Ytterbium fiber Laser: da na'ura, da aiki da ka'ida, da iko, samar, amfani

Fiber lasers ne m, kuma m, m, kuma sauki watsa jawo zafin rana. Sun zo a cikin daban-daban da kuma ciwon mai yawa ya yi tare da lasers wasu nau'ikan da nasu musamman abũbuwan amfãni.

Fiber lasers: aiki

Na'urorin na irin wannan ne misali bambancin da m-jihar tushen jiwuwa radiation daga fiber, maimakon sanda aiki m, wani farantin ko Disc. The haske generated da dopant a tsakiyar rabo daga fiber. Ainihin tsari, zai iya Range daga sauki ga quite hadaddun. Ytterbium fiber Laser na'ura irin wannan cewa fiber yana da babban surface to girma rabo, don haka da kadan za a iya diffused gwada da sauƙi.

Fiber lasers an pumped optically, sau da yawa tare da taimakon diode lasers, amma a wasu lokuta - wannan kafofin. Kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta a yi amfani da wadannan tsarin yawanci wakiltar na gani aka gyara, a cikinsa ya fi ko dukkan su suna da alaka da juna. A wasu lokuta, mai girma kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta, da kuma wani lokacin ciki Tantancewar fiber tsarin da aka hada tare da wani waje girma kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta.

A diode famfo tushen iya zama diode tsararru, ko da wani jam'i na mutum diodes, wanda kowannensu yana da alaka da connector fiber na gani waveguide. Doped fiber a kowane karshen yana da wani madubi rami resonator - a yi sa fiber Bragg grating. A iyakar girma kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta da, idan ba kawai fitarwa katako ya shiga wani abu, wanin fiber. The haske jagora iya juya sabõda haka, idan so da Laser rami iya samun wani tsawon mitoci da dama.

binuclear

Structure zaruruwa amfani a fiber lasers, yana da muhimmanci. Mafi na kowa ne lissafi na wani dual-core tsarin. Undoped m core (wani lokacin ake magana a kai a matsayin intima) pumped tattara haske da fuskantar da shi tare da zare. Kara kuzari radiation generated a cikin fiber wuce ta ciki core, wanda shi ne sau da yawa guda yanayin. A ciki core ƙunshi wani ƙari ytterbium, kara kuzari da famfo haske. Akwai da yawa siffofin noncircular m core ciki har da - kyakkyawan, D-dimbin yawa da kuma rectangular, rage yiwuwar kuskure hasken katako a cikin tsakiyar core.

A fiber Laser iya samun wani karshen ko gefen famfo. A cikin farko idan haske daga daya ko fiye kafofin shiga cikin fiber karshen. Lokacin da gefen famfo haske aka kawota zuwa splitter wanda ciyarwa da shi cikin matsanancin core. Wannan ya bambanta daga Laser sanda inda hasken shiga perpendicular zuwa axis.

Domin irin wannan hukunci na bukatar mai yawa tsarin aukuwa. Babba hankali ne ya biya zuwa rungumar famfo haske a cikin zuciyar don samar da wata alƙarya inversion, abu don kara kuzari watsi a ciki core. Laser core iya samun sãɓãwar launukansa digiri na karawa a fiber dangane da doping, kazalika a kan ta tsawon. Wadannan dalilai an saita a matsayin mai zane injiniya ga bukata sigogi.

Ikon iyaka na iya faruwa, musamman a lokacin da aiki a cikin guda-yanayin fiber. Irin wannan cibiya yana da matukar kananan giciye-bangaranci yankin, kuma a sakamakon wuce therethrough hasken sosai babban tsanani. A lokacin da wannan ne mafi zama pronounced ba mikakke Brillouin watsi, wanda ya takaita ikon fitarwa na da dubban watts. Idan fitarwa ne high isa, da fiber karshen za su iya lalacewa.

Musamman fiber lasers

A amfani da fiber a matsayin aiki ruwa ba mafi girma hulda tsawon, wanda aiki da kyau idan diode famfo. Wannan lissafi sakamakon a wani babban hira yadda ya dace da photons, kazalika da abin dogara da kuma m yi, a cikin abin da babu mai hankali kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta, bukata gyara ko jeri.

A fiber Laser, wadda na'ura damar da shi zuwa daidaita da kyau, za a iya maida shi musamman domin waldi na lokacin farin ciki karfe zanen gado da kuma samar da femtosecond hatsaisai. Fiber-na gani amplifiers samar da guda-izinin riba da ake amfani da harkokin sadarwa, kamar yadda suka iya fadada yawa wavelengths lokaci guda. A wannan riba da ake amfani a ikon amplifiers tare da wani maigida oscillator. A wasu lokuta, da amfilifa za a iya sarrafa tare da ci gaba da kalaman Laser.

