A iyakar Norway da kuma Rasha: Tarihi da kuma wayewar

Borders, da karya su a duk sau kasance cikin hanyar yaƙe-yaƙe. Daga lokacin Kievan Rus, ta kyau makwabtakar da sauran kasashe da mulkoki sau da yawa girmama matsayin rusichi kansu da kuma sauran mutane.

An ba sau da yawa za ka iya saduwa da mai tsawo da kuma karfi da dangantaka a tsakanin kasashen biyu, amma shi ne irin nasaba Rasha da kuma Norway. Da kusanci na wadannan jihohi biyu da wuya ke bayan wani m jayayya. Hujja da wannan shi ne iyakar Norway da kuma Rasha, da 190-tunawa da cika shekara wanda aka yi bikin a watan Mayu shekara ta 2016.

A tarihin dangantakar dake tsakanin Norway da kuma Rasha

Vikings kira Kievan Rus Norwegians, Danes da Swedes. An fara daga 10th karni, sun kasance wani ɓangare na "baƙi" na matasa jihar, kamar yadda aka sau da yawa kammala dynastic aure tsakanin sarauta dauloli. Alal misali, Yaroslav Mudry ya ba da 'yar Elizabeth ga Norwegian King Harald, popularly kira a matsayin "karaya". Ya aka yi aure da 'yar Swedish King Olaf.

Norman squads sun shugabannin Kiev suka yi yaƙi da su gāba da Pechenegs, kuma ko da ya tafi zuwa ga Rum. Da dama daga cikinsu sun taba zauna a Novgorod, Kiev, Chernigov da kuma sauran ƙasashe, da kuma assimilated da ke yankin. Saboda haka tarihi samo asali ƙarni-tsohon zumuncin da ke tsakanin Norway da kuma Rasha.

Canje-canje ga Norwegian iyakar Kievan Rus

A wannan lokacin, kan iyakoki, sau da yawa canza su kan iyakoki, a dangane da nasara ko ba soja kamfen, suka "aka koma" kamar yadda wani bikin aure kyauta. Alal misali, har zuwa tsakiyar 11th karni iyakar tsakanin Rasha da kuma Norway ya faru a kan Lyngen Fjord, 50 km kara zuwa gabas na zamani garin Tromsø. A wannan Yaroslav Mudry a matsayin sadakin 'yarsa, ya ba su dukan kewaye ƙasar ga Alta Fjord (yanzu lardin Finnmark).

Similar bikin aure na ƙonawa da aka yarda a duk Turai sarauta dauloli, don haka da cewa karuwa a cikin ƙasa na makwabtaka da kasar a kudi na ƙasarsu ba quirk na Grand Duke.

Wannan iyakar Norway da kuma Rasha ya kasance har sai da tsakiyar 13th karni, yayin da Alexander Nevsky, wanda a daban-daban sau sarauta a Novgorod, da Kiev, sa'an nan a cikin Vladimir, ba "tura" wani ɓangare na ƙasa a cikin ni'imar da arewacin makwabcin. An data kasance line, ya fadada Tanaforda.

Tun 1397 Norway ya zama wani ɓangare na Kalmar Union, wanda shi ne a karkashin sirri mulkin Danish sarakuna, da kuma iyakar kamar yadda aka kafa tsakanin Rasha da kuma Unia. Ba sai 1523, yayin da kungiyar ta ba a karya up saboda rashin biyan bukata da Sweden.

Rasha-Norwegian iyaka daga 17 zuwa 19 karni

A 1603, canje-canje sun faruwa a iyakar tsakanin kasashen biyu, kamar yadda aka amince da tsakanin Boris Godunov da Kirista 4, sarki na Denmark da Norway (1577-1648 shekaru). A cewar shi, wani sabon layin ya da za a gudanar Kola lebe da kuma Tanafordom a kan Varanger Fjord (Bay na Barents Sea, wanda ya raba da sashin na masunta da kuma Norwegian Varanger Larabawa).

Amma kamar yadda na kwana a Rasha sun m, da kuma Sarkin aka zarar kashe, cikin yarjejeniyar ba a sanya hannu. Don shi ne kawai koma a 1684, amma da sharuddan da rabuwa da iyaka da shi an maye gurbinsu da sababbi. A cewar shi, Rasha da kuma Norway suna da daidaita hakkoki a kan ta Kola Larabawa da kuma sauran jayayya ƙasar.

Saboda haka, kasashen biyu sun mallakar wadannan yankuna da kuma tattara haraji a can, amma babu wani daga cikinsu ba ya so ya ci gaba su tsanani. Kuma ci gaba kamar yadda 130 years old, yayin da Norway ya ba fita daga kwamitin da Danish kuma zo karkashin mulkin Sweden.

Daga 1814 zuwa 1826 ya ci gaba da rashin tabbas a waɗannan ƙasashe, a matsayin hukuma kan iyaka na Norway da kuma Rasha ya ba da aka kafa.

kwangila 1826

Wannan yarjejeniya ne sakamakon babban aikin yi da wakilan kasashen biyu. A cewar shi, ƙasar da ya dade a na kowa amfani, ya tashi Norway. Wahala ne da farko halayyarsu, saboda a wannan yankuna al'ada zaune faduwa, kuma Skolt Sami.

