinated by ƙudan zuma, malam, da sauransu. D. A siffar da furanni na iyali albasa a mafi yawan lokuta suna yada, sabili da haka ba su qware ga pollination wasu takamaiman kwari.

rarrabuwa

Duk da albasa F. Pax tsarin za a iya subdivided cikin uku manyan subfamilies:

• paronihievye.

• smolevkovye.

• alsinovye.

Su za su iya bambanta da rashi ko gaban stipules ko flower tsarin.

Albasa iyali: abubuwan da kasa tattalin arzikin

Albasa za a iya amfani da:

• kamar yadda ornamental shuke-shuke.

• a hukuma da kuma jama'a magani.

• kamar yadda musanya ga sabulu.

• kamar yadda feed don dabbobi.

Albasa - iyali, wanda ya hada da hada da weeds, wadda dole jãyayya da namo daban-daban irin noma da ornamental amfanin gona. Sun zama a cikin daji da kuma m jinsunan Caryophyllaceae.

The iyali na albasa: wakilan da na ado darajar

Mutane da yawa jinsunan Caryophyllaceae iyali cikin gidãjen Aljanna da gonaki girma for quite lokaci mai tsawo. Mafi mashahuri ado albasa iya hada da, misali, daga cikin danginsu da kuma Saponaria campion. Sau da yawa sosai a cikin kewayen birni yankunan za a iya gani a matsayin kyau da kuma gerbils minuartia.

Soapwort (Saponaria): Janar description

A babban alama wannan HALITTAR ne unpretentious da kuma wajen babban ado quality. Mai mylnyanok, saboda wadannan tsire-tsire ne m, girma a kan mai tsayi tuddai. Saponaria tseren yana da fiye da 30 jinsuna daban.

Saponaria officinalis har kwanan nan za a iya gani a kusan duk gõnaki da gonaki. A yau shi ne mai shuka na iyali albasa rasa wasu daga da shahararsa. A dukan aya ne ta ƙara ikon rutin. Wannan shimfida ado (da miyagun ƙwayoyi) al'adun kusan nan take, kuma, saboda haka, sosai da sauri jũya a cikin wani sako.

Mafi mashahuri wakilin wannan irin yau ne wani saponaria - bazilikolistnaya. A cikin daji, da shuka ke tsiro, yafi a duwatsun yammacin Turai. Harbe saponaria bazilikolistnaya kwana siffofin da launi na furanni ne mai haske ruwan hoda. Don kula da wannan shuka, kazalika ga dukkan mambobin halittar, shi ne mai sauqi. Duk da haka, don adana da Compactness mylnjanki bazilikolistnuyu bukatar bayan sake flowering (marigayi rani) yanka ta a na uku tsawo.

Sau da yawa sosai a cikin gidãjen Aljanna da kuma gonaki Rasha truckers kuma za a iya gani mylnjanki turfy. Home to wannan nau'in ne Pyrenees. Flowers a cikin wannan m (5-6 cm), da shuke-shuke da kyau sosai m launi.

All mylnjanki sama zai iya girma a wuri guda domin shekaru masu yawa. Wani musamman shirye-shiryen na gona, wadannan tsire-tsire ba sa bukatar. Duk da haka, wurin karkashin su ya kamata a zabi wani m, dagagge. Very nice shirya wani gado da kuma magudanun ruwa.

Campion (Silene): rarrabe siffofin

Shi ne kuma shahara tsakanin masu bazara cottages tseren albasa, tare da fiye da 400 jinsunan. Campion amfani da yafi a kananan flower gadaje da kuma rockery. Mafi na kowa memba na wannan HALITTAR ne Silene seaside. Wannan wajen low shuka (har zuwa 25 cm) Forms hump a kan wani gado ko mai ban sha'awa da kuma kyakkyawan blue-m "matashin kai." Campion blooms kusan duk lokacin rani seaside. Iri da kuma siffofin da shi ya zuwa yanzu nuna kadan. za ka iya zabi wani iri-iri tare da fararen furanni ko ruwan hoda for your lambu.