Wani misali shi ne tushen maras wata-wata watsi daga fiber-ƙarfafa, a cikin abin da kara kuzari watsi da aka mur. Wani misali shi ne a Raman fiber Laser hade tare da ƙara watsawa, ma karfi zango. An samu aikace-aikace a gudanar da bincike, inda ta hade da tsara da kuma karawa ta amfani da wani fluoride gilashi maimakon misali silica zaruruwa.

Duk da haka, kullum, zaruruwa sanya na silica gilashin da rare-duniya dopant a cikin zuciyar. Ainihin Additives ne ytterbium da erbium. Ytterbium yana wavelengths daga 1030 zuwa 1080 nm, da kuma iya fitarwa na maniyyi a kan wani m kewayon. A amfani da 940-nm diode famfo muhimmanci rage da kasawa na photons. Ytterbium yana da ba a kai-quenching effects, wanda suke a neodymium a high yawa, don haka na karshen da aka yi amfani da girma lasers da ytterbium - a fiber (su biyu samar game da wannan zango).

Erbium fitarda a cikin kewayon 1530-1620 nm, a wani hadari ga idanu. A mita za a iya ninki biyu don samar da haske a 780 nm, wanda shi ne ba samuwa ga wasu iri fiber lasers. A karshe, ytterbium za a iya kara zuwa erbium haka da cewa kashi zai sha famfo radiation da kuma aika da wannan makamashi don erbium. Thulium - wani dopant zuwa watsi a kusa da infrared yankin, wanda ta haka ne hadari ga ido hotuna.

high dace

A fiber Laser ne a kusan-uku-matakin tsarin. famfo photons da hankali da miƙa mulki daga ƙasa jihar zuwa babba Layer. Laser mulki ne daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci rabo daga cikin manya matakin a daya daga cikin tsaga asa jihohi. Wannan shi ne matukar tasiri: misali, ytterbium-940 nm photon famfo fitarda wani photon da zango na 1030 nm, da kuma jimla aibi (makamashi hasara), kawai game 9%.

A bambanci, neodymium, pumped a 808 nm hasarar game da 24% na makamashi. Saboda haka, ytterbium inherently yana da babban yadda ya dace, ko da yake ba dukkan shi ne achievable saboda asarar wasu daga cikin photons. Yb iya pumped a yawan mita makada, da kuma erbium - zango na 1480 ko 980 nm. A mafi girma mita ne ba kamar yadda tasiri cikin sharuddan aibi photons, amma da amfani, ko da a wannan yanayin, domin a 980 nm, mafi kyau kafofin samuwa.

Overall yadda ya dace da fiber Laser ne sakamakon biyu-mataki tsari. Da fari dai, shi ne yadda ya dace na famfo diode. Semiconductor kafofin na jiwuwa radiation suna tasiri, tare da 50% yadda ya dace tana mayar da wani lantarki alama a cikin wani Tantancewar. A sakamakon awon karatu bayar da shawarar cewa, yana yiwuwa ya isa wani darajar 70% ko fiye. Tare da ya dace fitarwa radiation sha line fiber Laser aka samu da kuma wani babban famfo yadda ya dace.

Abu na biyu, wannan na gani-gani hira yadda ya dace. Lokacin da wani kananan aibi photons iya cimma wani babban mataki na zumudi da kuma hakar yadda ya dace da na gani-gani hira yadda ya dace da 60-70%. A sakamakon yadda ya dace shi ne a cikin kewayon 25-35%.

daban-daban jeri

Fiber jimla m kalaman janareto iya zama guda ko multimode (mai gangara halaye). Singlemode nuna high quality katako ga kayan aiki ko aika wani katako ta cikin sararin sama, da kuma multimode masana'antu fiber lasers zai iya samar da karin iko. Ana amfani da sabon da waldi, da kuma musamman, don zafi magani, inda wani babban yanki ne hasken.

The dogon fiber Laser ne ma kusan-m na'ura yawanci daƙiƙa hatsaisai sa irin. Yawancin lokaci shi ne wajibi sake zagayowar ne 10%. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa sama ganiya ikon fiye da ci gaba da yanayin (yawanci sau goma) cewa aka yi amfani da, misali, ga wani pulsed hakowa. A mita iya zama 500 Hz, dangane da tsawon.

Q-sharuddan sauyawa a fiber lasers ma abubuwa a matsayin a cikin girma. A hankula bugun jini duration ne a cikin kewayon nanoseconds zuwa microseconds. A daina zare, da ya fi tsayi yana daukan ga Q-sharuddan sauyawa na fitarwa radiation, sakamakon shi a ƙara bugun jini.

