A Duke na Alba: biography

Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Duke na Alba, wanda biography gaya mai yawa ban sha'awa facts game da rayuwarsa da kuma aiki, da aka haife shi a 1507,. Shi ne mai sanannun Spanish general, kazalika da m dattaku. Sabili da zaluntar da aka yi wa lakabi "Iron Duke".

Ƙananan yara da kuma matasa na nan gaba na jini Duke

Fernando De Toledo aka haife kan Oktoba 29, 1508 a daya daga cikin tsofaffin kuma mafi daraja daraja iyalan Spain. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin da Alvarez de Toledo ya har yanzu matasa shekaru, to, shi da aka kawo har da wani m kakan. Ya sanya kowane kokarin girma daga wani yaro zuwa wani mabiyin Katolika, da aminci baran sarki, da kuma wani tarbiyya soja. A cikin shekaru goma sha shida da shekaru Duke na Alba ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in a cikin kamfen na Sarkin sarakuna Charles V da Faransa.

Tun 1531 Fernando ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ayyukan da ta Turks. Bugu da ƙari, ya aka ciyar da su janar bayan shekaru biyu da kuma bambanta kansa a lokacin kewaye da Tunis a shekara ta 1535. Bayan kare Perpignan daga Faransa hari a 1542-m, ya aka nada by Charles na biyar soja da shawara ga wanda zai gaje shi, Philippe.

A mafi yawan sanannun fadace-fadace na kwanan

A Duke na Alba ya umarci sojan doki, wanda sun fi mayar da gudummawar da na sarki nasarar Mühlberg a 1547. Kuma bayan shekaru biyar, Fernando Alvarez dauki kan sauran umurnin da Spanish sojojin a Italiya. Duk da haka, Duke iya hana shan kashi na na sarki sojojin, kamar yadda wani sakamako na wannan ya kai ga abdication na sarki a 1556.

Philip II, ya zama Sarki na Spain, Fernando de Toledo, nada gwamnan Milan, kazalika da shugaban sojoji na Italiya. Akwai da Duke na Alba yaki a yaƙi da papal sojojin Paul na huxu, wanda ya zama Majibinci na Faransa, a shugaban dubu goma sha biyu Spanish sojoji. Duk da yake guje wa wani kai tsaye kai hari a kan Roma, cẽwa bãbu abin maimaitawa 1527.

A abin zamba na Paparoma, ko da cikakken nasarar Fernando

Dad nuna kamar cewa karfafa adawar zuwa tsagaita wuta, suna begen cewa wannan lokaci za su cim tare da sojojin Faransa, amma Spain ta kãma su, ya kuma ɗibge a Battle of San Quentin. Kuma ba tare da goyon bayan sa ran sojojin papal sojojin suka ci. Fernando Alvarez sa Paparoma ya yarda da duniya a 1557, wanda bayar da Spanish mamayar a Italiya na fiye da shekara ɗari.

A wannan shekara tsakanin wadanada na Spain da kuma Faransa a tsagaita wuta da aka rattaba hannu a Cateau-Cambrésis. Duk da yake dade wannan kwangila, da Italian sashin kasance a cikin wani shafe tsawon jihar da hutawa. Kuma na gaba gagarumin mataki a cikin tarihinsa daga cikin shahararrun Fernando - a yaƙin neman zaɓe na Duke na Alba a 1567 da kuma ta m mulki a cikin Netherlands, wanda ya bar mai zurfi alama a tarihi saboda keta da jini events.

Kazamin ayyukansu daga cikin shahararrun Duke

A watan Agusta, 1566 da Netherlands da aka Iconoclastic tawaye, a lokacin da aka sace ko halakar da ba kawai da yawan gidajen ibada, amma kuma majami'u da kuma Katolika mutummutumai. Don warware matsalolin yakin da addini al'amurran da suka shafi Korol Filipp II aika Fernando jagoranci wani zaži sojojin a Netherlands. Akwai da Duke na Alba, wanda biography yana faɗaɗa kan wannan lokacin, bar a mafi jini tunanin.