Silene mai tsayi - kuma quite wani m memba na HALITTAR - siffofin friable "matashi" har zuwa 20 cm ne musamman da kyau shi ne dauke da wani nau'i tare da biyu furanni lush .. Har ila yau, wani lokacin lambu suna girma a kan ta kewayen birni yankunan campion acaulescent, Argos, da kuma siffar kantzinskogo.

Description albasa Campion (Lychnis)

Wannan na kowa tseren ma bambanta quite high ado halaye. Yana hada da wani 35 iri, amma mafi mashahuri ne da wakilan Campion Arkwright da kuma kambi. A farko daji Forms m tsawo na 35-40 cm da kuma so lambu showy orange-ja furanni, wanda diamita iya zama har zuwa 3 cm.

Campion kambi - wannan shi ne wani herbaceous shuka na iyali Caryophyllaceae, har ma da ikon girma a kan m kasa. A tsawo da shi na iya kai 45-90 cm. A launi na furanni a cikin wannan irin wakilin Campion iya zama fari, ko ruwan hoda.

Gerbils (Arenaria) da kuma minuartia (Minuartia)

Wakilai daga wadannan danginsu suna kama da juna. Don irin wannan har suka sukan ko gauraye da juna. A mafi mashahuri ne da dutsen gerbil. Wannan inji iya isa 10 cm tsawo da kuma girma har zuwa 50 cm a fadin. Flowers a gerbil dutsen fari, manyan.

Mafi na kowa ne minuartia mozhzhevelolistnaya. Wannan m shuka kai a tsawo na kawai 15 cm da kyau kwarai a kama guda amfanin gona, ko a hade da wasu ornamental amfanin gona, msl, furen karnesha ko mai tsayi ferns. Inflorescence a minuartia mozhzhevelolistnoy racemes, da kuma nuna ganye.

magani jinsunan

Albasa - iyali, da yawa wanda za a iya amfani da ciki har da a jama'a da hukuma magani. Da farko shuke-shuke, kamar:

• Kolyuchelistnik.

• Gryzhnik santsi.

• Mambobin halittar Gypsophila.

Amfani da warkar da dukan cuce-cucen, wadannan tsire-tsire ne saboda babban abun ciki a cikin su tsokoki physiologically aiki abubuwa: alkaloids, flavonoids, bitamin, saponins, muhimmanci mai da Organic acid.

Kolyuchelistnik (Acanthophyllum): Description

Family albasa daban-daban adaptability zuwa iri-iri na muhalli da yanayi. Girma cikin wakilan suna ciki har da na Shefela. Shi ne a kan wuraren tsafi za a iya samu magani kolyuchelistnik. A rarrabe da wannan shuka shi ne rashi na kara. Bar Acanthophyllum zira kwallon, prickly a garesu, tattara a cikin kanti (40-50 cm a diamita). A tsakiyar shi ne na karshe Inflorescence kwandon a kasa na wanda aka a haɗe tubular furanni.

Tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi da za a yi amfani da m kawai da fleshy tushen kolyuchelistnika. A cikinsu, a cikin wasu abubuwa, dauke da muhimmanci mai, tannins, insulin, resinous abu. Jiko iya gudanar domin magani kolyuchelistnika helminthiasis (dabbobi), zubar da chiriev matsayin diuretic da anti-mai kumburi wakili.

Gryzhnik santsi: cewa shuka?

Wannan groundcover perennial ma kunshe a cikin iyali na albasa. Hotuna za a iya gani a kasa. Its sumul takun mai tushe gaba ɗaya rufe da kananan m ganye, a cikin axils na wanda tattara bukukuwa na kankanin rawaya furanni. A cikin daji, herniaria glabra tsiro, yafi a kan makiyaya, m wastelands da kuma gefen titi.

Amfani infusions da decoctions na ganye nondescript wannan na iya zama a tari, jaundice, cututtuka na mafitsara da kuma kodan. Su kuma za a iya amfani da baho for bad ƙunci raunuka.

