A majestic duwãtsu Kudancin Amirka. Overview dutsen tsarin Kudancin Amirka

South America domin mu mutane ne kamar yadda m kamar guda kamar Australia, a zahiri, kamar yadda unattainable, m kuma m. A rubuce yake cewa da yawa daga kasada littattafai da kuma cire wannan adadin ba kasa kasada fina-finan. Jungle, birai, alligators, piranhas - duk da wannan dole ne dole ne su kasance ba a mai kyau mataki movie, kuma shi ke da cikakken halayyar South America.

South American dutsen kewayon

Amma ba a iyakance ba zuwa ga irin wannan stereotypical abubuwa ne ba a nahiyar. Daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa Gwargwadon siffofin ne da duwãtsu Kudancin Amirka. Su za a iya bayyana a kalma guda: "mafi kyau." Saboda kusan dukan halaye sun "lashe" da sauran dutsen jeri na duniya. Saboda haka, da South American duwãtsu - mafi tsawo sarkar. Su duka tsawon kai kusan dubu tara kilomita. A lokaci guda suka tafi, ta hanyar da matsakaicin yawan kasashen - suna located in bakwai jihohi.

Kawai da tsawo daga dutsen a kudancin Amirka tsarin zauna na biyu wuri: su ne gaba na Himalayas. Su ne masu cin nasara domin sanin tsororuwar a duniya. Duk da haka, mun lura, shi ne mafi girman dutsen a kudancin Amirka - Aconcagua - sake nan da nan ya bi Everest, amma a lokaci guda kuma shi ne girma ganiya na dukan yammancin duniya. Kuma Aconcagua - shi ne wani dadadden aman wuta a gasar ga tsawo na duk sauran da dutsen wins, tun da hakan aman wuta a duniya ba more. Wannan shi ne mafi girma dutse a kudancin Amirka, da ake located a cikin ƙasa na Argentina, kuma yana da tsawo na kusan bakwai kilomita (6,960 m).

dutsen arziki

Its sunan - Andes - duwãtsu Kudancin Amirka sun samu, za mu iya ce, daga zamanin d Incas. The kalmar "Anta" a cikin harshen nufi "dutsen da jan". A fili, da Incas fiye da sauran ma'adinai mai daraja da wannan karfe, idan haka suna da duwãtsu. Ba wai kawai jan arziki Andes Mountains of South America. Akwai ci gaba da sauran karafa. Daga gare su, gubar, tutiya, da kuza, da ko da vanadium. Kuma sami arziki adibas na daraja karafa - platinum, da zinariya aka mined kuma high quality-emeralds.

A cikin tsaunukan Andes na akwai man fetur da kuma iskar gas filayen (yafi a Venezuela), ko da yake sun kasance ba haka ba gagarumin kamar yadda a Iraki ko Saudi Arabia.

A yanayin rabo daga duwãtsu

South American dutsen iyaka kewaye da nahiyar baki daya daga yamma da kuma arewa. Its nisa ba ma manyan aka kwatanta da tsawon - "kawai" da ɗari uku da kilomita. Amma saboda da babban tsawon na Andes - duwãtsu Kudancin Amirka - yanke shawarar raba cikin da dama sassa, wanda kuma ake kira "gungu." Geographers ne hudu irin wannan "kashi".

Arewa da yamma

A kashi na farko - Northern Andes. A mafi arewacin South America (da tsibirin Trinidad) - wannan shi ne mai gwada da low duwãtsu, tafiya tare da tudu. Su kuma sun hada da mafi girma tsararru Cordillera de Merida, wanda aka located zuwa yamma, kuma an ware tsarin na Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, located riga a kan Pacific Coast. A mafi dutse a kudancin Amirka, a wannan ɓangare na Andes - Cristobal ciwon (5,744 km).

Yammacin Andes gudu a layi daya zuwa tsakiya, kuma, tare da teku, tattara abubuwa masu kyau cikin guda kashin riga a Ekwado. Tsakanin su akwai volcanoes - biyu dadaddun da kuma aiki. Daga cikin su - na biyu mafi girma dutse a kudancin Amirka, (Chimborazo). Wannan ne ma mai aman wuta, kamar Aconcagua, amma a kasa 700 mita. Ga akwai kuma yanzu da mafi m aman wuta - Cotopaxi. Amma tsawo da aka kai da kuma kilomita shida ne.

Ta Kudu da kuma gabas

Eastern Andes, ma, aka alama aiki volcanoes. Ga su ne quite high, amma har yanzu a kasa da Cotopaxi. Ko da yake talakawan ne mafi girman ɓangare na Kudancin Cordillera kuma ake kira da dutsen a kudancin Amirka.

Chilean-Argentine part - narrowest a cikin Andes. A wasu wurare an rage zuwa guda kunya, da ake kira babban Cordillera. Wannan shi ne inda Aconcagua. Ba kasa da rabin ganiya nonon - aiki volcanoes a yau.