Fiber Properties ne wasu gazawa a kan Q daidaitowa. A nonlinearity na fiber Laser ne mafi muhimmanci, domin na kananan giciye-bangaranci yankin na core, don haka da cewa ganiya ikon ya zama da ɗan iyaka. Za ka iya amfani da ko dai Q girma sauya, wanda samar da mafi girma yi, ko na gani modulators, wanda aka haɗa zuwa iyakar da aiki part.

Q-switched hatsaisai za a iya Littafi a fiber ko a cikin kogo resonator. An misali na karshen za a iya samu a cikin National Complex kwaikwaiyo na nukiliya gwaje-gwaje (nIdan, Livermore, CA), inda fiber Laser ne master oscillator for 192 bim. Kananan hatsaisai a manyan slabs na gilashi doped Littafi to megajoules.

A fiber lasers da aiki tare maimaitawa mita dogara a kan tsawon reinforcing abu, kamar yadda a cikin sauran halaye na aiki tare haihuwarka da kuma bugun jini tsawon dogara da ikon inganta kayan da aka samar. A guntu ne a cikin kewayon 50 FS, kuma mafi hankula - a cikin kewayon 100 FS.

Tsakanin ytterbium da erbium fiber, akwai wani muhimmin bambanci, inda suka yi aiki a daban-daban halaye watsawa. Erbium-doped fiber emitting a 1550 nm a wani yankin na anomalous watsawa. Wannan damar solitons. Itterbievye zaruruwa ne a wani tabbatacce ko al'ada watsawa. a sakamakon, sun samar da hatsaisai da mikakke mita daidaitowa furta. A sakamakon Bragg grating shi iya bukatar damfara da bugun jini tsawon.

Akwai hanyoyi da dama don gyara da zare-Laser hatsaisai, musamman ga picosecond ultrafast karatu. Photonic crystal zaruruwa za a iya kerarre da sosai kananan tsakiya domin karfi maras mike effects, kamar for supercontinuum tsara. A bambanci, da photonic lu'ulu'u kuma za a iya kerarre tare da manya-manyan guda-yanayin core domin kauce wa maras mike effects a high iko.

M photonic crystal fiber tare da manyan core halitta aikace-aikace bukata babban iko. Daya daga cikin hanyoyin da yake m lankwasawa na fiber cire duk wani maras so hakan domin halaye yayin da rike wani muhimman hakkokin gangara yanayin. A ba-linearity halitta harmonics. kuma ta subtracting da mita daga nadawa, za ka iya ƙirƙirar wani guntu da kuma ƙara wavelengths. Maras mike effects kuma iya samar da bugun jini matsawa, wadda take kaiwa zuwa bayyanar mita combs.

A supercontinuum source kamar yadda sosai short hatsaisai nuna a ci gaba da bakan ta hanyar zamani daidaitowa. Alal misali, daga cikin na farko 6 Zab hatsaisai a 1050 nm, wanda halitta da ytterbium fiber Laser bakan samu a cikin kewayon daga ultraviolet zuwa fiye da 1600 nm. Wani bincike na IR-pumped erbium-supercontinuum source a zango na 1550 nm.

babban iko

Industry ne a halin yanzu da most mabukaci na fiber lasers. A high bukatar a yanzu tana da ikon tsari na kilowatts amfani a cikin mota masana'antu. Masana'antu na mota ne motsi wajen samar da high-ƙarfi karfe motoci zuwa sadu da bukatun da karko da kuma masu mun gwada da sauki girma man fetur tattalin arziki. Al'ada inji kayan aikin da matukar wuya, misali, Punch ramuka a irin wannan karfe da kuma kafofin da mai jiwuwa radiation yi shi da sauki.

Yankan karfe fiber Laser, idan aka kwatanta da sauran iri jimla janareta yana da yawan abũbuwan amfãni. Alal misali, kusa-infrared waveband da kyau tunawa karafa. Beam za a iya tsĩrar ta hanyar da zare, wanda damar da robot saukin matsawa da mayar da hankali a lokacin da yankan da kuma hakowa.

Tantancewar fiber kosad da mafi bukatun ga ikon. Makamai Amurka Navy, gwada a 2014, ta ƙunshi wani 6-fiber 5.5-kilowatt lasers hade a daya katako da kuma haskakawa, ta hanyar kafa Tantancewar tsarin. 33 kW naúrar aka yi amfani da su kayar da wani unmanned m abin hawa. Ko da yake katako ne ba guda-yanayin, da tsarin shi ne ban sha'awa, kamar yadda shi damar zuwa ƙirƙirar fiber Laser da hannuwansu daga tuta, samuwa sinadaran.

A mafi ikon guda-yanayin jiwuwa haske kafofin na IPG Photonics ne 10 kW. The master oscillator samar da wani Watt na Tantancewar ikon, wacce ake kawota zuwa amfilifa mataki pumped a 1018 nm da hasken sauran fiber lasers. A gaba dayan tsarin yana da girman biyu refrigerators.