Rhode Gypsophila

Wani sunan ga wannan irin - baby ta numfashi. Wannan ne mai matukar kowa shuka na iyali Caryophyllaceae. A halin yanzu, akwai game da 150 jinsunan wannan HALITTAR. Amma, ba shakka, ba dukan su ba suna da magani. Mafi sau da yawa, domin warkar da dukan cuce-cucen amfani Gypsophila paniculata. Yana da wani perennial herbaceous shuka tare da dogon rhizomes da leafy bulbous kara. A cikin daji, Gypsophila paniculata tsiro a Yammacin Siberia, Central Asia da kuma a Turai na Rasha. Its kore sassa za a iya amfani da a matsayin antimicrobial, analgesic, laxative ko emetic. Har ila yau, jiko na wannan ganye ne sau da yawa amfani ga zafi a cikin hanta yankin.

weeds

Ƙara mawuyaci ga girma daban-daban iri iri na aikin gona da kuma horticultural amfanin gona ne da yawa mambobi ne na iyalin Caryophyllaceae. Amma mafi pernicious sako ne chickweed, ko itace ƙwarƙwata. A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar da shuka ne kawai 40 kwana. Kuma haka domin kakar, shi zai iya daina zuwa 3 zamaninsu. Ƙananan ɓangare na mai tushe woodlice, kuma shi ne mai sauki fada seedlings overwinter da kwalfar a farkon spring nan da nan bayan da snow narke. Tsaba bayan flowering, kowace shuka iya samar da har zuwa 25 dubu. A daidai wannan lokaci da suke riƙe germination har zuwa shekaru 8.

m albasa

Mafi shahara shuke-shuke na wannan kungiya, shi ne masara-cockle. Wannan shi ne fairly na kowa sako yana da dogon taproot. Da kara yana da isasshen high (har zuwa 1 m), nodose, dan kadan branched. A ganye ne kunkuntar da kuma kaifi cockle da furanni - guda purple-ja. Green taro na shuka ne wani hadari ga mutane da dabbobi da kiwon lafiya ne ba. Da zarar tsaba ne m tsana.

forage ciyawa

A cikin makiyaya natsuwa da matakan girma da dama wakilan da albasa. Kusan dukkan su za a iya ci da 'ya'yan dabbõbi. Duk da haka, mafi girma da darajar a matsayin fodder shuke-shuke har yanzu suna Dianthus deltoides da myagkovolosnik ruwa. Na farko shi ne a perennial ganye a tsawo da kuma 45 cm tare da m dogon ganye. Mai tushe na wannan nau'in na iya zama na biyu iri iri. Netsvetonosnye densely oblistveny. A daidai wannan lokaci ne ya yi tsayi, ba su girma. Flowering iya zama sosai high kuma a cikin sama ɓangare branched a cokali mai yatsa. Propagated Dianthus deltoides tsaba. Yana tsiro yawanci a kan stony wastelands, a grassy thickets, natsuwa da filayen.

Myagkovolosnik ruwa - m fodder ciyawa iyali Caryophyllaceae - shi ne mai perennial shuka, da tsawo daga wanda zai iya zama 20-70 cm mai tushe a cikin sama ɓangare tare da hairs, kuma a kasa -. Glabrous. Bar myagkovolosnika ovoid kuma inflorescences ne Semiumbels. Karkashin yanayi, wannan shuka da aka samu a Turai na Rasha, da Caucasus, Central Asia, da Far East, Siberia.

Wannan sama fasalin damar da iyali albasa hukunta su kamar yadda kasancewa sosai da amfani ga kasa tattalin arziki. Hakika, wannan kungiyar hada har da weeds, kuma ko da m shuke-shuke. Duk da haka, da yawa albasa da darajar da matsayin ornamental shuke-shuke da cewa zai iya zama mai real ado na farfajiyar, gõnaki da titunan birnin, da kuma yadda magani da kuma yadda fodder.