A mawãƙi Tomas Eliot: Biography, kerawa

Thomas Stearns Eliot - American mawãƙi asali daga jihar Missouri (St. Louis). A 1922 ya buga ya shahara waka "The Vata Land." Wannan aiki na Ezra laba, ya shawarta da aboki, da ake kira da mafi tsawo da aka rubuta a cikin harshen Turanci waqe. Kuma T. Eliot lashe kyautar Nobel a shekarar 1948.

Asalin da mawãƙi

Thomas Stearns Eliot aka haife shi a wani babban iyali. Ya shi ne auta yaro. Daga cikin magabatan da mawãƙi a kan mahaifinsa gefen shi Rev. U. G. Eliot, wanda ya kafa da St. Louis Jami'ar Washington. Tare da masu juna biyu magabatan Eliot Ayzek Sternz san cewa daya daga cikin na farko ya koma Massachusetts.

Genri Uer Eliot, Thomas mahaifina shi ne mai arziki industrialist da Charlotte Stearns, uwarsa - mace da wallafe-wallafen hazaka da kuma da-ilimi. Ta halicci wani wasan kwaikwayo a cikin aya, kazalika da biography na U. G. Eliota.

horo lokaci, da farkon aikin

Thomas fara rubuta wakoki a shekaru goma sha huɗu. Farkon aikin da aka alama ta rinjayar da ayyukan Omar Khayyam. Kamar dukan avant-garde mawãƙi, matasa Thomas ya 'yan tawayen, ya m na zamani duniya. Duk da haka, daga baya da babban matsala shi ne halittar marubucin ruhu rikicin. Thomas mamaki catastrophic matakai cewa fitar da rai daga al'umma. Ta ban tausayi mawãƙi shige da mamaki da karfi.

A karshen wani zaman kansa makaranta located in St. Louis, Thomas ya ci gaba da karatu a Massachusetts College of masu zaman kansu. A shekara daga baya, a shekarar 1906, ya ya shiga cikin jami'ar Harvard. Fice, talented dalibi na shekaru uku, ya kammala karatunsa a jami'ar da shakka. A shekara ta huɗu, ya samu babban digiri.

By wannan lokaci da rubuce-rubuce na waqoqi a "Harvard advoket", edited by Eliot ya daga 1909 zuwa 1910. Bayan haka, sai ya tafi Paris, inda ya halarci laccoci a Sorbonne. Elliott gana da Faransa adabi, tare da Symbolist kasida. Symbolism sha'awar shi har yanzu a Harvard. Tomas Eliot karanta Jules Laforgue, wani marubuci wanda yana nufin wannan Trend. Har ila yau, ya aka janyo hankalin da littafin "The motsi na symbolism a adabi" A. Simons. Yana karfi da tasiri ga cigaban Eliot matsayin mawãƙi.

A yanke shawara ya ke e kansa don adabi

Komowa zuwa Harvard a 1911, Thomas ya fara rubuta da rubutun kishin F. G. Bredli, English idealist Falsafa. Ya kuma yi karatu addinin Buddha da kuma Sanskrit. Sheldonian sukolashif ga Tomas Eliot je Jamus da Ingila. A Oxford, Merton College, inda ya sanar da Bradley, ya yi karatu falsafa. Bayan da yawa shakka da taraddudi Eliot yanke shawarar ya kebe da ransa, adabi, don haka ya bai koma kare rubutun a Harvard. Thomas zauna a London, inda ya rubuta wakoki. Wasu daga cikin su, tare da goyon bayan Wyndham Lewis da Ezra laba, da aka buga a 1915.

Eliot yi Bama rayuwa, yin game da wani shekara koyarwa, bayan da ya bauta wa a banki, "Lloyd" magatakarda. A shekara ta 1925, mawãƙi ya fara aiki a "Faber Guayer End", da farko kamar yadda wallafe-wallafen edita na wallafe-wallafe gidan, sa'an nan a matsayin daya daga cikin gudanarwa na kamfanin.

farko aure

Tomas Eliot ya auri a 1915. Shi ya zama masoyi Viven Heyvud. Duk da cewa auren ya kasance m, ma'auratan sun rayu tare for goma sha tara da shekaru. Vivien bayan kisan aure ya a wani asibitin masu tabin hankali. Ta rasu a nan a shekarar 1947.

The aiki a mujallar, sabon ayyukansu

A lokacin daga 1917 zuwa 1919, Thomas yi aiki a cikin mujallar "Egoist" mataimakin edita. Farkon waqe fara bayyana a wani yawan periodicals, ciki har da "Katolika anthology" E. Dinar. A nan, ayyukansa da aka buga a 1915. A "Hogarth Danna" Leonard da Virdzhiniya Vulf sa biyu sabon tarin waqe da Thomas - "Prufrock da sauran lura" (1917) da kuma "Poems" (1919). Wadanda halitta a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Laforgue ayyukansu suna alama ta cizon yatsa a gaskiya.