A amfani da fiber lasers ma mika wa babban ikon sabon da waldi. Alal misali, sun maye gurbin juriya waldi karfe takardar warware matsalar da nakasawa daga cikin kayan. Ikon kula da sauran sigogi damar taƙamammen sabon masu lankwasa, musamman cikin sasanninta.

A mafi yawan iko multimode fiber Laser - ga yankan karafa daga wannan manufacturer - har zuwa 100 kW. A tsarin dogara ne a kan mai hade da incoherent katako, don haka yana da ba super high quality-masaƙa. Wannan juriya sa fiber lasers m ga masana'antu.

kankare hakowa

Multimode fiber Laser fitarwa na 4 kW za a iya amfani da yankan da kuma kankare hakowa. Me yi da shi? Lokacin da injiniyoyi na kokarin cimma girgizar kasa juriya da data kasance gine-gine, to ya mai da hankali tare da kankare. Lokacin shigar da shi, kamar karfe ƙarfafa al'ada feat. Irfan hakowa iya sa flaws kuma rasa ƙarfi kankare, amma fiber lasers yanka ba tare da crushing shi.

Lasers tare da wani Q-switched fiber amfani da misali saboda lakabtawa ko a yi na semiconductor lantarki. Suna kuma amfani da kewayon finders: kayayyaki ne size of hannu dauke da ido-lafiya fiber lasers wanda fitarwa ne 4 kW, da mita 50 kHz da kuma bugun jini duration na 5-15 ns.

surface jiyya

Akwai babban amfani a cikin kananan fiber lasers for micro kuma nanoprocessing. Lokacin da cire surface Layer, idan bugun jini duration ne ya fi guntu fiye da 35 Zab, babu spraying abu. Wannan ya hana samuwar dimples da kuma sauran a ke so kayayyakin gargajiya. A hatsaisai a femtosecond gwamnatin nuna maras mike effects cewa ba su damu da zango da kewaye yankin ne ba mai tsanani, da barin yin aiki ba tare da gwaji lalacewa ko weakening na kewaye. Bugu da ƙari, ramuka iya yanka da wani babban zurfin to nisa - misali, da sauri (a cikin 'yan ƴan daƙiƙa) Kananan ramin 1 mm amfani da wani bakin karfe 800-FS hatsaisai da mita 1 MHz.

Shi ne kuma zai yiwu don samar da surface-bi m kayan, msl, idon mutum. Don yanke wani m at ido microsurgery, femtosecond hatsaisai vysokoaperturnym tam mayar da hankali ruwan tabarau a wata aya da ke ƙasa surface na ido ba tare da haddasa wani lalacewa a kan surface, amma ido da lalata kayan a kan wani sarrafawa zurfin. The m surface na cornea, wanda yana da muhimmanci ga wahayin da ya rage m. The m ne rabu da kasa, sannan za a ja har zuwa surface excimer Laser kafa ruwan tabarau. Sauran likita aikace-aikace sun hada da tiyata m shigar azzakari cikin farji, a dermatology, kazalika da yin amfani da wasu iri Tantancewar jituwar tomography.

femtosecond lasers

Femtosecond lasers a kimiyya amfani da hankali da Laser fashewa spectroscopy, haske spectroscopy da na boko ƙuduri, saboda kuma janar kayan bincike. Bugu da kari, su ake bukata domin samar da femtosecond mita tsefe ake bukata a metrology da kuma janar karatu. Daya daga cikin real aikace-aikace a cikin gajeren lokaci zai zama da atomic agogo na GPS da tauraron dan adam na da wani sabon ƙarni, wanda zai kara da sakawa daidaito.

Single mita fiber Laser aka yi tare da na linewidth na kasa da 1 kHz. Wannan m na'urar da kananan radiation fitarwa iko daga 10 MW zuwa 1W. Sami aikace-aikace a fagen sadarwa, metrology (msl, a fiber gyroscopes) da kuma spectroscopy.

Abin da ke gaba?

Amma ga sauran bincike aikace-aikace, shi ne har yanzu da yawa daga cikinsu suna karatu. Alal misali, soja injiniya, wanda za a iya amfani da a wasu yankunan, wadda ta ƙunshi a hada a fiber-Laser bim ya sami wani babban katako ta amfani da mai jiwuwa, ko na hade. A sakamakon haka, mafi ikon da aka cimma a guda-yanayin masaƙa.

Production na fiber lasers da aka girma cikin sauri, musamman ma ga masana'antu na mota bukatun. Har ila yau, akwai wani canji na ba-fibrous fiber na'urorin. Bugu da kari ga general inganta a kudin da yi, akwai karin m femtosecond lasers da supercontinuum kafofin. Fiber lasers zauna mafi maharibai da kuma zama wani tushen kyautata ga sauran iri lasers.