Yana buƙatar cewa kan iyaka, tsakanin Rasha da kuma Norway ya dauka la'akari da bukatun kowanne al'umma:

• Lapps ƙarni masunta;
• Sami, wanda ya rayu a cikin duwatsu, tsunduma a reindeer herding.
• Skolt ba ya so ya bar su Orthodox majami'u gina ta kakanninsu shekaru 300 da suka wuce.

Kusan a shekara ya fita don ya yi la'akari da dukkan bukatu da kuma May 14, 1826 daftarin aiki mai suna "Yarjejeniyar kan jihar iyakar da ke tsakanin Rasha da kuma Norway a churchyards Lapland" aka sanya hannu a St. Petersburg, Count Nesselrode daga Rasha da kuma Niels Palmstierna, Swedish-Norwegian jakadan.

A shirya daftarin aiki Wani wahala shi ne iyakar Finland.

Border daga Finland

Mafi yawa daga cikin aikin a kan rabuwa da Norwegian-Rasha kan iyaka da Valerian Galyamin Laftanar Kanar na Rasha sojojin, memba na Turkish yaki, da artist da kuma darektan da na mallaka ain Factory.

Daga shi da ake bukata ba kawai da basira kamar yadda mai zane su kusantar da wani sabon Mezhuyev a kan taswira tsakanin kasashen biyu, amma kuma diplomasiyya basira kazalika da gindaya na dauke da moriyar kasashen uku.

Border na Rasha, Norway, Finland, wadda yana daga cikin daular, aka za'ayi a wurare da dama. A cikin Rasha gefen shi ya wuce daga bakin kogi don ta source vorem da kuma kara yamma zuwa Church of Boris da Gleb, sa'an nan kudu tare da kogin zuwa Rayyakoski Paz.

A Finland (kudancin kan iyakar) ne wuya a kai wurare na tashar tsagi ta hanyar da dama tuddai, koguna da tabkuna da duwãtsu Kolmizoyve-Madakiedsa ci gaba da zuwa mahaɗar tsakãninsu Skaareiok inflow na kogin Tana.

A iyakar nufi shi ya kasance wani yanki inda ko da a cikin 1751 g scripting iyaka tsakanin Norway da Duke na Finland. Bãya gare shi da aka a baya m ƙasar Lapland. A wannan nau'i iyakar dade har zuwa karni na 20th.

Canje-canje a cikin karni na 20th

A cikin karni na 20th iyakar Norway da kuma Rasha sau da yawa canza ta siffar, kuma wannan ya hade da soja da kuma siyasa da suka faru, wanda wannan lokaci da aka cikakken. Yana iya a lura da canji a cikin iyakokin wadannan lokaci lokaci:

• Daga 1920 zuwa 1944 ya kafa Norwegian-Finnish iyaka dangane da janyewar Finland daga Rasha ƙare a 1918 da kuma ta annexation na Petsamo gundumar.
• sabon kwangila da kuma gudanar Soviet-Norwegian iyakar da aka sa hannu a shekarar 1947 da kuma shekarar 1949, bi da bi.
• Tun shekarar 1991, Norway yana da wani kan iyaka, da Rasha, wanda Mulki aka gane bayan da Tarayyar Soviet auka.
• An yarjejeniya a kan delimitation na Barents Sea da kuma Arctic Ocean tsakanin kasashen biyu da aka kulla a shekarar 1993 da kuma 2011.

Idan ƙasar a Rasha-Norwegian iyaka ne mai sauki, da rabuwa da jihar teku domin kusan shekaru 80 ya kasance rigima.

Maritime iyaka

The jayayya teku iyaka da Rasha - Norway ya bayyana a cikin 1926, lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet ayyana ɓangare na Barents Sea da kuma Arctic Ocean su da ikirarin. Babu wani daga wannan iyakar ba a gane ba, amma don yin yaki domin shi ma, ba ya so ya.

Yana da aka kama 175.000 km ² Norwegian ruwa, kuma shi ya sa dangantakar tsakanin kasashen biyu rauni. A shekarar 1976, Norway ta yanke shawarar ba ya jinkirta, kuma ma da ikirarin ayyana wadannan yankuna su.

Abinda ya iya ya rage siga halin da ake ciki - shi ne wata yarjejeniya a kan hadin gwiwa da yin amfani da jayayya ƙasa a cikin kamfanonin kamun kifi. Duk wani yanki ko mai arzikin man fetur aiki a wadannan wurare da aka dakatar.

A 2010, wata yarjejeniya da aka kulla tsakanin Rasha da kuma Norway, a karkashin abin da karshen za su dawo da ruwan a cikin Barents Sea da kuma Arctic Ocean.

iyakar yau

A zamaninmu, da tsawon Norwegian-Rasha kan iyaka ne 195,8 a ƙasar da kõguna da 23,3 km daga cikin teku. Girbe a cikin 90s na karni na 20th shinge tsakanin kasashen biyu mayar da sake a shekara ta 2016 da Norway.

Tsaron gida shinge ya zama wani shamaki don shigarwa a cikin Turai labarinka yankin yan gudun hijira.