A farko gagarumin waka na TS Eliot zama "Love Song J. Alfred Prufrock." Yana kama da taimako, kowanne kofa, m, da kyau-ma'ana gwarzo, wanda shi ne ma mai magana Shingen, kuma shi ne rashin qarfin zuciya, musamman tare da mata. Wannan aiki ne mai muhimmanci milestone a cikin shayari na 20th karni. A kan muhimmancin waka da aka rubuta da yawa sukar, da kuma George. Berryman, American mawãƙi, imani da cewa shi ya na zamani shayari fara da shi.

TS Eliot - sukar lamiri

Tare da girma shahararsa na TS Eliot matsayin mawãƙi da kuma tabbatar da suna a matsayin adabi sukar lamiri. Tun shekara ta 1919, Thomas ne na yau da kullum gudummawa ga wallafe-wallafen kari ga "Times" ( "Times litereri sapplment"). Akwai bayyana wa jerin articles kishin Jacobin da Elizabethan wasan kwaikwayo. Tare da wasu, sai suka zama wani ~ angare na tarin ayyukan TS Eliot, "Ruhu Mai Itace" (1920). A wani labarin m na Dante, Shakespeare, Marlowe, Dryden, George Herbert, John Donne, Andrew Marvell marubucin aka ƙoƙarin komawa zuwa mawãƙi ta rayuwa, wanda, a cikin ra'ayi, shi ne wani babban aikin da ya jimre wa zargi. Mutane da yawa ra'ayoyi da aka nuna a cikin baya Eliot "Krayterione" m isasshen rare mujallar, wanda aka wallafa sau hudu a shekara, a cikin lokaci daga 1922 zuwa 1939

"The Vata Land"

A 1922 Tomas Eliot wallafa shahara waka. Kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani, an lasafta su tare da mafi tsawo waqe halitta a cikin harshen Turanci. Ezra Dinar da shawara ta hyperbola (bayan samfurin kawai kunshi 434 Lines), kuma da yawa na shayari allusion maida hankali a wannan waka. Af, Dinar halarci tace na aiki. Ya yanke karshe version na waka ta game da na uku.

Mutane da yawa sanannun masu sukar yi imani da cewa mafi kyau aiki da cewa halitta mai Tomas Eliot - "The Vata Land." Yana ya rinjayi kara ci gaba da wakoki. A samfurin kunshi 5 sassa. Suna sõyayya da jigogi na yashewa na dabi'u da kuma rasa haihuwa. The waka, wanda a nuna da takaici da kuma shakka na postwar lokaci, ya bayyana yanayi na wani zamanin.

Baftisma da Kuma Burtaniya dan kasa

T. S. Eliot a 1927 ne ya yi masa baftisma a cikin Anglican Church. A lokaci guda ya aka sanya Burtaniya dan kasa. Tomas Eliot, wanda wakoki da aka riga aka rare a cikin gabatarwar tarin makala mai taken "A tsaron na Lancelot Andrews," ya kira kansa a classicist a adabi, a addinai, da anglokatolikom royalist a harkokin siyasa. Thomas ya dalibi keenly sha'awar Turanci al'adu. Takwarorinsu, ko da ya kira shi mai wargi da Banasare duk kan, fãce ga kabila da kuma lafazi. Saboda haka, m, tare da Burtaniya kasa burin jama'ar. Duk da haka, da miƙa mulki ga Eliot Church of England ne a tashi daga hadisai na Unitarianism, dauka a cikin iyali, duk da cewa ya bayyana ya bukata domin bayyanannu, kuma m kyawawan dabi'u (Thomas wani Puritan a asalin).

A cikin waka, Eliot ta "Ash Laraba" (1930) nuna shafi tunanin mutum baƙin ciki cewa alama ya proselytizing. A wannan lokacin da shafi tunanin mutum rikice da kuma ilimi Thomas fassara waka "Anabasis" Saint-Yohanna Perse (a 1930). Wannan aiki shi ne wani nau'i ne na ruhaniya tarihin 'yan adam.

kwaikwaiyo da Eliot

A 1930, Thomas rubuta wani poetic wasan kwaikwayo "Murder a cikin Cathedral" (1935) da kuma "Stone" (1934). Wadannan ayyukan da aka halitta addini wasanni. A farko daga cikin wadannan ne a falsafa a halin kirki. Its theme - wahala na St. T. Beckett. The waka an dauki mafi kyau kwaikwaiyo na TS Eliot. Tare da babbar nasara shi ne a sinimomi a Amurka da Turai.

Kwaikwaiyo Elliott na zamani a rayuwar, kamar "Family zumunci" Maraice Cocktail "," Private Sakataren "da kuma" The tsofaffi dattaku "(1939, 1950, 1954 da kuma 1959, bi da bi) suna dauke kasa dacewa. Toma ba sosai iya cika theme na zamanin d bala'i zamani ciki. Duk da haka, da "Maraice hadaddiyar giyar" a lokacin ya samu gagarumar nasara a sinimomi, located a garesu na Atlantic.