Fernando shiga cikin ƙasa na Brussels Agusta 22, 1567, kuma an nada shi gwamnan-janar. Kuma a 'yan kwanaki bayan da ya kafa da "Blood Council" to kashe karkatacciyar koyarwa da kuma tawaye. Wannan majalisar tana aiki tare da tsaurara austerity. Ko da biyu daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da kuma shahararrun shugabannin kasar, jadawalai, surori na Flemish nobility, Egmont kuma Kakakin, aka kama shi kuma sa on fitina. suka baya hukuncin kisa.

A sabon haraji tsarin

Har ila yau, kisan da aka hõre fiye da dubu maza na duk darajõji, kuma da yawa suka gudu a kasashen waje don dalilan tsaro. Dukan waɗanda kaso, kashe Yuni 5, 1568 a Town Hall Square a Brussels. A Duke na Alba tare da m hali, ya kasance ba tabbata a Flemish adalci. Ya gan shi a matsayin wani juyayi ga kare kansu. Saboda haka, Fernando Alvarez fĩfĩta kisa a lokacin da da yawa shaidu.

Maintenance na da sojoji a Flanders ya kunsa gagarumin tattalin arziki halin kaka. Kuma da na jini Duke na Alba yanke shawarar gabatar da wani sabon tsari na haraji a cikin Benelux kasashe, tushen yafi a kan Spanish haraji tsarin a wani kudi na goma da cent a kan kowane canja kaya. Mutane da yawa na lardin a lokacin saye hanya a kan wani daya-lokaci biyan bashin, ya fara nuna damuwa mai zurfi a wannan batun, cewa ci gaba da Benelux kasashen da aka gurgunta.

Rangwamen na biyan haraji, ko 'yan tawayen tawaye

Wasu mazauna ki biya "zakar" kamar yadda mai lakabin wannan haraji, da kuma fara wani bore da sauri bazu ko'ina a Netherlands. lakabi da Prince of Orange, William da Silent jawabi Huguenots a Faransa, don haka abin da suka samar da zama dole goyon baya, da kuma fara tallafawa 'yan tawaye. Ya, tare da sojoji daga Faransa na ɗauki wani yawa na yankunan.

A kewaye da Haarlem ne halin da m ayyuka na bangarorin biyu. Ta sauke karatu daga sallama daga cikin birni da kuma asarar game da dubu biyu da mutane. Saboda da dogon soja kamfen da m danniya na 'yan tawaye' yan asalin wanda ya ciyar da Duke na Alba, da Netherlands kulla shi da sunan barkwanci "Iron Duke".

Masa suna da aka yi amfani da farfaganda daga cikin maharan da kuma kara tasiri a kan anti-Spanish jin zuciya. Fernando zauna rare a cikin Spanish sojojin, wanda ya ba su yi shakka guda minti daya, iya ko da yaushe daidai tsammani da yanayi na mutane.

A koma Spain, ko na karshe shekaru ransa

A duk da gudana tashin, halin da ake ciki a Netherlands ne ba a cikin ni'imar Spain. Bayan da yawa danniya, wanda ya dauki tsawon shekaru biyar, game da dubu biyar hukuncin kisa da kuma m gunaguni Philip II yanke shawarar sassauta halin da ake ciki ta hanyar kyale Fernando de Toledo, to komawa zuwa Spain.

Duke tanã gudãna daga Holland, har yanzu an tsãge ta kawo karshen tawayen, Disamba 18, 1573. A ya koma Spain, Fernando samu kansa daga ni'ima tare da sarki. Duk da haka, shekara bakwai daga baya, da Filibus II izini da ci daga Portugal a gare shi.

Fernando Alvarez aure a 1527 dan uwansa Maria Enrique de Toledo. Daga wannan aure ya bar hudu magada: Garcia, Fadrique, Diego kuma Beatriz. Akwai kuma shirin da shaida, cewa ta farko da yaro da aka haife daga kãmun kai, wanda aka haifa daga 'yar wani Miller.

A Duke na Alba, wani photo na wanda, ba shakka, kadan da aka sani da wani mutum talakawa, amma saba da duk wani tarihi wanda ke karanta tarihin rayuwa da shahararren mutane, ya mutu a Lisbon a ranar 11 ga Disamba 1582. Fernando saura aka canjawa wuri zuwa Alba de Tormes, aka binne shi a cikin sufi na San Leonardo.