Kuma a karshe, kudancin Andes. A wannan ɓangare na babban yankin duwãtsu sake faduwa, kuma mafi shahararren ganiya - kawai uku da rabi kilomita.

Da samuwar da Andes: Past da kuma Present

A talakawan tsawo na kudancin Cordillera, a labarin kasa lissafin - hudu kilomita. Duwatsu ne matasa isa, amma mafi yawansu ba su riga kammala samuwar. Yanzu akwai wani jinkirin ga halaka su. An kara da gaban kusa Pacific Ocean, wanda kusan jarabce duwãtsu. A cikin taswirar South America za a iya ganin haka a fili yadda kusa fit ruwa. Iskõki daga teku sarari da kuma gumi iska hanzarta aiwatar da halaka, sabili da haka duwãtsu aka rasa wata shekara kusan santimita a tsawo.

Duk da haka, wani taimako sanya, da kuma volcanoes, wanda, kamar yadda aka ce, da yawa a cikin Andes, kuma wani gagarumin yawan su har yanzu aiki. Godiya a gare su, wasu kololuwa har yanzu za a iya "girma", don haka da cewa talakawan tsawo daga cikin tsarin kasance iri guda.

A iri-iri na ta Kudu American duwãtsu

A wurare daban-daban na Andes ne sosai daban-daban da kuma ƙasa kuma topography, da kuma ciyayi. Wannan shi ne saboda, da farko, da cewa da folded sassa na dutsen jeri a cikin daban-daban ma'aunan kasa epochs. Kuma abu na biyu, cewa da Kudancin Cordillera ne sosai tsawo da aka tsallaka da dama na halitta zones.

A tsakiyar ɓangare na Andes da sanyi Peru halin yanzu samun kyawawan sanyi yankin. A kan wani tudu kira Puna zafin jiki ba ya tashi fiye da 10 da kuma wani lokacin saukad da kuma -25 digiri. Ga akwai kuma mafi m a duniya Atacama Desert.

Kudancin Andes - shi ne subtropical. Kuma ko da yake a cikin mafi zafi watan iska ba ya samun dumi sama 15, shi ne mai gumi da yawa na ruwan sama - wani yawa na rigar snow, ko ruwan sama.

Saboda haka, idan ka yi tafiya, daga wannan ƙarshen Kudu American duwãtsu, za ka iya shaida mafi sauyin yanayi zones.

hawa roko

Kudancin Cordillera, godiya ta zuwa ga tsawo da kuma sabon abu, da ban sha'awa sosai ga tuddai. Ga zo daga ko'ina a cikin duniya, ciki har da daga Rasha, da kuma daga sauran sassa na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet.

A mafi m hawa biyu "abu": da mafi dutsen a kudancin Amirka, wato, Aconcagua, kuma Alpamayo ganiya. Farko a cikin jerin aka dauke su quite sauki shawo kan. Gora m, m, daidai saboda tsayinsa kuma views. Duk da haka, domin ci na Aconcagua hawa bukatar da mai kyau kwarewa, jimiri da kuma abin dogara portability na bakin ciki iska. Hadari ya explorers ne mafi yawa m weather a cikin Aconcagua yankin. Ta ba zato canje-canje da kuma yin irin wannan m dutsen.

Wani abu - Alpamayo. An dauke da mafi impregnable a kudancin Amirka da kuma daga saman goma duniya "matsala" daga duwãtsu. A kwana tsakanin "ganuwar" da kuma ƙasa Alpamayo kai 60 digiri. Ko da dakunan climbers sau da yawa ba sa har zuwa rabi daga dutsen. Mun zo har zuwa saman naúrar. Kuma a karon farko Alpamayo aka yawaita a 1951, biyu masu hawa daga Belgium-Faransa balaguro.

Daga cikin sabon shiga climbers dauke ban sha'awa hawan zuwa Cotopaxi. Aman wuta ko inganci, amma yanzu da gazawa. Kamar sauran kololuwa, ya aka captivated da nisa ba a farkon lõkaci. A farkon karni na 19th, biyu masu hawa kokarin hawa zuwa saman da kuma iya ba. Shi ne, bisa manufa, shi ne ba abin mamaki ba, amma m cewa su ba su iya shawo kan kawai na karshe 300 mita.

Duk da wuya lokacin da hanya, yanzu da akwai Cotopaxi ko da shirya wani sabon zuwa. Babban abu - kar ka manta da dress warmly, a saman da zazzabi da wuya lẽƙãwa -10.

An ban sha'awa, daki-daki ne da bukatar wani dare tafiya: dole ne mu koma zuwa ga sansanin kafin melted snow daga footpath.

Saboda haka cewa ta Kudu American duwatsu akwai ban sha'awa a sosai daban-daban kwatance, kuma idan za ka iya, ka tafi can ya kamata ka shakka.