Poems 1940 da Nobel Prize

A 1940, Thomas rubuta wannan waqe kamar "Gabas Coker" (1940), "hadayu Norton", "Dry Selveydzhes" (duk a 1941), "Little Gidding" (1942) da kuma "Hudu Quartets" ( a 1943). Mutane da yawa sukar amince da ayyukan da mafi balagagge a Eliot ta aiki. Kowane daga cikinsu yana tunanin, wahayi zuwa gare ta wuri mai faɗi a cikin abin da marubucin weaves farillai game da lokacin, tarihi, yanayin da harshen, na sirri tunanin.

Eliot Thomas, wanda littattafai da aka gane a duniya, ya lashe kyautar Nobel a shekarar 1948. Anders Esterling, memba na Swedish Academy, ya jaddada a cikin jawabin cewa Thomas ta waqe ne da dukiya da "wani lu'u-lu'u sharpness" to fadi a cikin sani na zamani tsara.

Biyu aure da mutuwa da mawãƙi

A shekarar 1957 ya auri EV Fletcher Tomas Eliot. Tarihinsa ƙare a 1965, lokacin da ya mutu gabanin shekaru 76 da shekaru. TS Eliot aka binne shi a Gabas Coker.

A dalilai domin shahararsa ta Eliot

Me shi ne aikin da Thomas Eliot ne har yanzu ban sha'awa ga mutane da yawa? A dalilai ne bambance bambancen. Cif daga cikinsu shi ne gaskiya cewa wannan marubucin ya zama mafi girma a renovator wakoki. Poems in English fassara TS Eliot Jimenez, Montale da Seferis. By 1969, Thomas ayyukan da aka fassara a cikin manyan harsunan Turai, kazalika da Sin, Japan, Urdu, Hindi, Larabci, da sauransu. D. Kuma a zamanin yau wani bazawa a Amurka ko Ingila littafi a kan zamani shayari, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ta fara da taƙaitaccen labari a kan muhimmancin TS Eliot, ga babban taimako da ya yi ga ci gaban fi'ili kerawa.

The wuya daga cikin ji na kerawa Eliot

Fahimci waqe a Turanci da wannan marubucin ba sauki, kamar yadda fassarar ayyukansa. Gaskiyar cewa Eliot ne elitist mawãƙi ne. Ayyukansa ne ba kawai wani sabon gaba daya a duniya wakoki. A aikinsa Thomas bai sa alama lokaci. Ya kullum Labarai bayani da sabon matsaloli da kuma sabon art.

M elitism, da avant-garde yanayi na aikin na wannan marubucin gubar ga cewa ayyukan da ya ba da sauki fahimta. A farko wahala da yake a cikin hadaddun philosophic. Marubucin dauki da muhimman hakkokin tambayoyi na 'yan Adam zama. Eliot yana nufin a cikin aikinsa da latest ado da kuma falsafa Concepts. Ya ba kawai fahimtar da su m zane. A mawãƙi kansa yana kokarin nemo hanyoyin warware matsaloli daban-daban.

Na biyu wahala ta'allaka ne da cewa na musamman rawa a cikin m play amo mara sa, allusions, alamu da sauransu. Wannan damar da mawãƙi tura a cikin ayyukansu na daban-daban al'adu da shekaru daban-daban, ba kawai nuna halin yanzu fahimtar duniya, amma kuma nuna alakarsu da sauran mamaki al'adu da baya. Saboda haka, a cikin bugu na ayyukan wannan marubucin yawanci ba cikakken comments.

The uku alama art Eliot, wanda dagula ta fahimtar, ya hada da babban darajar, wanda shi ne saboda haka yana biya form. Alal misali, samfurin "Hudu Quartet" yana da jinsin melodic makirci wanda aka nuna ta hanyar fahimtar Eliot Beethoven (ko kuma wajen, ya daga baya quartets).

Yana iya zama na dogon lokaci don magana game da fasali na ayyukan Eliot. Duk da haka, a daya labarin ba shi yiwuwa a rufe wani gagarumin kuma musamman asali m sabon abu. Yana da muhimmanci cewa, ga TS Eliot mawuyaci ne ba wani karshen a kanta. Da shi shi ne nuni na bambancin da wadanda ba misali matsaloli wakoki, wanda ya tsara da kuma warware.

A littafin ne game da Cats

Amma ba ko da yaushe TS Eliot ne don haka hadaddun, ba ko da yaushe aiki elitist. Yana iya zama kadan m, amma dabbobi ne sha'awar wannan kasida kamar yadda Tomas Eliot. Cats sun zama protagonists ya shahara da tarin waqe-waqe, da aka buga a 1939 ( "Popular Science game da Cats ..."). Ayyukan kunshe a shi, an halitta a cikin shekara ta 1930. An rubuta su a gare godchildren TS Eliot.

A halin yanzu, wannan tarin ne mai yiwuwa mafi yawan sanannun littafin game da Cats a duniya. Ya san kowane fan of wadannan dabbobi. A babban rabo na sanannun tarin kawo m "Cats" E. L. Vebbera, tsĩrar da a kan ta filaye.